National Reporting Instrument 2024
Background
[INFOxNRI1]
National Reporting instrument 2024
[BGxINT]
Background
Adopted in 2010 at the 63rd World Health Assembly (WHA Res 63.16), the WHO Global Code of Practice on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel (“the Code”) seeks to strengthen the understanding and ethical management of international health personnel recruitment through improved data, information, and international cooperation.
Article 7 of the Code encourages WHO Member States to exchange information on the international recruitment and migration of health personnel. The WHO Director General is mandated to report to the World Health Assembly every 3 years.
WHO Member States completed the 4th round of national reporting in May 2022. The WHO Director General reported progress on implementation to the 75th World Health Assembly in May 2022 (A75/14). The report on the fourth round highlighted the need to assess implications of health personnel emigration in the context of additional vulnerabilities brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, the Expert Advisory Group on the relevance and effectiveness of the Code (A 73/9) was reconvened. Following the recommendations of the Expert Advisory Group, the Secretariat has published the WHO health workforce support and safeguards list 2023.
The National Reporting Instrument (NRI) is a country-based, self-assessment tool for information exchange and Code monitoring. The NRI enables WHO to collect and share current evidence and information on the international recruitment and migration of health personnel. The findings from the 5th round of national reporting will be presented to the Executive Board (EB156) in January 2025 in preparation for the 78th World Health Assembly.
The deadline for submitting reports is 31 August 2024.
Article 9 of the Code mandates the WHO Director General to periodically report to the World Health Assembly on the review of the Code’s effectiveness in achieving its stated objectives and suggestions for its improvement. In 2024 a Member-State led expert advisory group will be convened for the third review of the Code’s relevance and effectiveness. The final report of the review will be presented to the 78th World Health Assembly.
For any queries or clarifications on filling in the online questionnaire please contact us at WHOGlobalCode@who.int.
What is the WHO Global Code of Practice?
Disclaimer: The data and information collected through the National Reporting Instrument will be made publicly available via the NRI database (https://www.who.int/teams/health-workforce/migration/practice/reports-database) following the proceedings of the 78th World Health Assembly. The quantitative data will be used to inform the National Health Workforce Accounts data portal (http://www.apps.who.int/nhwaportal/).
Adopted in 2010 at the 63rd World Health Assembly (WHA Res 63.16), the WHO Global Code of Practice on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel (“the Code”) seeks to strengthen the understanding and ethical management of international health personnel recruitment through improved data, information, and international cooperation.
Article 7 of the Code encourages WHO Member States to exchange information on the international recruitment and migration of health personnel. The WHO Director General is mandated to report to the World Health Assembly every 3 years.
WHO Member States completed the 4th round of national reporting in May 2022. The WHO Director General reported progress on implementation to the 75th World Health Assembly in May 2022 (A75/14). The report on the fourth round highlighted the need to assess implications of health personnel emigration in the context of additional vulnerabilities brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, the Expert Advisory Group on the relevance and effectiveness of the Code (A 73/9) was reconvened. Following the recommendations of the Expert Advisory Group, the Secretariat has published the WHO health workforce support and safeguards list 2023.
The National Reporting Instrument (NRI) is a country-based, self-assessment tool for information exchange and Code monitoring. The NRI enables WHO to collect and share current evidence and information on the international recruitment and migration of health personnel. The findings from the 5th round of national reporting will be presented to the Executive Board (EB156) in January 2025 in preparation for the 78th World Health Assembly.
The deadline for submitting reports is 31 August 2024.
Article 9 of the Code mandates the WHO Director General to periodically report to the World Health Assembly on the review of the Code’s effectiveness in achieving its stated objectives and suggestions for its improvement. In 2024 a Member-State led expert advisory group will be convened for the third review of the Code’s relevance and effectiveness. The final report of the review will be presented to the 78th World Health Assembly.
For any queries or clarifications on filling in the online questionnaire please contact us at WHOGlobalCode@who.int.
What is the WHO Global Code of Practice?
Disclaimer: The data and information collected through the National Reporting Instrument will be made publicly available via the NRI database (https://www.who.int/teams/health-workforce/migration/practice/reports-database) following the proceedings of the 78th World Health Assembly. The quantitative data will be used to inform the National Health Workforce Accounts data portal (http://www.apps.who.int/nhwaportal/).
Disclaimer
[INFOxNRI2]
National Reporting instrument 2024
[disclaim]
Disclaimer
[1] Note: Case-based facility data collection as that in the WHO Global Bum Registry does not require WHO Member State approval.
[2] The world health report 2013: research for universal coverage. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013 (http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/85761/2/9789240690837_eng.pdf)
[3] WHO statement on public disclosure of clinical trial results: Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015 (http://www.who.int/ictrp/results/en/, accessed 21 February 2018).
For more information on WHO Data Policy kindly refer to http://www.who.int/publishing/datapolicy/en/
[1] Note: Case-based facility data collection as that in the WHO Global Bum Registry does not require WHO Member State approval.
[2] The world health report 2013: research for universal coverage. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013 (http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/85761/2/9789240690837_eng.pdf)
[3] WHO statement on public disclosure of clinical trial results: Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015 (http://www.who.int/ictrp/results/en/, accessed 21 February 2018).
For more information on WHO Data Policy kindly refer to http://www.who.int/publishing/datapolicy/en/
I have read and understood the WHO policy on the use and sharing of data collected by WHO in Member States outside the context of public health emergencies
Contact Details
[INFOxNRI3]
National Reporting instrument 2024
[CI]
Contact Details
Name of Member State:
Bangladesh
Name of designated national authority:
Abul Bashar Mohammad Khurshid Alam
Title of designated national authority:
Institution of the designated national authority:
Email:
alamdr2003@yahoo.com,dg@ld.dghs.gov.bd,dhilloni@who.int,WHOGlobalCode@who.int
Telephone number :
Contemporary issues
[INFOxNRI4]
National Reporting instrument 2024
[NRIxI]
The questions marked * are mandatory. The system will not allow submission until all mandatory questions are answered.
[INFOx1]
Contemporary issues on health personnel migration and mobility
[Q1x1]
In the past 3 years, has the issue of international recruitment of health personnel been a concern for your country?
Yes, and it is increasing in intensity
The number of institutions training health professionals has grown locally, yet employment opportunities remain limited, leading to rising unemployment among health workers. While international recruitment provides opportunities for specific categories, such as unemployed doctors and nurses, the country has a diverse health workforce capable of addressing basic healthcare needs.
[Q1x2]
In the past 3 years, has the issue of international reliance on health personnel (international recruitment of health personnel to meet domestic needs) been a concern for your country?
No, this is not a problem in my country
Health Personnel Education
[INFOxNRI5]
National Reporting instrument 2024
[INFOx2]
Health personnel education, employment and health system sustainability
[Q2]
Is your country taking measures to educate, employ and retain a health and care workforce that is appropriate for the specific conditions of your country, including areas of greatest need?
Yes
[Q2x1]
Please check all items that apply from the list below:
2.1 Measures taken to ensure the sustainability of the health and care workforce
2.2 Measures taken to address the geographical mal-distribution and retention of health and care workers*
2.3 Other relevant measures taken to educate, employ and retain a health and care workforce that is appropriate for the specific conditions of your country
[Q2x1x1]
2.1.1 Measures taken to ensure the sustainability of the health and care workforce
Forecasting future health and care workforce requirements to inform planning
Yes, Human Resources Unit of The Ministry of Health has been working on forecasting and future health care requirements of priority health workers/personnel. Bangladesh Health Workforce Strategy 2024 addresses this.
Aligning domestic health and care workforce education with health system needs
Yes, Increasing educational institutions (in numbers and in seats) for health care professionals (Medical colleges, Nursing Institutions, Health technology institutions etc) Bangladesh Health Workforce Strategy 2024 addresses this.
Improving quality of education and health personnel in alignment with service delivery needs
There is provision of in-service training opportunities for all professionals and fellowship training (e.g. FCPS) for clinical subjects for doctors, nurses and other relevant professionals. Reference Bangladesh Health Workforce Strategy 2024 (BHWFS 2024).
Creating employment opportunities aligned with population health needs
Through Public Service Commission (PSC), Govt recruits necessary Doctors, Nurses and other health care professional. In Covid 19 and later doctors, midwives and nurses has been recruited according to the need of the population. However, it can be noted that healthcare in Bangladesh is highly contributed by private sector.
Managing international recruitment of health personnel
International outflow and inflow are managed by Ministry of Expatriates' Welfare and Overseas Employment in small scale. Foreign trained doctors need to take temporary registration from Bangladesh Medical and Dental Council (BMDC). So, a limited documentation is done by BMDC.
Improving management of health personnel
Under Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, there are two separate Divisions and nine directorates/agencies. They are dedicated to health services and health education and family welfare.
Specific provisions on health personnel regulation and recruitment during emergencies
During Covid 19 emergency, about 2000 doctors and 4000 nurses were recruited. Many health volunteers and health workers/professionals were recruited on temporary basis.
Others
[Q2x2x1]
Check all that apply for Measures taken to address the geographical mal-distribution and retention of health and care workers
2.2.1 Education
2.2.2 Regulation
2.2.3 Incentives
2.2.4 Support
[Q2x2x1x1]
2.2.1.1 Education Measure
Education institutions based in rural/underserved areas
Among the 64 districts, there are 31 medical colleges, 43 public nursing institutes, 7 nursing colleges, and 4 post-basic nursing institutes, IHT, etc.
Student intake from rural/underserved areas and communities
Up to 2023, quota was applied for rural intake and under deserved communities.
Scholarships and subsidies for education
Scholarships and subsidies are available for education. In-service training for the health workforce and opportunities for deputation for higher studies are also available.
Relevant topics/curricula in education and/or professional development programmes
Incorporating community medicine and public health into education and professional development programfor addressing health disparities
(Re)orientation of education programmes towards primary health care
During the medical college placement, students are placed in a community medicine setting where they undergo Residential Field Site Training (RFST). The public health curriculum is incorporated into this hands-on experience in rural and underserved areas. This provides students with practical knowledge and encourages them to serve these communities.
Others
[Q2x2x2x1]
2.2.2.1 Regulation Measure
Scholarships and education subsidies with return of service agreements
Scholarships and subsidies are available for education for a limited number of students. There is also in-service training for the health workforce and opportunities for deputation for higher studies.
Mandatory service agreements with health personnel that are not related to scholarships or education subsidies
Two-year service is mandatory for doctors in public services.
Enhanced scope of practice of existing health personnel
Doctors have the option to engage in private practice as well as practice in government-approved institutional chambers. This allows them to serve a wider range of patients and provides flexibility in their professional careers.
Task sharing between different professions
Between nurses, midwives, and medical assistants.
Provisions for pathways to enter new or specialised practice after rural service
After completing a two-year rural service, individuals may have the opportunity to transition into new or specialized practice pathways.
Others
[Q2x2x3x1]
2.2.3.1 Incentives Measure
Additional financial reimbursement
Government services provide paid education leave, enabling employees to pursue further studies while continuing to receive their salaries. Additionally, many government organizations offer programs or support for postgraduate education to help employees enhance their skills and knowledge.
Education opportunities
Deputation and educational leave opportunities.
Opportunities for career advancement or professional growth
Career pathway, regular promotions, service opportunities
Professional recognition
BMDC gives registration for practice
Social recognition
yes
Opportunity for pathways to permanent residency and/or citizenship for international health personnel
Others
[Q2x2x4x1]
2.2.4.1 Support Measure
Decent and safe working conditions
Yes but need to improve
Decent and safe living conditions
Yes but need to improve
Distance learning/e-learning opportunities
Muktopath provides a comprehensive e-learning platform. In response to the challenges posed by the Covid-19 pandemic, specialized training sessions conducted on Zoom. Additionally, online need-based training is also done by government
Others
[Q2x3x1]
2.3.1 Please describe - Other relevant measures taken to educate, employ and retain a health and care workforce that is appropriate for the specific conditions of your country.
Community Paramedic training by Swiss contact (ASTHA) and Gonoswasthya (31 Health Centers in 17 districts) like nongovernment NGOs.
Mandatory if yes
[Q3x1]
Are there specific policies and/or laws that guide international recruitment, migration and integration of foreign-trained health personnel in your country?
Yes
[Q3x1x1]
Please provide further information in the box below:
Law/policy 1
Bangladeshi students who complete their MBBS course in a different country, must appear at the licensing exam at BMDC. BMDC has this policy
Law/policy 2
Ministry of Health and BMDC have adopted a policy that all foreign doctors must take temporary registration from BMDC before they practice in Bangladesh.
Law/policy 3
[Q3x2]
Are there any policies and/or provision for international telehealth services in your country through health personnel based abroad?
Yes
[Q3x2x1]
Please describe
Telemedicine guideline during COVID 19 was adopted.
[Q3x3]
Has your country established a database or compilation of laws and regulations related to international health personnel recruitment and migration and, as appropriate, information related to their implementation?
No
[Q4]
Recognizing the role of other government entities, does the Ministry of Health have mechanisms (e.g. policies, processes, unit) to monitor and coordinate across sectors on issues related to the international recruitment and migration of health personnel?
Yes
[Q4x1]
Please describe
Ministry of Expatriates' Welfare and Overseas Employment coordinates with Ministry of Health and it’s entities to verify identity of health workers.
[Q5]
Please describe the steps taken by your country to implement the following Code recommendations.
Check all items that apply from the list below:
Check all items that apply from the list below:
5.1 Measures have been taken or are being considered to introduce changes to laws or policies on health personnel consistent with the recommendations of the Code.
5.2 Actions have been taken to communicate and share information across
sectors on the international recruitment and migration of health personnel, as well as to publicize the Code, among relevant ministries, departments and agencies,
nationally and/or sub-nationally.
sectors on the international recruitment and migration of health personnel, as well as to publicize the Code, among relevant ministries, departments and agencies,
nationally and/or sub-nationally.
Bangladesh Health Workforce Migration Governance Framework: A Scoping Review. 2024. Consultant’s Report. HR Branch, Health Services Division, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and WHO Bangladesh.
5.3 Measures have been taken to consult stakeholders in decision-making
processes and/or involve them in activities related to the international recruitment of health personnel.
processes and/or involve them in activities related to the international recruitment of health personnel.
National level stakeholders consultation workshops were organized at least two times in 2015 and in 2024.
5.4 Records are maintained on all private recruitment agencies for health
personnel authorized by competent authorities to operate within their jurisdiction.
personnel authorized by competent authorities to operate within their jurisdiction.
5.5 Good practices, as called for by the Code, are encouraged and promoted among private recruitment agencies.
5.5a Promotion of the Code among private recruitment agencies.
5.5b Domestic legislation or policy requiring ethical practice of private recruitment agencies, as consistent with the principles and articles of the Code.
5.5c Public or private certification of ethical practice for private recruitment agencies.
5.5d Others
5.6 None of the above
Government Agreements
[INFOxNRI6]
National Reporting instrument 2024
[INFOx3]
Government-to-Government agreements on migration or mobility of health personnel
[Q6]
Has your country or sub-national governments entered into any bilateral, multilateral, or regional agreements and/or arrangements with respect to the international recruitment and/or mobility of health personnel?
Yes
[Q6x1xA]
Please use the table below to describe each of the active bilateral, regional or multilateral agreements or arrangements:
| a. Title of Agreement | b. Type of Agreement | |
|---|---|---|
| Agreement 1 | With Bhutan | 1 |
| Agreement 2 | Soudi Arabia | 1 |
| Agreement 3 | With Kuwait | 1 |
| Agreement 4 | ||
| Agreement 5 | ||
| Agreement 6 | ||
| Agreement 7 | ||
| Agreement 8 | ||
| Agreement 9 | ||
| Agreement 10 | ||
| Agreement 11 | ||
| Agreement 12 | ||
| Agreement 13 | ||
| Agreement 14 | ||
| Agreement 15 |
Government Agreements - 6.1 A
[INFOxNRI7]
National Reporting instrument 2024
[Q6x1xAx1]
c. Countries involved
With Bhutan
BTN
Soudi Arabia
SAU
With Kuwait
KWT
[Q6x1xAx2]
d. Coverage
With Bhutan
National
Soudi Arabia
National
With Kuwait
National
[Q6x1xAx3]
e. Main focus of agreement (check all that apply)
| Education and training | Health cooperation | Promotion of circular migration | Philanthropy or technical support | Qualification recognition | Recruitment of health personnel | Trade in services | Others | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| With Bhutan | 1 | |||||||
| Soudi Arabia | 1 | |||||||
| With Kuwait | 1 | |||||||
[Q6x1xAx4]
f. Categories of Health Personnel (check all that apply)
| Doctors | Nurses | Midwives | Dentists | Pharmacists | Other occupations | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| With Bhutan | 1 | |||||
| Soudi Arabia | 1 | |||||
| With Kuwait | 1 | |||||
[Q6x1xAx5]
g. Validity period
| Start Year | End Year | |
|---|---|---|
| With Bhutan | No information | No information |
| Soudi Arabia | No information | No information |
| With Kuwait | No information | No information |
[Q6x1xAx6]
h. Signatory of the agreement from your country
With Bhutan
Ministry of Health
Soudi Arabia
Ministry of Health
With Kuwait
Ministry of Health
[Q6x1xAx7]
i. Signatory of the agreement from the partner country (ies)
With Bhutan
Ministry of Health
Soudi Arabia
Ministry of Health
With Kuwait
Ministry of Health
[Q6x1xAx8]
j. Content of agreement
[Q6x1xAx8x1]
j.i. Does the agreement include elements to benefit the health system of your country and the partner country(ies)?
With Bhutan
Yes, has elements to
benefit the health system of my country and partner country(ies)
benefit the health system of my country and partner country(ies)
Soudi Arabia
Yes, has elements to
benefit the health system of my country and partner country(ies)
benefit the health system of my country and partner country(ies)
With Kuwait
Yes, has elements to
benefit the health system of my country and partner country(ies)
benefit the health system of my country and partner country(ies)
[Q6x1xAx8x1x]
Please explain:
With Bhutan
Yes
Soudi Arabia
yes
With Kuwait
Yes
[Q6x1xAx8x2]
j.ii. Does the agreement include elements on health worker rights and welfare?
With Bhutan
Yes
Soudi Arabia
Yes
With Kuwait
Yes
[Q6x1xAx8x2x]
Please explain:
With Bhutan
Yes
Soudi Arabia
Yes
With Kuwait
Yes
Government Agreements - 6.1 B
[INFOxNRI8]
National Reporting instrument 2024
[Q6x1xB]
Please use the table below to describe the implementation of each of the active bilateral, regional or multilateral agreements or arrangements
[Q6x1xBx1]
Has the agreement been implemented?
With Bhutan
Partially implemented
Soudi Arabia
Yes
With Kuwait
Yes
[Q6x1xBx1x1]
| Start year of implementation: | |
|---|---|
| With Bhutan | 2013 |
| Soudi Arabia | 2022 |
| With Kuwait | 2022 |
[Q6x1xBx2a]
How many health personnel have left or entered your country through this agreement since its implementation?
Agreement: With Bhutan
Agreement: With Bhutan
| Number of personnel | |
|---|---|
| Doctors | |
| Nurses | |
| Midwives | |
| Dentists | |
| Pharmacists | |
[Q6x1xBx2b]
How many health personnel have left or entered your country through this agreement since its implementation?
Agreement: Soudi Arabia
Agreement: Soudi Arabia
| Number of personnel | |
|---|---|
| Doctors | |
| Nurses | |
| Midwives | |
| Dentists | |
| Pharmacists | |
[Q6x1xBx2c]
How many health personnel have left or entered your country through this agreement since its implementation?
Agreement: With Kuwait
Agreement: With Kuwait
| Number of personnel | |
|---|---|
| Doctors | |
| Nurses | |
| Midwives | |
| Dentists | |
| Pharmacists | |
[Q6x1xBx3]
Please explain if and how has the health system of your country benefitted from the agreement.
With Bhutan
Health workforce shortage
Soudi Arabia
Health workforce shortage
With Kuwait
Health workforce shortage
[Q6x1xBx4]
Please describe if and how the health system of other country(ies) has benefitted from the agreement.
With Bhutan
To address health care need.
Soudi Arabia
To address health care need.
With Kuwait
To address health care need.
[Q6x1xBx5]
Please explain if and how the provisions on health workers rights and welfare were implemented.
With Bhutan
partially
Soudi Arabia
partially
With Kuwait
partially
[Q6x1xBx6]
Please provide any other relevant information on the agreement (e.g., context, positive elements, gaps and lessons learnt).
With Bhutan
Soudi Arabia
With Kuwait
[Q6x1xBx7]
Full text of the agreement and associated documents (implementation plan, progress report, implementation report, evaluation report, etc.)
| Upload document(s) | |
|---|---|
| With Bhutan | |
| Soudi Arabia | |
| With Kuwait | |
[Q6x1xBx7xfile1]
[Q6x1xBx7xfile2]
[Q6x1xBx7xfile3]
[Q6x1xBx7xfile4]
[Q6x1xBx7xfile5]
[Q6x1xBx7xfile6]
[Q6x1xBx7xfile7]
[Q6x1xBx7xfile8]
[Q6x1xBx7xfile9]
[Q6x1xBx7xfile10]
[Q6x1xBx7xfile11]
[Q6x1xBx7xfile12]
[Q6x1xBx7xfile13]
[Q6x1xBx7xfile14]
[Q6x1xBx7xfile15]
Responsibilities, rights and recruitment practices
[INFOxNRI9]
National Reporting instrument 2024
[INFOx4]
Responsibilities, rights and recruitment practices
[Q7]
If your country employs/hosts international health personnel to work in the health and care sectors, which legal safeguards and/or other mechanisms are in place for migrant health personnel and to ensure that enjoy the same legal rights and responsibilities as the domestically trained health workforce?
Please check all items that apply from the list below:
Please check all items that apply from the list below:
Migrant health personnel are recruited using mechanisms that allow them to assess the benefits and risk associated with employment positions and to make timely and informed decisions on the employment.
BMDC regulates practices. Private sector organizations/hiring agencies look after the rest.
Migrant health personnel are hired, promoted and remunerated based on objective criteria such as levels of qualification, years of experience and degrees of professional responsibility on the same basis as the domestically trained health workforce.
Migrant health personnel enjoy the same opportunities as the domestically trained health workforce to strengthen their professional education, qualifications and career progression.
Institutional arrangements are in place to ensure safe migration/ mobility and integration of migrant health personnel.
Measures have been taken to promote circular migration of international health personnel
Other measures (including legal and administrative) for fair recruitment and employment practices of foreign-trained and/or immigrant health personnel (please provide details)
No measures in place
Not applicable – does not host/employ foreign health personnel
[Q8]
If health personnel from your country are working abroad in the health and care sectors, please provide information on measures that have been taken or are planned in your country to ensure their fair recruitment and employment; safe migration; return; and diaspora utilization in your country, as well as difficulties encountered.
Please check all items that apply from the list below:
Please check all items that apply from the list below:
Arrangements for fair recruitment
Ministry of Expatriates' Welfare and Overseas Employment looks after this.
Arrangements for decent employment contracts and working conditions in destination countries
Arrangements for safe mobility
Arrangements for return and reintegration to the health labour market in your country
Arrangements for diaspora engagement to support your country health system
Other
No measures in place
Not applicable – health personnel from my country are not working abroad
International migration
[INFOxNRI10]
National Reporting instrument 2024
[INFOx5]
International migration and mobility pathways for health personnel
[Q9x1]
9.1 If your country hosts international health personnel to work in the health and care sector, how do they come to your country? (check all that apply)
| Direct (individual) application for education, employment, trade, immigration or entry in country |
Government to government agreements that allow health personnel mobility |
Private recruitment agencies or employer facilitated recruitment |
Private education/ immigration consultancies facilitated mobility |
Other pathways (please specify) | Which pathway is used the most? Please include quantitative data if available. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Doctors | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Private sector’s initiatives are mostly used to recruit health personnel/doctors especially by renowned private hospitals. According to a recent study (2024), about 168 foreign doctors registered with BMDC from June 2023 to Aug 2024. The study also reveals that about 6,255 foreign students studied medicine and dentistry here in Bangladesh from 2021 to 2024 (four years) | |
| Nurses | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Only a few numbers of nurses are hired by private sectors through this mechanism. According to Bangladesh Nursing and Midwifery Council (2024), about 38 foreign nurses were registered with them. | |
| Midwives | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Dentists | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Pharmacists | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Other occupations | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Other occupations | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Other occupations | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Other occupations | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Other occupations | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
[Q9x1oth]
[Q9x2]
9.2 If health personnel from your country work/study abroad, how do they leave your country?
(check all that apply)
| Direct (individual) application for education, employment, trade, immigration, or entry in the destination country |
Government to government agreements that allow health personnel mobility |
Private recruitment agencies or employer facilitated recruitment |
Private education/ immigration consultancies facilitated mobility |
Other pathways (please specify) | Which pathway is used the most? Please include quantitative data if available. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Doctors | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - Doctors from private sectors go abroad on their own initiatives. - According to a recent study (2024), about 99 doctors migrated from Bangladesh from 2020 to Aug 2024. | |
| Nurses | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Nurses from private sectors go abroad on their own initiatives. According to a recent study (2024), about 2824 nurses migrated from Bangladesh between 2020 and 2024. | |
| Midwives | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Dentists | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Dentists from private sectors go abroad on their own initiatives | |
| Pharmacists | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Pharmacists from private sectors go abroad on their own initiatives. According to a recent study (2024), about nine pharmacists migrated from Bangladesh between 2020 and 2024. | |
| Other occupations | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Other occupations | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Other occupations | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Other occupations | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Other occupations | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
[Q9x2oth]
Recruitment & migration
[INFOxNRI11]
National Reporting instrument 2024
[INFOx6]
Data on international health personnel recruitment & migration
Improving the availability and international comparability of data is essential to understanding and addressing the global dynamic of health worker migration. Please consult with your NHWA focal point, if available, to ensure that data reported below is consistent with NHWA reporting*.
(The list of NHWA focal points is available here. Please find the focal point(s) for your country from the list and consult with them.)
For countries reporting through the WHO-Euro/EuroStat/OECD Joint data collection process, please liaise with the JDC focal point.
[Q10]
Does your country have any mechanism(s) or entity(ies) to maintain statistical records of foreign-born and foreign-trained health personnel?
Yes
[Q10x1]
Where are the records maintained? (check all that apply)
Employment records or work permits
Ministry of health personnel database
Registry of health personnel authorized to practice
Other
[Q10x1x1]
Please specify:
BMDC maintains a registration system for the doctors who are locally and foreign trained. Gender segregation is also made. This is paper based system.
[Q10x2]
Does the record include gender-disaggregated data on the foreign-born and/or foreign-trained health personnel?
Yes
Inflow and outflow of health personnel
[INFOxNRI12]
National Reporting instrument 2024
[INFOx7]
Inflow and outflow of health personnel
[Q11]
Do you have a mechanism to monitor the inflow and outflow of health personnel to/from your country? (check all that apply)
Inflow
Outflow
No
[Q11x3]
If you have any document with information on health worker inflows and outflows for your country, please upload
Bangladesh Health Workforce Migration Governance Framework: A Scoping Review. 2024. Consultant’s Report. HR Branch, Health Services Division, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and WHO Bangladesh.
Unpublished report
Stock of health personnel
[INFOxNRI13]
National Reporting instrument 2024
[INFOx8]
Stock of health personnel
[Q12x1]
Consolidated stock on health personnel, disaggregated by place of training and birth
For the latest year available, consistent with the National Health Workforce Accounts (NHWA) Indicators 1-07 and 1-08, please provide information on the total stock of health personnel in your country (preferably the active workforce), disaggregated by the place of training (foreign-trained) and the place of birth (foreign-born).
For the latest year available, consistent with the National Health Workforce Accounts (NHWA) Indicators 1-07 and 1-08, please provide information on the total stock of health personnel in your country (preferably the active workforce), disaggregated by the place of training (foreign-trained) and the place of birth (foreign-born).
[Q12x1a]
Please provide data on the stock of active health personnel in your country by one of the following ways:
Share data in the NHWA platform through NHWA focal point
[Q12x1x1x]
If you have any document with information on stock of active health personnel for your country, their distribution by place of training and place of birth, please upload
HRH Data Sheet 2023
Published
[Q12x2]
Please provide data on the top 10 countries of training for foreign-trained health personnel in your country.
This information can be provided by one of the following two options:
This information can be provided by one of the following two options:
[Q12x2x1x]
If you have any document with information on the distribution of foreign-trained health personnel for your country by their country of training, please upload
Technical and financial support
[INFOxNRI14]
National Reporting instrument 2024
[INFOx9]
Technical and financial support
[Q13]
Has your country provided technical or financial assistance to any source countries or countries in the WHO health workforce support and safeguards list 2023, or other low- and middle-income countries on health workforce development, health system strengthening, or for implementing other recommendations of the Code (e.g., strengthening data, information and research on health workforce for translation to policies and planning, etc.)
No
[Q14]
Has your country received technical or financial assistance from any WHO Member State or other stakeholders (e.g., development partners, other agencies) for health workforce development, health system strengthening, or for implementing other recommendations of the Code (e.g., strengthening data, information and research on health workforce for translation to policies and planning, etc.)?
Yes
[Q14x]
Please provide additional information below (check all that apply):
Support for health workforce development (planning, education, employment, retention)
Support for other elements for health system strengthening (service delivery; health information systems; health financing; medical products and technology; and health leadership and governance)
Other areas of support:
[Q14x1]
Please specify support for health workforce development (planning, education, employment, retention)
| Supporting country/entity | Type of support (please specify) | |
|---|---|---|
| UK | Health workforce strengthening - planning, education and employment. | |
[Q14x2]
Please specify support for other elements of health system strengthening (service delivery; health information systems; health financing; medical products and technology; and health leadership and governance)
| Supporting country/entity: | Type of support (please specify) | |
|---|---|---|
| Sweden | Health systems strengthening including financing, NCD, access to medicine and AMR | |
| EU | Health systems strengthening for UHC Partnership | |
Constraints, Solutions, and Complementary Comments
[INFOxNRI15]
National Reporting instrument 2024
[INFOx10]
Constraints, Solutions, and Complementary Comments
[Q15]
Please list in priority order, the three main constraints to the ethical management of international migration in your country and propose possible solutions:
| Main constraints | Possible solutions/recommendations | |
|---|---|---|
[Q16]
What support do you require to strengthen implementation of the Code?
Support to strengthen data and information on health personnel
Strengthening existing database of different agencies including HR Branch, Ministry of Health and BMDC, BNMC, PCB and State Medical Faculty.
Support for policy dialogue and development
To organize policy dialogue for gaining political commitment.
Support for the development of bilateral/multi-lateral agreements
To share sample agreements that are made in line with the Code.
Others
No support required
[Q17]
Considering that the Code is a dynamic document that should be updated as required, please provide reflections from your country on the past 14 years since the resolution on the Code.
[Q17x1]
Please comment on if/how the Code has been useful to your country.
Please revisit the Code's texts and please make it easy to understand.
[Q17x2]
Do any articles of the Code need to be updated?
[Q17x3]
Does the process of reporting on Code implementation and the review of the Code relevance and effectiveness need to be updated?
[Q17x4]
Please comment on the WHO health workforce support and safeguards list (e.g. if your country is included in the list, how has that affected you; if your country is reliant on international health personnel, how has the list affected you; if your country is not in the list, how has it affected you)
The WHO health workforce support and safeguards list only counts doctors, nurses and midwives; other health personnel are not counted or reflected in the list. Bangladesh has a variety of health workers involved in health service delivery at primary level of the health systems. Bangladesh is experiencing significant number of productions of health workers e.g., more than 30,00 nurses and more than 12,000 doctors per years. Government of Bangladesh cannot absorb all of them. Therefore, arranging employment for additional health workers in outside countries is obvious and justified on ethical ground given there is a demand for them.
[Q18]
Submit any other complementary comments or material you may wish to provide regarding the international recruitment and migration of health personnel, as related to implementation of the Code.
Please describe OR Upload (Maximum file size 10 MB)
Please describe OR Upload (Maximum file size 10 MB)
[Q18x1]
Draft Position Paper
This paper was shared with the EAG in 2024.
Warning
[INFOxNRI16]
National Reporting instrument 2024
[WARN]
You have reached the end of the National Reporting Instrument - 2024. You may go back to any question to update your answers or confirm your entry by clicking ‘Submit’.