国家报告文书(2021年)

Hide all

背景

Hide [iBG] 2010年在第63届世界卫生大会(WHA63.16号决议)上通过的《世界卫生组织国际卫生人员招聘全球行为守则》(“《守则》”)旨在通过经改进的数据、信息和国际合作,加强对国际卫生人员招聘的理解和符合伦理的管理。

《守则》第7条鼓励世卫组织会员国交流关于卫生人员国际招聘和移徙的信息。还委托世卫组织总干事每三年向世界卫生大会作出报告。

2019年3月,世卫组织会员国完成了第三轮国家报告。2019年5月,世卫组织总干事向第七十二届世界卫生大会报告了实施进展情况(A72/23)。第三轮国家报告还为2020年向第七十三届世界卫生大会介绍的由会员国牵头的《守则》相关性和有效性审查(A73/9)提供了信息。

审查突出强调,通过有针对性的支持和保障实施《守则》是确保会员国在突发卫生事件和实现全民健康覆盖方面取得的进展有助于支持而不是损害其它国家的类似成就所必需的。鉴于该报告和WHA73(30)号决定中的考虑因素,世卫组织秘书处还编制了2020年卫生人力支持和保障清单

国家报告文书是以国家为基础的自我评估工具,目的是进行信息交流和《守则》监测。国家报告文书使世卫组织得以收集和交换有关卫生人员国际招聘和移徙的最新证据和信息。第四轮国家报告的结果将于2022年5月提交第七十五届世界卫生大会。鉴于COVID-19大流行仍在继续,国家报告文书(2021年)已进行了调整,以另外获取与大流行背景下卫生人员招聘和移徙相关的信息。

提交报告的截止日期为2021年8月31日。

如果国家主管部门因限于技术能力而无法填写在线调查问卷,可通过以下链接下载国家报告文书:http://www.who.int/hrh/migration/code/code_nri/en/。请完成国家报告文书并以电子方式或以硬拷贝形式送达以下地址:

Health Workforce Department
Universal Health Coverage and Health Systems
World Health Organization
20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27
Switzerland
hrhinfo@who.int

免责声明:通过国家报告文书收集的数据和信息将视第七十五届世界卫生大会的议事情况通过世卫组织网站予以公布。所收集的定量数据将通过国家卫生人力账户在线平台(http://www.who.int/hrh/statistics/nhwa/en/)进行更新和提供。
Hide [hidLabels] //hidden: Please not delete.
请描述:
Hide all

免責聲明

Hide [disclaim]
 For more information on WHO Data Policy kindly refer to http://www.who.int/publishing/datapolicy/en/
我已閱讀並理解世衛組織關於在突發公共衛生事件之外在會員國使用和共享世衛組織收集的數據的政策
Hide all

联系方式

Hide [q01b] 联系方式
國家
Hungary
机构全称:
Hanna
国家指定主管部门名称:
National Directorate General for Hospitals
国家指定主管部门头衔:
central office
电话:
+36-1-919-0343, +36-1-338-4891
电子邮件:
pava.hanna@okfo.gov.hu,hrhinfo@who.int
Hide all

《守则》的实施

Hide [q1] 1. 贵国是否采取了步骤实施《守则》?(
Hide [q1x1x] 1.1 已采取行动,跨部门交流和分享卫生人员国际招聘和移徙信息,并在国家和/或国家以下地区相关部委、部门和机构宣传《守则》。
Hide [q1x1]
行动 1
Hungary is committed to strengthen data and information exchange on the HRH-related knowledge and to facilitate policy dialogues across different types of stakeholders at international, national and sub-national level. At international level, Semmelweis University organized discussions at the SEPEN workshop in 2019, dedicated to health workforce mobility (http://healthworkforce.eu/technical_report/workshop-3-videos-and-presentations/ ).
行动 2
Information on the CoP, including its significance, potential use, and lessons on implementation so far is also shared with national and international audience alike at the undergraduate, BSc, MSc and postgraduate CPD training programmes, scientific conferences, and events that Semmelweis University as WHO Collaborating Center runs and/or participates (see for example the L-ead Summer School Programme: https://emk.semmelweis.hu/eithealth/).
行动 3
Hide [q1x2x] 1.2 已经采取或考虑采取措施,参照《守则》的建议,修改法律或政策。
Hide [q1x3x] 1.3 对主管当局批准在其管辖范围内工作的所有招聘者进行登记。
Hide [q1x4x] 1.4 如《守则》所要求,鼓励和提倡招聘机构的良好行为。
Hide [q1x5x] 1.5 已采取措施,在决策过程中与利益攸关方协商,并/或推动它们参与卫生人员国际招聘相关活动。
Hide [q1x5]
措施 1
In the frames of the SEPEN Joint Tender, Semmelweis University organized several events dedicated to health professionals’ mobility and migration, for example a workshop in 2019 that gathered experts from all over Europe, or some webinars that focused also on the mobility and migration topics. See further details: http://healthworkforce.eu/findings/
措施 2
Semmelweis University, as designated WHO CC joined the consortium to prepare the Human Resources for Health leadership and Management course (RFP-2018/HIS/HWF/HPS/004). The work on the prototype curriculum for a Master’s Programme on HRH Leadership and management were coordinated by the Hungarian team, and Semmelweis contributed to the work and all materials for the short training programmes on HRH Leadership and management.
措施 3
Hide [q1x6x] 1.6 其它步骤:
Hide all

伙伴关系、技术合作和财政支持

Hide [q2x1] 2.1. 贵国是否向一个或多个世卫组织会员国,尤其是发展中国家,或其他利益攸关方提供了技术或财政援助以支持实施《守则》?
2.1.1 促进实施《守则》的特别支助
2.1.2 支持加强卫生系统
2.1.3 支持卫生人员发展
2.1.4 没有提供支持
2.1.5 其它领域的支持:
Hide [q2x1oth] 2.1.5 其它领域的支持:
支持领域 1
Technical support for developing health personnel was enabled in the framework of the EU tender entitled “Support for the health workforce planning and forecasting expert network”, where Semmelweis University, Hungary acted as consortium leader and lead the activities of the international network. In this partnership, we assured opportunities for professional consultancy and policy dialogues with the aims of arranging knowledge transfer, sharing information, building professional networks meanwhile also emphasizing the important linkage between the results and the evidence-based and informed health policy interventions. Targeted country level support and consultation were provided for Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia during the SEPEN Joint Tender in order to develop their national health workforce planning systems.
支持领域 2
Semmelweis University WHO Collaborating Centre on HRH Development is committed to represent the professional program of the WHO in the European Region and beyond, as well as supporting the professional research and educational tasks.
支持领域 3
Hide [q2x2] 2.2. 贵国是否得到一个或多个世卫组织会员国、世卫组织秘书处或其他利益攸关方的技术或财政援助,支持实施《守则》?
2.2.1 促进实施《守则》的特别支助
2.2.2 支持加强卫生系统
2.2.3 支持卫生人员发展
2.2.4 没有得到支持
2.2.5 其它领域的支持:
Hide all

伙伴关系、技术合作和财政支持

Hide [q3] 3. 贵国政府或地方政府是否已就促进卫生人员的国际招聘和移徙达成双边、多边或区域协议和/或安排?
Hide [q3xTitle] 协议名称
標題 网络链接 上传协议全文
協議一 COOPERATION IN GRADUAL AND POSTGRAUDAL PATHOLOGY TRAINING PROGRAMS at SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY and KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET
協議二
協議3
協議4
協議5
Hide [q3xUploadx1]
Hide [q3xUploadx2]
Hide [q3xUploadx3]
Hide [q3xUploadx4]
Hide [q3xUploadx5]
Hide [q3xTOA] 如贵国无法分享协议全文,请填写右栏
协议类型 范围
COOPERATION IN GRADUAL AND POSTGRAUDAL PATHOLOGY TRAINING PROGRAMS at SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY and KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET (SQ001) 双边 (A1) 国家 (A1)
(SQ002)
(SQ003)
(SQ004)
(SQ005)
Hide [q3xMCA] 协议主要内容 (凡适用者皆列入)
教育和培训 机构能力建设 促进双向移徙 留用策略 对卫生人员的认可 招聘卫生人员 卫生保健设施的姊妹关系 其它机制(如可能则详述):
COOPERATION IN GRADUAL AND POSTGRAUDAL PATHOLOGY TRAINING PROGRAMS at SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY and KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET 1 1 1
Hide [q3xCHP] 卫生人员种类(凡适用者皆列入)
医生 护士 助产士 牙医 药剂师 其它(包括必要细节)
COOPERATION IN GRADUAL AND POSTGRAUDAL PATHOLOGY TRAINING PROGRAMS at SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY and KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET 1
Hide [q3xVP] 有效期
自: 至:
COOPERATION IN GRADUAL AND POSTGRAUDAL PATHOLOGY TRAINING PROGRAMS at SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY and KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET (SQ001) 2012 (2012) 2021 (A30)
(SQ002)
(SQ003)
(SQ004)
(SQ005)
Hide [q3xCN] 所涉国家
COOPERATION IN GRADUAL AND POSTGRAUDAL PATHOLOGY TRAINING PROGRAMS at SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY and KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET
Hungary, Sweden
Hide [q3xSYC] 贵国的协议签署方
外交部 卫生部 教育部 贸易部 劳工部 移民/内政部 其它(包括必要细节)
COOPERATION IN GRADUAL AND POSTGRAUDAL PATHOLOGY TRAINING PROGRAMS at SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY and KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET 1
Hide [q3xSYCOth] 貴國簽署協議(請註明:)
COOPERATION IN GRADUAL AND POSTGRAUDAL PATHOLOGY TRAINING PROGRAMS at SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY and KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET
Semmelweis University
Hide [q3xSPC] 伙伴国的协议签署方
外交部 卫生部 教育部 贸易部 劳工部 移民/内政部 其它(包括必要细节)
COOPERATION IN GRADUAL AND POSTGRAUDAL PATHOLOGY TRAINING PROGRAMS at SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY and KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET 1
Hide [q3xSPCOth] 合作夥伴國家的協議簽署人(請註明:)
COOPERATION IN GRADUAL AND POSTGRAUDAL PATHOLOGY TRAINING PROGRAMS at SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY and KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET
Karolinska Institutet
Hide [q3xCOP] 该协议是否明确参照《守则》?
COOPERATION IN GRADUAL AND POSTGRAUDAL PATHOLOGY TRAINING PROGRAMS at SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY and KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET
Hide [q3xPAP] 该协议是否体现了《守则》的原则和行为?
COOPERATION IN GRADUAL AND POSTGRAUDAL PATHOLOGY TRAINING PROGRAMS at SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY and KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET
Hide all

卫生人力发展和卫生系统可持续性

Hide [q4] 4. 贵国是否努力利用本国培训的卫生人员满足其卫生人员需要,并为此采取措施,包括在有最大需要的领域教育、留用和维持符合本国国情的卫生人力?
Hide [q4x1x] 4.1 卫生人力教育措施
Hide [q4x1]
4.1.1 管理生产
4.1.2 改善教育质量
4.1.3 加强监管
4.4 其它
Hide [q4x2x] 4.2 确保卫生人力可持续性*的措施
Hide [q4x2]
4.2.1 人力计划/预测
4.2.2 增加国内生产和教育机会
4.2.3 增加就业机会
4.2.4 管理卫生人员国际招聘
Different scholarship programmes for resident doctors (from 2011) and nurses (from 2017). The essence of these programmes is that the doctors or nurses participating in the program should work in the Hungarian public healthcare sector after the successful completion of the training as long as the benefit was granted. New regulation on the legal status of the health personnel in the public healthcare: In 2020 the Act on the legal relationship of the health service was approved, ensuring a major wage increase for physicians in the public healthcare sector from 2021. The new law grants a 120% salary increase to physicians in Hungary in three steps, reaching its maximum in January 2023.
其它
Hide [q4x3x] 4.3 处理卫生工作者地域分布不均和留用问题的措施*
Hide [q4x3]
4.3.1 教育(缺少卫生服务地区的教育机构;缺少卫生服务地区的学生;教育/职业发展规划中的相关专题;其它)
4.3.2 监管(强制性服务协议;附有服务协议的奖学金和教育津贴;扩大从业范围;任务转移;技能组合;其它)
4.3.3 激励措施(财政和非财政)
From 2015: Geographically different scholarship amount for certain professions (where there is a shortage in the given profession based on the hospital needs).
4.3.4 支助(体面、安全的生活和工作条件;职业发展机会;社会承认措施;其它)
Hide [q4x4x] 4.4 其它相关措施
Hide [q4x4] 请描述:
Financial measures to retain the health workforce Salary increasement measures for the health professionals working in the public sector. (In Hungary 95% of the health professionals employed in this sector). After the salary increasement measures has been introduced between 2012 and 2015, another four-year long salary increasement programme started in 2016. As of the 1st of September 2016 – as the first part of this programme – the salary was increased in all health professional categories. In case of specialist doctors and allied health professionals the basic wage and the related mobile elements were increased by an average of 27%. In 2017 the average salary increasement was 23.5% for doctors and 12% for the allied health professionals, whose salary has increased by an additional 8% in 2018. The salary increasement for allied health professionals continues: in 2018 another four-year long programme was approved. By 1 November 2020 the basic wage and the related mobile elements increased by an average 42% compared to the year of 2018.
Hide [q5] 5. 5. 贵国是否制定了专门政策和/或法律,用于指导在外国接受培训的卫生人员国际招聘、移徙和融入工作?
Hide [q6x] 6. 认识到其它政府实体的作用,卫生部是否有相关方式(如政策、机制、机构)在卫生人员国际招聘和移徙问题上进行跨部门监测和协调?
Hide [q7x] 7. 贵国是否就卫生人员的国际招聘和移徙建立了数据库,或汇编了法律法规,以及适当时与实施情况相关的信息?
Hide all

责任、权利和招聘做法

Hide [q8x] 8. 有哪些法律保障措施和/或其它机制来确保移徙卫生人员与在国内接受培训的卫生人员享有同样权利和负有同样责任?请从下表中勾选所有适用选项:
8.1 利用相关机制对移徙卫生人员进行国际招聘,此类机制有助于他们评估就业岗位上的利益和风险,并及时作出关于就业的知情决定
8.2 移徙卫生人员在与于国内接受培训的卫生人力平等的基础上,依据资历、工作年限和专业责任程度等客观标准获得雇用、提升和报酬
8.3 移徙卫生人员与在国内接受培训的卫生人力在加强专业教育、资历和职业发展方面拥有同等机会
8.4 其它机制,可能时请详述:
Hide [q9x] 9. 请本着自己的意愿,提交任何其它评论或信息,说明贵国已经采取或计划采取哪些法律、行政和其它措施,以确保对在外国接受培训和/或移民卫生人员的公平招聘和就业做法。
Additional regulations ensuring the fair employment of foreign trained health personnel: - System of personnel conditions in the Section 110 of the Act CLIV of 1997 on Health, - EU blue card - Salary regulation in the public healthcare sector.
Hide [q10x] 10. 关于在贵国境外工作的在国内接受培训/移居国外的卫生人员(移民),请提交任何评论或信息,说明贵国已经采取或计划采取哪些措施来确保对其公平招聘和就业做法,以及遇到哪些困难。
措施1
.
措施2
措施3
Hide all

卫生人员国际招聘和移徙数据

Hide [iq11] 提高数据的可得性和国际可比较性对于理解和处理全球卫生工作者移徙的动态至关重要。
Hide [q11] 11. 贵国是否有任何机制或实体负责保存在外国出生或接受培训的卫生人员的统计资料?
Hide [q11x1] 请描述:
In accordance with the Hungarian Act on Health, all persons possessing healthcare qualifications obtained at an accredited educational institution within Hungary, or obtained in another country and recognised or nostrificated in Hungary, shall be entered in the Basic Registry (a public register) after procurement of the degree or certificate.
Hide [iQ12] 12. 活跃卫生人员储备数据,按培训国和出生国分类
先前与世卫组织分享的数据可在这里查阅。请与贵国的国家卫生人力账户归口单位联系,并更新相关信息。

按照国家卫生人力账户指标1-07和1-08,请提供现有最近一年关于贵国卫生人员总储备的信息(最好是活跃劳动力1),按培训国(在外国接受培训)和出生国(在外国出生)分类。贵国如存在国家卫生人力账户归口单位,请与之联系,以确保报告的如下数据与国家卫生人力账户的报告保持一致。
Hide [q12x0] 12.1 活跃卫生人员综合储备
此项信息可通过下列三个选项之一提供。请选择您首选的数据输入方式:
选项A:填写下表
Hide [q12x1x1] 选项A:填写下表
請填寫紅色突出顯示的單元格。
总计 本国培训 外国培训 培训地点 不详 本国出生 外国出生 数据来源* 数据年份 数据是否体现活跃人员储备? 其它评论#
医生 31033 28486 2547 0 26564 4469 Operational Registry 2020 1 .
护士 65642 64586 1056 0 62562 3080 Operational Registry 2020 1 .
助产士 3594 3537 57 0 3394 200 Operastional Registry 2020 1 .
牙医 6539 5877 662 0 5159 1380 Operational Registry 2020 1 .
药剂师 7737 7444 293 0 6969 768 Operational Registry 2020 1 .
Hide [q12x1x3] 上传提供此类信息的任何格式的文件(例如pdf、excel、word)
Hide [q13x2] 12.2 对在外国接受培训的卫生人员进行培训的前10个国家
请提供对贵国在外国接受培训的卫生人员进行培训的前10个国家的数据 此项信息可通过下列三个选项之一提供:
Hide [q13x2x3] 上传提供此类信息的任何格式的文件(例如pdf、excel、word)
請上傳文件
Top 10 countries of training for foreign trained-health personnel_2020_Hungary
No comment
Hide all

COVID-19和卫生人员流动

Hide [q13] 13. 是否在国家或国家以下层面采取了与国际卫生人员临时或永久流动有关的COVID-19大流行应对措施?
13.1 与在外国接受培训或在外国出生的卫生人员入境或出境相关的国家或地方法规、政策或程序没有变化
13.2 为方便在外国接受培训或在外国出生的卫生人员入境和融入制定的国家和/或地方法规、政策或程序
13.3 为限制外国卫生人员入境制定的国家和/或地方法规、政策或程序
In addition to the general travel restrictions, a ban on termination of employment in the public healthcare sector was introduced in November 2020, in order to retain the health workforce during the public health emergency caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
13.4 其它
Hide [q14] 14. 在COVID-19大流行期间,贵国是否有监测卫生人员流入/流出贵国的机制?
流入
流出
没有
Hide [q14x1] 14.1 2019年和2020年,贵国新增(流入)了多少在外国接受培训或在外国出生的活跃(临时和/或永久)卫生人员?
医生 护士 助产士 牙医 药剂师 备注
数据来源(如监管当局、移民记录、工作许可证等)

请确保这两年的各类人员数据来源保持一致
Basic Register (public healthcare qualifications' register) Basic Register (public healthcare qualifications' register) Basic Register (public healthcare qualifications' register) Basic Register (public healthcare qualifications' register) Basic Register (public healthcare qualifications' register) The mechanism used is not COVID-specific, the number of foreign-trained healthcare personnel with recognised healthcare qualifications is considered as an indicator of the inflow of the health personnel in general.
2020年 92 71 35 22 1
2019年 123 46 57 60 0
Hide [q14x2] 14.2 2019年和2020年,有多少在国内接受培训的卫生人员(因临时或永久移徙)离开(流出)贵国?
医生 护士 助产士 牙医 药剂师 备注
数据来源(如良好信誉信、移民记录、政府间协议等)

请确保这两年的各类人员数据来源保持一致
Register for certificates issued for the recognition of healthcare qualifications abroad. Register for certificates issued for the recognition of healthcare qualifications abroad. Register for certificates issued for the recognition of healthcare qualifications abroad. Register for certificates issued for the recognition of healthcare qualifications abroad. Register for certificates issued for the recognition of healthcare qualifications abroad. The mechanism used is not COVID-specific, the number of healthcare personnel applied for certificates for the recognition of the healthcare qualification abroad (e.g. certificate of good standing) is considered as the indicator of the intention to work abroad only, therefore it has limited applicability to indicate the outflow.
2020年 680 216 174 46 34
2019年 718 238 197 54 22
Hide [q15] 15. 请列出在COVID-19大流行期间与符合伦理的卫生人员国际招聘相关的任何挑战

请描述(如主动招聘重症监护室人员)
第一项挑战
第二项挑战
第三项挑战
Hide all

限制、解决办法和补充评论

Hide [q16] 16. 请按照优先顺序,列举贵国对国际移徙进行符合伦理的管理的三个主要限制因素,并提出可能的解决办法:
主要限制因素 可能的解决办法/建议
Lack of automatic data exchange of MS Facilitating data exchange
Hide [q17] 17. 贵国是否需要特别支持来加强《守则》的实施?
17.1 支持加强数据和信息
17.2 支持政策对话和发展
17.3 支持制定双边/多边协议
17.4 其它领域的支持:
Hide [q18] 18. 请本着自己的意愿,就卫生人员的国际招聘和移徙,提交与《守则》的实施相关的任何其它补充评论或材料。
Semmelweis University significantly contributed to the international data and information collection regarding HRH data and policies. A mapping study was published abut health workforce planning and policies in the EU Member States: http://healthworkforce.eu/countrysheets/
Hide [q18x1] 请描述或上传
Hide all

謝謝你

Hide [iThank] 您已到達國家報告工具 - 2021 年的末尾。您可以返回任何問題以更新您的答案或通過單擊“提交”確認您的輸入。