国家报告文书（2024年）

The capacity of health care systems to provide health services and meet new demands for care is highly dependent on the availability of a flexible workforce with the appropriate skills. From this perspective, the shortage of healthcare professionals must be addressed on an international framework, as it is a critical issue not only in European countries, but also in many other parts of the world, at least for some professions. Beyond the "age issue", the real shortage concerns the DEMAND for services, care and therefore professionals, as also highlighted and underlined by the COVID 19 pandemic. Further, new challenges and new phenomena are to be considered, like the 'disaffection' of professionals for employment in NHS facilities. About less sought-after medical specialisations and unallocated specialisation contracts, the MoH is studying several actions in order to correct the current system and lead a redistribution of contracts in the aim of ensuring greater coverage of the most lacking and least attractive specializations and to respond effectively and efficiently to the needs for healthcare of the population. The need for a clearer and more specific contractual framework emerged during a number of audits held witht he representatives of the postgraduates, including a review of remuneration and contributions, but also benefits to support parenthood and other forms of insurance and social protection. About shortage of general practitioners connected to the age of these professionals and to a crisis of vocation, the MoH is studying to transforme the specific training course in general medicine into a medical specialisation school. About nursing shortage and vocational crisis, the MoH is studying measures to solve these issues by introducing, for instance, social security benefits. The situation is complicated, connected to several domestic issues and the text above couldn't be complete.

MoH is the competent authority of recognition of professional qualifications in the sanitary field. At the same time, MoH has a role of protector of the constitutional right to health, exercises the functions of the State in the following areas: protection of human health, coordination of the national health system, veterinary health, protection of health in the workplace, hygiene and safety. Italy does not actively recruit healthcare personnel, for example through agencies or private facilities. There is a system of quotas (by decreto flussi) that defines the maximum number of non Europeans who can work in Italy.

Principles of the Code are still in Italian Constitution and Italian regulation. Actually, our country does not recruit actively healthcare workers from other countries and the Code strengthens respect for human rights and the principle of collaboration.

The fact that Italy is not included in the list leads to a reflection on the role that countries with better living conditions can play with respect to the countries most at risk.