国家报告文书(2021年)

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背景

Hide [iBG] 2010年在第63届世界卫生大会(WHA63.16号决议)上通过的《世界卫生组织国际卫生人员招聘全球行为守则》(“《守则》”)旨在通过经改进的数据、信息和国际合作,加强对国际卫生人员招聘的理解和符合伦理的管理。

《守则》第7条鼓励世卫组织会员国交流关于卫生人员国际招聘和移徙的信息。还委托世卫组织总干事每三年向世界卫生大会作出报告。

2019年3月,世卫组织会员国完成了第三轮国家报告。2019年5月,世卫组织总干事向第七十二届世界卫生大会报告了实施进展情况(A72/23)。第三轮国家报告还为2020年向第七十三届世界卫生大会介绍的由会员国牵头的《守则》相关性和有效性审查(A73/9)提供了信息。

审查突出强调,通过有针对性的支持和保障实施《守则》是确保会员国在突发卫生事件和实现全民健康覆盖方面取得的进展有助于支持而不是损害其它国家的类似成就所必需的。鉴于该报告和WHA73(30)号决定中的考虑因素,世卫组织秘书处还编制了2020年卫生人力支持和保障清单

国家报告文书是以国家为基础的自我评估工具,目的是进行信息交流和《守则》监测。国家报告文书使世卫组织得以收集和交换有关卫生人员国际招聘和移徙的最新证据和信息。第四轮国家报告的结果将于2022年5月提交第七十五届世界卫生大会。鉴于COVID-19大流行仍在继续,国家报告文书(2021年)已进行了调整,以另外获取与大流行背景下卫生人员招聘和移徙相关的信息。

提交报告的截止日期为2021年8月31日。

如果国家主管部门因限于技术能力而无法填写在线调查问卷,可通过以下链接下载国家报告文书:http://www.who.int/hrh/migration/code/code_nri/en/。请完成国家报告文书并以电子方式或以硬拷贝形式送达以下地址:

Health Workforce Department
Universal Health Coverage and Health Systems
World Health Organization
20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27
Switzerland
hrhinfo@who.int

免责声明:通过国家报告文书收集的数据和信息将视第七十五届世界卫生大会的议事情况通过世卫组织网站予以公布。所收集的定量数据将通过国家卫生人力账户在线平台(http://www.who.int/hrh/statistics/nhwa/en/)进行更新和提供。
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免責聲明

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 For more information on WHO Data Policy kindly refer to http://www.who.int/publishing/datapolicy/en/
我已閱讀並理解世衛組織關於在突發公共衛生事件之外在會員國使用和共享世衛組織收集的數據的政策
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联系方式

Hide [q01b] 联系方式
國家
Norway
机构全称:
Norwegian Directorate of Health
国家指定主管部门名称:
Erik SIrnes
国家指定主管部门头衔:
Senior adviser
电话:
004798013027
电子邮件:
pbx160200asgh@helsedir.no,hrhinfo@who.int
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《守则》的实施

Hide [q1] 1. 贵国是否采取了步骤实施《守则》?(
Hide [q1x1x] 1.1 已采取行动,跨部门交流和分享卫生人员国际招聘和移徙信息,并在国家和/或国家以下地区相关部委、部门和机构宣传《守则》。
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行动 1
A "user manual" explaining the background and principles of the Code has been produced and the Code has been translated into Norwegian.
行动 2
Information seminars has been organized since 2011 and in 2015 a forum to discuss the Code and its implementation was formed. The forum has been inactive the last couple of years but will be re-activated after the pandemic.
行动 3
The intention of implementing the Code has been acknowledged in a government white paper.
Hide [q1x2x] 1.2 已经采取或考虑采取措施,参照《守则》的建议,修改法律或政策。
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措施 1
In trust meetings the Minister of Health has requested that the regional health authorities and its subordinates recruit health workers in accordance with the Code.
措施 2
The principles of the Code are promoted in the national guidelines for appointments by employers in the health and care services.
措施 3
Hide [q1x3x] 1.3 对主管当局批准在其管辖范围内工作的所有招聘者进行登记。
Hide [q1x4x] 1.4 如《守则》所要求,鼓励和提倡招聘机构的良好行为。
Hide [q1x4] 请描述:
1.4.1 在私营招聘机构中推广《守则》。
Recruitment agencies are invited to the forum on the code of practice (see 1.1) where they are encouraged to comply with the Code and be inspired by good practices.
1.4.2 按照《守则》的原则和条款,要求私营招聘机构的行为符合伦理的国内法律或政策。
1.4.3 对私营招聘机构符合伦理的行为进行公共或私人认证。
No public certification. The employer's association NHO Service has established ethical guidelines for its agencies and a certification of quality system.
1.4.4 其它
Hide [q1x5x] 1.5 已采取措施,在决策过程中与利益攸关方协商,并/或推动它们参与卫生人员国际招聘相关活动。
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措施 1
Relevant stakeholders are invited to the forum on the code of practice (see 1.1).
措施 2
措施 3
Hide [q1x6x] 1.6 其它步骤:
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伙伴关系、技术合作和财政支持

Hide [q2x1] 2.1. 贵国是否向一个或多个世卫组织会员国,尤其是发展中国家,或其他利益攸关方提供了技术或财政援助以支持实施《守则》?
2.1.1 促进实施《守则》的特别支助
2.1.2 支持加强卫生系统
Mostly through GFF, Gavi and GFATM (Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad) is the responsible authority). Some support has also been provided in Europe through the EEA Grants.
2.1.3 支持卫生人员发展
Mostly through The Norwegian Agency for Exchange Cooperation (Norec), GFF, Gavi, GFATM and bilateral support to Malawi and India. Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad) is the responsible authority.
2.1.4 没有提供支持
2.1.5 其它领域的支持:
Hide [q2x2] 2.2. 贵国是否得到一个或多个世卫组织会员国、世卫组织秘书处或其他利益攸关方的技术或财政援助,支持实施《守则》?
2.2.1 促进实施《守则》的特别支助
2.2.2 支持加强卫生系统
2.2.3 支持卫生人员发展
2.2.4 没有得到支持
2.2.5 其它领域的支持:
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伙伴关系、技术合作和财政支持

Hide [q3] 3. 贵国政府或地方政府是否已就促进卫生人员的国际招聘和移徙达成双边、多边或区域协议和/或安排?
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卫生人力发展和卫生系统可持续性

Hide [q4] 4. 贵国是否努力利用本国培训的卫生人员满足其卫生人员需要,并为此采取措施,包括在有最大需要的领域教育、留用和维持符合本国国情的卫生人力?
Hide [q4x1x] 4.1 卫生人力教育措施
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4.1.1 管理生产
4.1.2 改善教育质量
4.1.3 加强监管
Recommendations on education capacity adjusting are submitted to the education authorities annually, based on health workforce planning (see also 4.2). 5-year programs on capacity building in primary health care services.
4.4 其它
Hide [q4x2x] 4.2 确保卫生人力可持续性*的措施
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4.2.1 人力计划/预测
4.2.2 增加国内生产和教育机会
4.2.3 增加就业机会
4.2.4 管理卫生人员国际招聘
其它
Hide [q4x3x] 4.3 处理卫生工作者地域分布不均和留用问题的措施*
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4.3.1 教育(缺少卫生服务地区的教育机构;缺少卫生服务地区的学生;教育/职业发展规划中的相关专题;其它)
Flexible (decentralized, part-time and/or online-based) education. Universities and university colleges are allocated specific funding for a certain number of students in the various health care professions every year (in the national budget process). The amount of funding is therefore distributed geographically, at least partially with a view to the need for personnel in that area.
4.3.2 监管(强制性服务协议;附有服务协议的奖学金和教育津贴;扩大从业范围;任务转移;技能组合;其它)
Agreements to strengthen the general practitioner services and education of specialist in general medicine (ALIS).
4.3.3 激励措施(财政和非财政)
Grants for recruitment and economic incentives.
4.3.4 支助(体面、安全的生活和工作条件;职业发展机会;社会承认措施;其它)
Through local initiatives.
Hide [q4x4x] 4.4 其它相关措施
Hide [q5] 5. 5. 贵国是否制定了专门政策和/或法律,用于指导在外国接受培训的卫生人员国际招聘、移徙和融入工作?
Hide [q5x1] 5.1 如果回答“是”,请在下框中提供进一步信息。
法律/政策 1
The national guidelines for appointments by employers in the health and care services.
法律/政策2
法律/政策3
Hide [q6x] 6. 认识到其它政府实体的作用,卫生部是否有相关方式(如政策、机制、机构)在卫生人员国际招聘和移徙问题上进行跨部门监测和协调?
Hide [q6x1] 6.1 如果回答“是”,请在下框中提供进一步信息。
The Ministry of Health has delegated responsibility of monitoring to the Directorate of Health. Monitoring is conducted with the support of Statistics Norway (subordinate of the Ministry of Finance). The directorate have a dialogue with other relevant authorities in relation to the forum on implementation of the Code (see 1.1).
Hide [q7x] 7. 贵国是否就卫生人员的国际招聘和移徙建立了数据库,或汇编了法律法规,以及适当时与实施情况相关的信息?
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责任、权利和招聘做法

Hide [q8x] 8. 有哪些法律保障措施和/或其它机制来确保移徙卫生人员与在国内接受培训的卫生人员享有同样权利和负有同样责任?请从下表中勾选所有适用选项:
8.1 利用相关机制对移徙卫生人员进行国际招聘,此类机制有助于他们评估就业岗位上的利益和风险,并及时作出关于就业的知情决定
8.2 移徙卫生人员在与于国内接受培训的卫生人力平等的基础上,依据资历、工作年限和专业责任程度等客观标准获得雇用、提升和报酬
8.3 移徙卫生人员与在国内接受培训的卫生人力在加强专业教育、资历和职业发展方面拥有同等机会
8.4 其它机制,可能时请详述:
Hide [q8xoth] 8.4 請描述至少一種機制
机制 1
The Working Environment Act (Arbeidsmiljøloven) ensures that all employees have the same fundamental rights, regardless of background.
机制2
机制3
Hide [q9x] 9. 请本着自己的意愿,提交任何其它评论或信息,说明贵国已经采取或计划采取哪些法律、行政和其它措施,以确保对在外国接受培训和/或移民卫生人员的公平招聘和就业做法。
The Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority controls that all employers have fair employment practices, regardless of the employee's background, and that practices comply with the Working Environment Act. The Equality and Anti-Discrimination Ombudsman is a low threshold alternative to court proceedings in cases of discrimination.
Hide [q10x] 10. 关于在贵国境外工作的在国内接受培训/移居国外的卫生人员(移民),请提交任何评论或信息,说明贵国已经采取或计划采取哪些措施来确保对其公平招聘和就业做法,以及遇到哪些困难。
措施1
Norway is a primarily a destination country, and no measures are planned specifically to ensure fair recruitment abroad for emigrant personnel.
措施2
措施3
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卫生人员国际招聘和移徙数据

Hide [iq11] 提高数据的可得性和国际可比较性对于理解和处理全球卫生工作者移徙的动态至关重要。
Hide [q11] 11. 贵国是否有任何机制或实体负责保存在外国出生或接受培训的卫生人员的统计资料?
Hide [q11x1] 请描述:
Statistics Norway maintains a register on all employed (health) workers, with possibilities to connect with information on country of training and birth. The Norwegian Directorate of Health maintains a register on all health workers authorized to practice in Norway, including information on country of training.
Hide [iQ12] 12. 活跃卫生人员储备数据,按培训国和出生国分类
先前与世卫组织分享的数据可在这里查阅。请与贵国的国家卫生人力账户归口单位联系,并更新相关信息。

按照国家卫生人力账户指标1-07和1-08,请提供现有最近一年关于贵国卫生人员总储备的信息(最好是活跃劳动力1),按培训国(在外国接受培训)和出生国(在外国出生)分类。贵国如存在国家卫生人力账户归口单位,请与之联系,以确保报告的如下数据与国家卫生人力账户的报告保持一致。
Hide [q12x0] 12.1 活跃卫生人员综合储备
此项信息可通过下列三个选项之一提供。请选择您首选的数据输入方式:
选项B:下载填有已有数据的Excel表模板,并 上传更新后的数据
Hide [q12x1x2] 选项B:下载填有已有数据的Excel表模板,并 上传更新后的数据
請上傳文件

No comment
Hide [q12x1x3] 上传提供此类信息的任何格式的文件(例如pdf、excel、word)
Hide [q13x2] 12.2 对在外国接受培训的卫生人员进行培训的前10个国家
请提供对贵国在外国接受培训的卫生人员进行培训的前10个国家的数据 此项信息可通过下列三个选项之一提供:
选项B:下载 填有已有数据的Excel表模板,并 上传更新后的数据
Hide [q13x2x2] 选项B:下载 填有已有数据的Excel表模板,并 上传更新后的数据
請上傳文件(最大文件大小:5MB)

No comment
Hide [q13x2x3] 上传提供此类信息的任何格式的文件(例如pdf、excel、word)
請上傳文件
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COVID-19和卫生人员流动

Hide [q13] 13. 是否在国家或国家以下层面采取了与国际卫生人员临时或永久流动有关的COVID-19大流行应对措施?
13.1 与在外国接受培训或在外国出生的卫生人员入境或出境相关的国家或地方法规、政策或程序没有变化
13.2 为方便在外国接受培训或在外国出生的卫生人员入境和融入制定的国家和/或地方法规、政策或程序
To ease entry, critical personnel has been given exceptions for entry, quarantines and similar regulations for periods of time. This has especially applied to health workers commuting across the border. Students of health professions in Norway as well as the EEA has been given the opportunity to apply for a licence to practice with the purpose of working with covid-19 tasks.
13.3 为限制外国卫生人员入境制定的国家和/或地方法规、政策或程序
At the height of the pandemic health workers were prohibited to leave the country.
13.4 其它
Hide [q14] 14. 在COVID-19大流行期间,贵国是否有监测卫生人员流入/流出贵国的机制?
流入
流出
没有
Hide [q14x1] 14.1 2019年和2020年,贵国新增(流入)了多少在外国接受培训或在外国出生的活跃(临时和/或永久)卫生人员?
医生 护士 助产士 牙医 药剂师 备注
数据来源(如监管当局、移民记录、工作许可证等)

请确保这两年的各类人员数据来源保持一致
Statistics Norway (employment register) Statistics Norway (employment register) Statistics Norway (employment register) Statistics Norway (employment register) Statistics Norway (employment register) Based on foreign-training (includes both domestic-born and foreign-born health personnel). Includes foreign-trained employees registered in november 2019 and 2020, respectively, who were not registered the previous year.
2020年 1174 434 38 136 157
2019年 1206 420 30 133 143
Hide [q14x2] 14.2 2019年和2020年,有多少在国内接受培训的卫生人员(因临时或永久移徙)离开(流出)贵国?
医生 护士 助产士 牙医 药剂师 备注
数据来源(如良好信誉信、移民记录、政府间协议等)

请确保这两年的各类人员数据来源保持一致
Statistics Norway (employment register) Statistics Norway (employment register) Statistics Norway (employment register) Statistics Norway (employment register) Statistics Norway (employment register) The numbers are approximate: These are domestically-trained health personnel under the age of 74 who were active in 2018 and 2019, respectively, but not in following year. The majority has left the country but they might include some deceased health personnel.
2020年 23 96 6 4 5 The numbers are approximate: These are domestically-trained health personnel under the age of 74 who were active in 2019 but not in 2020. The majority has left the country but they might include some deceased health personnel.
2019年 38 113 3 3 7 The numbers are approximate: These are domestically-trained health personnel under the age of 74 who were active in 2018 but not in 2019. The majority has left the country but they might include some deceased health personnel.
Hide [q15] 15. 请列出在COVID-19大流行期间与符合伦理的卫生人员国际招聘相关的任何挑战

请描述(如主动招聘重症监护室人员)
第一项挑战
A lot of Scandinavian nurses (especially intensive care nurses) and midwives work in Norway for shorter or longer periods of time. During the pandemic it became a challenge crossing borders and it was also an ethical dilemma that the nurses were also needed in their country of training as the pandemic increased the need for nurses.
第二项挑战
第三项挑战
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限制、解决办法和补充评论

Hide [q16] 16. 请按照优先顺序,列举贵国对国际移徙进行符合伦理的管理的三个主要限制因素,并提出可能的解决办法:
主要限制因素 可能的解决办法/建议
A significant share of the health workforce in Norway is foreign-trained, indicating a certain level of reliance on foreign-trained personnel, which has been more noticeable during the pandemic. Increased educational capacity and completion rate for some professions and better utilization of existing workforce (e.g. more full-time employment, less turnover to other sectors) can decrease the pull-effect. The pull-effect do take place in Norway with its high wages, advanced health services and decent working environment.
While we have reason to believe that municipalities and public-sector hospitals recruit in accordance with the Code, we know less about the practices of recruitment agencies. These agencies offer personnel to the same municipalities and hospitals, especially during vacations. Recruitment agencies can be more actively involved and examined. Hospitals and municipalities are actively avoiding agencies with a bad reputation, and a system making it easier for employers to know which agencies are serious could be a solution.
While migration data has improved significantly lately, we still need more knowledge. For example, we know little about the motivation of migrants, and hence we do not know if the migration is a result of active recruitment. Also, we don't know enough about migration patterns and the extent of the domino effect. The data shows that Norway is not recruiting from the most vulnerable countries, but we don't know if we contribute to brain-drain in these countries through the domino effect. A continued focus on strengthening international migration data and research.
Hide [q17] 17. 贵国是否需要特别支持来加强《守则》的实施?
17.1 支持加强数据和信息
17.2 支持政策对话和发展
17.3 支持制定双边/多边协议
17.4 其它领域的支持:
Hide [q18] 18. 请本着自己的意愿,就卫生人员的国际招聘和移徙,提交与《守则》的实施相关的任何其它补充评论或材料。

Hide [q18x1] 请描述或上传
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謝謝你

Hide [iThank] 您已到達國家報告工具 - 2021 年的末尾。您可以返回任何問題以更新您的答案或通過單擊“提交”確認您的輸入。