国家报告文书（2024年）

Planning the number of state-funded residents is used on a yearly basis. Forecasts were also made on an occasional basis regarding the number of nurses in the next 5 to10 years.

In the fall of 2022, the medical specialist training was revised both in terms of the content and the duration of trainings, having regard to the requirements laid down by the Directive 2005/36/EC. Based on the amendment, as the training progresses, residents acquire competencies that can be independently mastered, enabling them to be involved earlier in on-call and other patient care tasks, provided that appropriate specialist supervision is ensured. According to the amendment, during the step-by-step medical specialist training, upon completion of certain training elements, residents are given the opportunity to acquire competencies and the authorization to perform certain procedures and specialized examinations. The various qualifications are not composed of core training and practical periods but are instead divided into levels, with residents taking partial exams between each level. The Hungarian vocational training system has undergone significant reforms in recent years, aiming to create a more practice-oriented education that better aligns with labor market needs. As part of the reform, Vocational Training Centers were established to unify vocational secondary schools and training institutions. The training programs have been modularized, allowing for greater flexibility to adapt to changing demands. In the field of healthcare education, there have also been updates. Educational programs have been modernized, with an increased focus on practical training, including the use of digital technologies. Students in healthcare professions now have more opportunities for practical training in real workplace environments, which helps them acquire professional skills more effectively. The goal of the reform is to better prepare graduates for labor market challenges and professional development.

According to the relevant legal regulation The management of a public healthcare institution may be entrusted to an individual who has a university-level qualification in (medical science or another field), holds a qualification in healthcare management obtained through a master's program and has at least five years of managerial experience. The healthcare manager training consist of subjects like health management, health systems, health human resource management, health safety and quality management, etc.

Chapter XIV of the Act on Health regulates the general rules of Healthcare Crisis Management and Healthcare Emergency Management

In higher education, the training for doctors, dentists and pharmacists is provided in Budapest and three rural universities (Debrecen, Pécs, Szeged), while other higher healthcare training programmes (e.g. nurse, health visitor, etc.) are also available at other rural universities (e.g. in Győr, Miskolc or Gödöllő). Vocational training is provided by vocational training centers that are covering the entire territory of the country. The courses offered are determined based on the regional needs of the health sector.

Health training courses are accessible for students in vocational training centers that are operating in or nearby rural areas.

Different scholarship programmes for resident doctors (from 2011) and nurses (between 2017 and 2022). The essence of these programmes is that the doctors or nurses participating in the program should work in the Hungarian public healthcare sector after the successful completion of the training as long as the scholarship was granted.

Different scholarship programmes for resident doctors (from 2011) and nurses (between 2017 and 2022). The essence of these programmes is that the doctors or nurses participating in the program should work in the Hungarian public healthcare sector after the successful completion of the training as long as the scholarship was granted.

Nurses: Advanced practice nurse training was introduced in 2018 and the following specializations can be obtained: • emergency nurse • geriatric specialist nurse • community nurse • intensive specialist nurse • perioperative nurse Medical residents: According to the current legislation (in force since 2022), during the step-by-step medical specialist training, upon completion of certain training elements and by taking partial exams, residents are given the opportunity to acquire competencies and the authorization to perform certain procedures and specialized examinations independently before obtaining the specialist qualification.

New regulation on the legal status of the health personnel in the public healthcare: In 2020 the Act on the legal relationship of the health service was approved, ensuring a major wage increase for physicians in the public healthcare sector from 2021. The new law granted a 120% salary increase to physicians in Hungary in three steps, reaching its maximum in January 2023. Wage increasement for nurses and allied health professional between 2019-2022 and 2023-2024. The aim of the last measure is that the rate of the average wage of nurses and allied health prfessionals should reach 37% of the average wage of doctors by March 2024.

Government Decree No. 118/2001 (June 30) on the Registration and Conditions for the Operation of Private Employment Agencies regulates the registration of recruitment companies. The register covers all sectors, including companies specialised at the recruitment of healthcare professionals.

The conditions of practicing in the healthcare sector apply equally to both domestic and migrant workers. These include: - Possession of a healthcare qualification obtained in Hungary or a foreign qualification recognized in Hungary, - active chamber membership for nurses and allied health professionals and pharmacists, - valid operational registration (mandatory continuing professional education). In the state healthcare system, the remuneration of doctors, dentists, pharmacists, nurses, and other healthcare professionals is based on a pay scale. The medical pay scale determines advancement based on the professional experience, while the pay scale for nurses and allied health professionals categorizes pay bands according to the level of healthcare qualification. When determining the basic salary, the employer may consider the years of professional experience and any additional qualifications or skills used during the professional’s healthcare activities.

The best practices of existing bilateral cooperation can serve as a good example for Hungary as well.