Development and implementation of a memorandum of understanding (MOU) or other similar framework outlining the roles, responsibilities, and best practices for sharing relevant information between and among appropriate human and animal health, law enforcement, and defense personnel. Ensure validation of the MOU through periodic exercises and simulations to test rapid, multi‐sectorial response to potential public threat incidents. In collaboration with FAO, International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL), OIE, WHO, individual Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention State Parties, the United Nations Secretary‐General's Mechanism for Investigation of Alleged Use of Chemical and Biological Weapons (UNSGM), and other relevant regional and international organizations as appropriate, countries will develop and implement model systems to conduct and support joint criminal and epidemiological investigations to identify and respond to suspected biological incidents of deliberate origin.