Indicators of SPAR and JEE related to the capacity to respond promptly and effectively to public health risks and public health emergencies of international concern, including at points of entry (IHR Art.13 and Annex 1)

Donors and partners can include Member States, intergovernmental organizations, development banks, institutes, non-state actors and others who provide financial assistance and/or expertise to assist countries in strengthening and maintaining capacities to prevent, detect and respond to public health risks and threats.

National planning helps to determine what actions should be taken in the coming weeks, months and years to prevent, detect and respond to risks and threats. Actions can be identified through all-hazards National Action Plans for Health Security (NAPHS), disease-specific plans, contingency plans and other sources.