Chapter 2.6 The current state of the evidence: Mapping the evidence and systematic reviews
Chapter 2.6 describes the importance of the following when considering the current state of the evidence and systematic reviews as a source of information for research in health emergency and disaster risk management (Health EDRM):
- The essential elements of Health EDRM as they pertain to various stages of the emergency management continuum.
- The current level of research and available evidence to standardize the application and practice of these essential elements in Health EDRM.
- The optimal modalities for generating additional evidence for elements currently deemed deficient.
- The barriers and difficulties in conducting systematic reviews and research during emergencies and disasters.
What is this chapter about?
Optimal application of sound and effective interventions in disasters and other health emergencies requires reliable and robust evidence from research. Systematic reviews of good quality research can help decision-makers identify efficient and effective practices for use during different phases of the disaster management cycle.
Chapter 2.6 describes three main types of systematic review: statistical meta-analysis, narrative systematic reviews and qualitative synthesis that might be used to improve the evidence base for Health EDRM. It describes the steps and tools used for preparing systematic reviews and outlines how Cochrane reviews can be used for various aspects of decision-making about health and health care. There are also case studies presenting the findings of a systematic review and discussing the evidence base from systematic reviews for specific topics related to Health EDRM.
Case studies presented in the chapter:
- Cochrane and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR).
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of mental health and psychosocial support interventions on people affected by humanitarian emergencies.
- Existing evidence from systematic reviews on violence in disasters.
Authors: Shaikh IA, Davies P, Man A.
