WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation	2008	Department of Primary Health Care, University of Oxford, Rosemary Rue Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK, OX3 7LF. kate.cahill@dphpc.ox.ac.uk	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 16-Jul Volume (3):CD006103. doi Issue 3 Start Page CD006103 Other Pages Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 100909747; 0 (Alkaloids); 0 (Azocines); 0 (Benzazepines); 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); 0 (Quinolizines); 0 (Quinoxalines); 01ZG3TPX31 (Bupropion); 53S5U404NU (cytisine); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); W6HS99O8ZO (Varenicline); UIN: Cochrane Database Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 18646137 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD006103.pub3 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18646137 Abstract BACKGROUND: Nicotine receptor partial agonists may help people to stop smoking by a combination of maintaining moderate levels of dopamine to counteract withdrawal symptoms (acting as an agonist) and reducing smoking satisfaction (acting as an antagonist). Varenicline was developed as a nicotine receptor partial agonist from cytisine, a drug widely used in central and eastern Europe for smoking cessation. The first trial reports of varenicline were released in 2006, and further trials have now been published or are currently are underway. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this review is to assess the efficacy and tolerability of nicotine receptor partial agonists, including varenicline and cytisine, for smoking cessation. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group's specialised register for trials, using the terms ('varenicline' or 'cytisine' or 'Tabex' or 'nicotine receptor partial agonist') and 'smoking' in the title or abstract, or as keywords. We also searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL using MeSH terms and free text, and we contacted authors of trial reports for additional information where necessary. The latest search was in March 2008. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomized controlled trials which compared the treatment drug with placebo. We also included comparisons with bupropion and nicotine patches where available. We excluded trials which did not report a minimum follow-up period of six months from start of treatment. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data in duplicate on the type of participants, the dose and duration of treatment, the outcome measures, the randomization procedure, concealment of allocation, and completeness of follow up. The main outcome measured was abstinence from smoking after at least six months from the beginning of treatment. We used the most rigorous definition of abstinence, and preferred biochemically validated rates where they were reported. Where appropriate we performed meta-analysis to produce a risk ratio, using the Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effect model. MAIN RESULTS: We found seven trials of varenicline compared with placebo for smoking cessation; three of these also included a bupropion experimental arm. We found one relapse prevention trial, comparing varenicline with placebo. We also found one open-label trial comparing varenicline with nicotine replacement therapy. The nine trials covered 7267 participants, 4744 of whom used varenicline. We identified one trial of cytisine (Tabex) for inclusion. The pooled risk ratio (RR) for continuous abstinence at six months or longer for varenicline versus placebo was 2.33 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.95 to 2.80). The pooled RR for varenicline versus bupropion at one year was 1.52 (95% CI 1.22 to 1.88). The RR for varenicline versus NRT at one year was 1.31 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.71). The two trials which tested the use of varenicline beyond the 12-week standard regimen found the drug to be well-tolerated during long-term use. The main adverse effect of varenicline was nausea, which was mostly at mild to moderate levels and usually subsided over time. Post-marketing safety data suggest that varenicline may be associated with depressed mood, agitation, and suicidal behaviour or ideation. The labelling of varenicline has been amended, and the FDA is conducting a safety review. The one cytisine trial included in this review found that more participants taking cytisine stopped smoking compared with placebo at two-year follow up, with an RR of 1.61 (95% CI 1.24 to 2.08). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Varenicline increased the chances of successful long-term smoking cessation between two- and threefold compared with pharmacologically unassisted quit attempts. More participants quit successfully with varenicline than with bupropion. One open-label trial of varenicline versus nicotine replacement therapy demonstrated a modest benefit of varenicline. The effectivenes Descriptors Alkaloids/therapeutic use, Azocines/therapeutic use, Benzazepines/adverse effects/therapeutic use, Bupropion/therapeutic use, Humans, Nicotine/antagonists & inhibitors, Nicotinic Agonists/adverse effects/therapeutic use, Quinolizines/therapeutic use, Quinoxalines/adverse effects/therapeutic use, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Smoking/drug therapy, Smoking Cessation/methods, Varenicline Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Cahill,K., Stead,L. F., Lancaster,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080716 PMCID Editors
Activity of caspofungin and voriconazole against clinical isolates of Candida and other medically important yeasts by the CLSI M-44A disk diffusion method with Neo-Sensitabs tablets	2008	Departamento de Microbiologia, ACIA, Barcelona, Spain. acarrillo@ya.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Chemotherapy Periodical, Abbrev. Chemotherapy Pub Date Free Form Volume 54 Issue 1 Start Page 38 Other Pages 42 Notes LR: 20141120; CI: (c) 2007; JID: 0144731; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Pyrimidines); 0 (Triazoles); 304NUG5GF4 (Itraconazole); 7XU7A7DROE (Amphotericin B); 8VZV102JFY (Fluconazole); F0XDI6ZL63 (caspofungin); JFU09I87TR (Voriconazole); R940 Place of Publication Switzerland ISSN/ISBN 1421-9794; 0009-3157 Accession Number PMID: 18073469 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM DOI 000112414 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18073469 Abstract In vitro activity of caspofungin and voriconazole against 184 clinical isolates of Candida and other medically important yeasts in comparison with that of fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole and amphotericin B was determined by using a disk diffusion method (Neo-Sensitabs) standardized according to the recommendations of the CLSI documents M44-A and M44-S1 (same medium: Mueller-Hinton plus methylene blue; inoculum and minimal inhibitory concentration/zone breakpoints). Seventy-two percent of clinical isolates were susceptible to caspofungin, 23.6% showed an intermediate susceptibility (most of them were Candida parapsilosis) and 4.3% were resistant (values for Candida spp. were 71.2, 23.8 and 5%, respectively). For voriconazole, 96.7% of clinical isolates were susceptible and 3.3% were resistant (Candida spp.: 96 and 3.8%, respectively). Both caspofungin and voriconazole showed high activity against a wide variety of clinically important yeasts. Descriptors Amphotericin B/pharmacology, Antifungal Agents/pharmacology, Candida/drug effects, Cryptococcus/drug effects, Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Echinocandins/pharmacology, Fluconazole/pharmacology, Itraconazole/pharmacology, Ketoconazole/pharmacology, Pyrimidines/pharmacology, Rhodotorula/drug effects, Triazoles/pharmacology, Trichosporon/drug effects, Voriconazole Links Book Title Database Publisher S. Karger AG, Basel Data Source Authors Carrillo-Munoz,A. J., Quindos,G., del Valle,O., Santos,P., Giusiano,G., Ezkurra,P. A., Estivill,M. D., Casals,J. B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20071210 PMCID Editors
Is concern about waterpipe tobacco smoking warranted?	2008		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Aust N Z J Public Health Periodical, Abbrev. Aust.N.Z.J.Public Health Pub Date Free Form Volume 32 Issue 2 Start Page 181 Other Pages 2 Notes ID: 18412692 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors Health Promotion, Smoking, Social Marketing, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Adolescent, Adult, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, New South Wales Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.2008.00198.x Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Carroll,Therese, Poder,Natasha, Perusco,Andrew Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Diversity of lactic acid bacteria in fermented brines used to make stinky tofu	2008	Institute of Biochemistry, National Yang-Ming University, 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong Street, Pei-Tou, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of food microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Food Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form 31-Mar Volume 123 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 134 Other Pages 141 Notes LR: 20081121; JID: 8412849; 0 (DNA, Ribosomal); 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S); 2007/04/17 [received]; 2007/11/30 [revised]; 2007/12/18 [accepted]; 2008/01/30 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0168-1605; 0168-1605 Accession Number PMID: 18234387 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.12.010 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18234387 Abstract Stinky tofu is a kind of fermented tofu with a strong odor. Although stinky tofu is a very popular snack in the Asian region, the community of microbes, and especially lactic acid bacteria (LAB), indigenous to the fermented brine from which it is made remains poorly described. We examined 168 isolates obtained from the original fermented brine (brine A) and two brines in which the hard tofu (brine B) and soft tofu (brine C) had been soaked. Through random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis for typing and 16S rDNA sequencing, 136 representative strains were identified as belonging to 7 genera and 32 species: Enterococcus (2 species), Lactobacillus (14 species), Lactococcus (3 species), Leuconostoc (6 species), Pediococcus (1 species), Streptococcus (2 species), and Weissella (4 species). The LAB composition of brine A was the most diverse: 19 different species were isolated, and 9 of them were classified as Lactobacillus species. The 16S rDNA sequences of 9 strains (6 from brine A and 3 from brine C) showed low values of similarity (below 98%) with currently known species by analysis using the FASTA software. Thus, a wide variety of LAB strains were associated with the fermentation of stinky tofu brines. Descriptors DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry/genetics, Fermentation, Gene Amplification, Genetic Variation, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Lactobacillus/classification/genetics/isolation & purification, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/analysis, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique/methods, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Soy Foods/microbiology, Species Specificity Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Chao,S. H., Tomii,Y., Watanabe,K., Tsai,Y. C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080130 PMCID Editors
Effect of exercise therapy on lipid profile and oxidative stress indicators in patients with type 2 diabetes	2008	Department of Medicine, University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica. lorenzogordon@yahoo.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC complementary and alternative medicine Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Complement.Altern.Med. Pub Date Free Form 13-May Volume 8 Issue Start Page 21 Other Pages 8/21/6882 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 101088661; 0 (Biomarkers); 0 (Cholesterol, HDL); 0 (Cholesterol, LDL); 0 (Cholesterol, VLDL); 0 (Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated); 0 (Lipids); 0 (Triglycerides); 4Y8F71G49Q (Malondialdehyde); EC 1.11.1.9 (Glutathione Peroxidase); EC 1.15.1.1 Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1472-6882; 1472-6882 Accession Number PMID: 18477407 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/1472-6882-8-21 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18477407 Abstract BACKGROUND: Yoga has been shown to be a simple and economical therapeutic modality that may be considered as a beneficial adjuvant for type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study investigated the impact of Hatha yoga and conventional physical training (PT) exercise regimens on biochemical, oxidative stress indicators and oxidant status in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: This prospective randomized study consisted of 77 type 2 diabetic patients in the Hatha yoga exercise group that were matched with a similar number of type 2 diabetic patients in the conventional PT exercise and control groups. Biochemical parameters such as fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were determined at baseline and at two consecutive three monthly intervals. The oxidative stress indicators (malondialdehyde - MDA, protein oxidation - POX, phospholipase A2 - PLA2 activity) and oxidative status [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities] were measured. RESULTS: The concentrations of FBG in the Hatha yoga and conventional PT exercise groups after six months decreased by 29.48% and 27.43% respectively (P < 0.0001) and there was a significant reduction in serum TC in both groups (P < 0.0001). The concentrations of VLDL in the managed groups after six months differed significantly from baseline values (P = 0.036). Lipid peroxidation as indicated by MDA significantly decreased by 19.9% and 18.1% in the Hatha yoga and conventional PT exercise groups respectively (P < 0.0001); whilst the activity of SOD significantly increased by 24.08% and 20.18% respectively (P = 0.031). There was no significant difference in the baseline and 6 months activities of PLA2 and catalase after six months although the latter increased by 13.68% and 13.19% in the Hatha yoga and conventional PT exercise groups respectively (P = 0.144). CONCLUSION: The study demonstrate the efficacy of Hatha yoga exercise on fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, oxidative stress markers and antioxidant status in patients with type 2 diabetes and suggest that Hatha yoga exercise and conventional PT exercise may have therapeutic preventative and protective effects on diabetes mellitus by decreasing oxidative stress and improving antioxidant status. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN12608000217303. Descriptors Adult, Aged, Biomarkers/blood, Cholesterol, HDL/blood, Cholesterol, LDL/blood, Cholesterol, VLDL/blood, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood/therapy, Exercise Therapy/methods, Female, Glutathione Peroxidase/blood, Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated/analysis, Humans, Lipid Peroxidation, Lipids/blood, Male, Malondialdehyde/blood, Middle Aged, Oxidative Stress, Prospective Studies, Superoxide Dismutase/blood, Treatment Outcome, Triglycerides/blood, Yoga Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Gordon,L. A., Morrison,E. Y., McGrowder,D. A., Young,R., Fraser,Y. T., Zamora,E. M., Alexander-Lindo,R. L., Irving,R. R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080513 PMCID PMC2390515 Editors
Italy and Austria before and after study: second-hand smoke exposure in hospitality premises before and after 2 years from the introduction of the Italian smoking ban	2008	Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology Unit, Center for Study and Prevention of Cancer (CSPO), Florence, Italy. g.gorini@cspo.it	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Indoor air Periodical, Abbrev. Indoor Air Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 18 Issue 4 Start Page 328 Other Pages 334 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9423515; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 2008/04/21 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Denmark ISSN/ISBN 1600-0668; 0905-6947 Accession Number PMID: 18429994 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2008.00534.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18429994 Abstract The aim of this paper was to compare nicotine concentration in 28 hospitality premises (HPs) in Florence and Belluno, Italy, where a smoking ban was introduced in 2005, and in 19 HPs in Vienna, Austria, where no anti-smoking law entered into force up to now. Airborne nicotine concentrations were measured in the same HPs in winter 2002 or 2004 (pre-ban measurements) and winter 2007 (post-ban measurements). In Florence and Belluno, medians decreased significantly (P < 0.001) from 8.86 [interquartile range (IQR): 2.41-45.07)] before the ban to 0.01 microg/m3 (IQR: 0.01-0.41) afterwards. In Austria (no smoking ban) the medians collected in winters 2004 and 2007 were, respectively, 11.00 (IQR: 2.53-30.38) and 15.76 microg/m3 (IQR: 2.22-31.93), with no significant differences. Measurements collected in winter 2007 in 28 HPs located in Naples, Turin, Milan (0.01 microg/m3; IQR: 0.01-0.16) confirmed post-ban results in Florence and Belluno. The medians of nicotine concentrations in Italy and Austria before the Italian ban translates, using the risk model of Repace and Lowery, into a lifetime excess lung cancer mortality risk for hospitality workers of 11.81 and 14.67 per 10,000, respectively. Lifetime excess lung cancer mortality risks for bar and disco-pub workers were 10-20 times higher than that calculated for restaurant workers, both in Italy and Austria. In winter 2007, it dropped to 0.01 per 10,000 in Italy, whereas in Austria it remained at the same levels. The drop of second-hand smoke exposure indicates a substantial improvement in air quality in Italian HPs even after 2 years from the ban. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The nation-wide smoking ban introduced in Italy on January 10, 2005, resulted in a drop in second-hand smoke exposure in hospitality premises, whereas in Austria, where there is no similar nation-wide smoking ban, the exposure to second-hand smoke in hospitality premises remains high. Given that second-hand smoke is considered a group 1 carcinogen according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer classification, the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control strongly recommends the implementation of nation-wide smoke-free policies in order to improve the indoor air quality of hospitality premises and workplaces. Results from our study strongly supports this recommendation. Descriptors Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Austria, Humans, Italy, Nicotine/analysis, Restaurants, Smoking/legislation & jurisprudence, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Gorini,G., Moshammer,H., Sbrogio,L., Gasparrini,A., Nebot,M., Neuberger,M., Tamang,E., Lopez,M. J., Galeone,D., Serrahima,E., Italy & Austria Before and After Study Working Group Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080421 PMCID Editors
Legionella species colonization of water distribution systems, pools and air conditioning systems in cruise ships and ferries	2008	Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece. goutzianag@med.uth.gr	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 24-Nov Volume 8 Issue Start Page 390 Other Pages 2458-8-390 Notes LR: 20140902; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC2605755; 2008/06/10 [received]; 2008/11/24 [accepted]; 2008/11/24 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 19025638 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-8-390 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19025638 Abstract BACKGROUND: Legionnaires' disease continues to be a public health concern in passenger ships. This study was scheduled in order to investigate Legionella spp. colonization of water distribution systems (WDS), recreational pools, and air-conditioning systems on board ferries and cruise ships in an attempt to identify risk factors for Legionella spp. colonization associated with ship water systems and water characteristics. METHODS: Water systems of 21 ferries and 10 cruise ships including WDS, air conditioning systems and pools were investigated for the presence of Legionella spp. RESULTS: The 133 samples collected from the 10 cruise ships WDS, air conditioning systems and pools were negative for Legionella spp. Of the 21 ferries WDS examined, 14 (66.7%) were legionellae-positive. A total of 276 samples were collected from WDS and air conditioning systems. Legionella spp. was isolated from 37.8% of the hot water samples and 17.5% of the cold water samples. Of the total 96 positive isolates, 87 (90.6%) were L. pneumophila. Legionella spp. colonization was positively associated with ship age. The temperature of the hot water samples was negatively associated with colonization of L. pneumophila serogroup (sg) 1 and that of L. pneumophila sg 2 to 14. Increases in pH >/=7.8 and total plate count > or =400 CFU/L, correlated positively with the counts of L. pneumophila sg 2 to 14 and Legionella spp. respectively. Free chlorine of > or =0.2 mg/L inhibited colonization of Legionella spp. CONCLUSION: WDS of ferries can be heavily colonized by Legionella spp. and may present a risk of Legionnaires' disease for passengers and crew members. Guidelines and advising of Legionnaires' disease prevention regarding ferries are needed, in particular for operators and crew members. Descriptors Air Conditioning, Colony Count, Microbial, Environmental Monitoring, Legionella/classification/isolation & purification, Leisure Activities, Ships, Swimming Pools, Water Microbiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Goutziana,G., Mouchtouri,V. A., Karanika,M., Kavagias,A., Stathakis,N. E., Gourgoulianis,K., Kremastinou,J., Hadjichristodoulou,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20081124 PMCID PMC2605755 Editors
Reliability of internet- versus telephone-administered questionnaires in a diverse sample of smokers	2008	Georgetown University Medical Center / Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, 3300 Whitehaven St, NW, Milton Harris Bldg, Suite 4100, Washington, DC 20007, USA. alg45@georgetown.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of medical Internet research Periodical, Abbrev. J.Med.Internet Res. Pub Date Free Form 26-Mar Volume 10 Issue 1 Start Page e8 Other Pages Notes LR: 20151119; ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT00282009; GR: R01 CA104836/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA104836-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 100959882; OID: NLM: PMC2483847; 2007/10/28 [received]; 2008/02/20 [accepted]; 2008/02/07 [revised]; epubli Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1438-8871; 1438-8871 Accession Number PMID: 18364345 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; IM DOI 10.2196/jmir.987 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18364345 Abstract BACKGROUND: Smoking is more prevalent among lower-income individuals and certain racial/ethnic minorities. Addressing tobacco cessation among diverse populations is an urgent public health priority. As Internet use continues to rise among all segments of the US population, Web-based interventions have enormous potential to reach priority populations. Conducting Web-based smoking cessation research in priority populations requires psychometrically sound measurement instruments. To date, only one published study has examined the psychometric properties of Internet-administered measures commonly used in Web-based cessation trials. However, the sample was homogeneous with regard to race/ethnicity and income. We sought to replicate and extend these findings in a more diverse sample of smokers. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to examine the internal consistency and test-retest reliability of measures commonly used in smoking cessation clinical trials among racial/ethnic minorities and smokers with lower income. METHODS: Participants were enrolled in a randomized trial of the efficacy of an Internet smoking cessation program between June 2005 and September 2006. Following a baseline telephone assessment and randomization into the parent trial, participants were recruited to the reliability substudy. In phase I of recruitment, all participants in the parent trial were recruited to the substudy; in phase II, all consecutive racial/ethnic minority participants in the parent trial were recruited. Race and ethnicity were assessed via self-report using two standard items from the US Office of Management and Budget. An email was sent 2 days after the telephone assessment with a link to the Internet survey. Measures examined were quit methods, perceived stress, depression, social support, smoking temptations, alcohol use, perceived health status, and income. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability of Internet- versus telephone-administered measures were examined within four strata defined by race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, racial/ethnic minority) and annual household income (US $40,000 or less, more than $40,000). RESULTS: Of the 442 individuals invited, 319 participated (72% response rate): 52.4% were non-Hispanic White, 22.9% Black, 11.6% Hispanic, 7.8% Asian, 4.4% American Indian / Alaska Native, and 1% Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander. About half (49.4%) reported an annual household income of US $40,000 or less, and 25.7% had a high school degree or less. Test-retest reliability was satisfactory to excellent across all strata for the majority of measures examined: 9 of 12 continuous variables had intraclass correlation coefficients > or = 0.70, and 10 of 18 binary variables and both ordinal variables had kappa coefficients > or = 0.70. Test-retest reliability of several quit methods varied across strata. CONCLUSIONS: Race/ethnicity and income do not affect the psychometric properties of most Internet-administered measures examined. This knowledge adds to the confidence of conducting Web-based smoking cessation research and strengthens the scientific rigor of collecting information via the Internet on racial/ethnic minority and low-income subgroups. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov NCT00282009 (parent trial). Descriptors Adult, Confidence Intervals, Female, Health Behavior/ethnology, Humans, Internet/utilization, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Education as Topic/methods, Patient Participation/statistics & numerical data, Poverty, Psychometrics, Referral and Consultation/statistics & numerical data, Reproducibility of Results, Smoking/ethnology, Smoking Cessation/ethnology/methods, Surveys and Questionnaires, Telephone/utilization, Tobacco Use Disorder/ethnology/rehabilitation, Treatment Outcome, United States/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Graham,A. L., Papandonatos,G. D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080326 PMCID PMC2483847 Editors
Potential reduced exposure products (PREPs) for smokeless tobacco users: clinical evaluation methodology	2008	Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0205, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 10 Issue 9 Start Page 1441 Other Pages 1448 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: CA103827/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA103827/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA103827-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 0 (Biomarkers); 0 (Carcinogens); 0 (Nitrosamines); 64091-91-4 (4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamin Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1462-2203; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 19023835 Language eng SubFile Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1080/14622200802323258 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19023835 Abstract Several potential reduced exposure products (PREPs) for smokeless tobacco (SLT) users are marketed in the United States, though their effects are largely unknown. These products include some that are low in tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNs), like Stonewall, a pressed tobacco tablet, and General snus, a moist snuff product produced in Sweden. Methodology assessing the toxicant exposure and effects of cigarette-like PREPs for smokers has been developed, and might be modified for use in evaluating PREPs for SLT users. This report describes two studies examining the toxicant exposure and effects of two PREPs for SLT users. Study 1 (n = 13) consisted of four 4.5-hr laboratory sessions where SLT products (own brand, Stonewall, General snus, and tobacco-free placebo) were used for four 30-min episodes and nicotine exposure and tobacco/nicotine abstinence symptoms were measured. Study 2 (n = 19) consisted of four 5-day ad libitum use periods when participants used own brand, Stonewall, General snus, or no SLT and urinary levels of metabolites of nicotine (cotinine) and the TSN 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNAL) and abstinence symptoms were measured. Compared with own brand, Stonewall was associated with lower levels of cotinine and NNAL, while General snus was associated with similar levels of cotinine and lower levels of NNAL. Abstinence symptoms generally did not differ across tobacco conditions. These results show that clinical laboratory methods can be used to evaluate the toxicant exposure and abstinence symptom suppression associated with PREPs for SLT users. Descriptors Adult, Biomarkers/blood/urine, Carbon Monoxide/metabolism, Carcinogens/analysis, Cotinine/blood/urine, Environmental Monitoring, Female, Harm Reduction, Humans, Inhalation Exposure/analysis, Male, Middle Aged, Nicotine/analysis, Nitrosamines/blood/urine, Tobacco Use Cessation/methods, Tobacco, Smokeless/metabolism Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Gray,J. N., Breland,A. B., Weaver,M., Eissenberg,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC3212707 Editors
Argileh use among college students in the United States: an emerging trend	2008		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full J Stud Alcohol Drugs Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 69 Issue 3 Start Page 472 Other Pages 5 Notes ID: 18432392 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract OBJECTIVE: This study examined the prevalence and predictors of argileh (hookah pipe) use among a sample of nonselected college students. METHOD: Participants were 602 students (24% male; 43% white; mean age=22.06) at a large, ethnically diverse, urban university. All participants completed an online survey designed to assess various types of substance use. RESULTS: More than 15% of the sample reported having used argileh at least once in their lifetime, exceeding the percentage of students who had tried stimulants, barbiturates, cocaine, Ecstasy, heroin, or psychedelics. Arab ethnicity and cigarette smoking were the strongest predictors of argileh use; however, a substantial percentage of non-Arabs and nonsmokers also had tried argileh. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that, in comparison with other substances, the prevalence of argileh use is high among college students in the United States. Physical health implications of these findings are discussed. Descriptors Students/statistics & numerical data, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology, Adult, Arabs/statistics & numerical data, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Cross-Sectional Studies, Ethnic Groups/statistics & numerical data, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Smoking/epidemiology, Statistics as Topic, Street Drugs, Students/psychology, Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-18432392 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Grekin,Emily R., Ayna,Dinah Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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