Image
WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year Sort ascending | Author | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| Knowledge, attitudes and practice of university students regarding waterpipe smoking in Pakistan | 2008 | Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. alijawaid84@gmail.com | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
Periodical, Abbrev.
Int.J.Tuberc.Lung Dis.
Pub Date Free Form
Sep
Volume
12
Issue
9
Start Page
1077
Other Pages
1084
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 9706389; 059QF0KO0R (Water); ppublish
Place of Publication
France
ISSN/ISBN
1027-3719; 1027-3719
Accession Number
PMID: 18713508
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
18713508
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To study the awareness, perceptions and practice of university students in Karachi, Pakistan, with regard to shisha (waterpipe) smoking. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey conducted among students at four different universities of Karachi, selected through random cluster sampling. RESULTS: A total of 450 participants, 59.6% males (n=268) and 40.4% females (n=182), were included in the study. About half of the participants reported having ever smoked shisha (n=241, 53.6%). On examining factors associated with starting shisha smoking, curiosity was found to be the most common reason (n=148, 61.4%), followed by pleasure-seeking (n=113, 46.9%), peer pressure (n=55, 22.8%), boredom (n=43, 17.8%) and stress (n=26, 10.8%). Of 241 participants who had ever smoked waterpipes, the majority (n=149, 61.8%) were current smokers. A vast majority of participants (n=269, 60%) considered waterpipe smoking to be less unhealthy than cigarette smoking. Boredom in youth, use of waterpipe in leisure activities and peer pressure were identified as the most common reasons for the escalating popularity of waterpipe smoking in Pakistan. CONCLUSIONS: Waterpipe smoking is very popular among Pakistani university students, and knowledge among university students about the dangers of waterpipe smoking is alarmingly low.
Descriptors
Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Pakistan/epidemiology, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Smoking/epidemiology, Students/statistics & numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires, Universities, Water
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Jawaid,A., Zafar,A. M., Rehman,T. U., Nazir,M. R., Ghafoor,Z. A., Afzal,O., Khan,J. A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| t-3-Benzyl-r-2,c-6-bis-(4-methoxy-phen-yl)piperidin-4-one oxime | 2008 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Acta crystallographica.Section E, Structure reports online
Periodical, Abbrev.
Acta Crystallogr.Sect.E.Struct.Rep.Online
Pub Date Free Form
7-Jun
Volume
64
Issue
Pt 7
Start Page
o1211
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20111209; JID: 101089178; OID: NLM: PMC2961741; 2008/05/28 [received]; 2008/05/29 [accepted]; 2008/06/07 [epublish]; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1600-5368; 1600-5368
Accession Number
PMID: 21202850
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
10.1107/S1600536808016449 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21202850
Abstract
In the title mol-ecule, C(26)H(28)N(2)O(3), the piperidine ring adopts a chair conformation. The two methoxy-phenyl groups attached to the piperidine ring at positions 2 and 6 have equatorial orientations, and make a dihedral angle of 80.72 (15) degrees . The benzyl group at position 3 has an equatorial orientation. The oxime group at position 4 has a bi-sectional orientation. The ring of the benzyl group makes dihedral angles of 64.71 (16) and 84.79 (17) degrees with the two benzene rings. Mol-ecules are linked by inter-molecular N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO, O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN and C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds, and C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredpi inter-actions. There is also a C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO intra-molecular inter-action.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Jayabharathi,J., Thangamani,A., Balamurugan,S., Thiruvalluvar,A., Linden,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20080607
PMCID
PMC2961741
Editors
|
|||
| Behavioral interventions to reduce risk for sexual transmission of HIV among men who have sex with men | 2008 | Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop E-37, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. wdj0@cdc.gov | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
Periodical, Abbrev.
Cochrane Database Syst.Rev.
Pub Date Free Form
16-Jul
Volume
(3):CD001230. doi
Issue
3
Start Page
CD001230
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20130628; JID: 100909747; RF: 245; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1469-493X; 1361-6137
Accession Number
PMID: 18646068
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Review; IM
DOI
10.1002/14651858.CD001230.pub2 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
18646068
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Men who have sex with men (MSM) remain at great risk for HIV infection. Program planners and policy makers need descriptions of interventions and quantitative estimates of intervention effects to make informed decisions concerning prevention funding and research. The number of intervention strategies for MSM that have been examined with strong research designs has increased substantially in the past few years. OBJECTIVES: 1. To locate and describe outcome studies evaluating the effects of behavioral HIV prevention interventions for MSM.2. To summarize the effectiveness of these interventions in reducing unprotected anal sex.3. To identify study characteristics associated with effectiveness.4. To identify gaps and indicate future research, policy, and practice needs. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched electronic databases, current journals, manuscripts submitted by researchers, bibliographies of relevant articles, conference proceedings, and other reviews for published and unpublished reports from 1988 through December 2007. We also asked researchers working in HIV prevention about new and ongoing studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: Studies were considered in scope if they examined the effects of behavioral interventions aimed at reducing risk for HIV or STD transmission among MSM. We reviewed studies in scope for criteria of outcome relevance (measurement of at least one of a list of behavioral or biologic outcomes, e.g., unprotected sex or incidence of HIV infections) and methodologic rigor (randomized controlled trials or certain strong quasi-experimental designs with comparison groups). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We used fixed and random effects models to summarize rate ratios (RR) comparing intervention and control groups with respect to count outcomes (number of occasions of or partners for unprotected anal sex), and corresponding prevalence ratios (PR) for dichotomous outcomes (any unprotected anal sex vs. none). We used published formulas to convert effect sizes and their variances for count and dichotomous outcomes where necessary. We accounted for intraclass correlation (ICC) in community-level studies and adjusted for baseline conditions in all studies. We present separate results by intervention format (small group, individual, or community-level) and by type of intervention delivered to the comparison group (minimal or no HIV prevention in the comparison condition versus standard or other HIV prevention in the comparison condition). We examine rate ratios stratified according to characteristics of participants, design, implementation, and intervention content. For small group and individual-level interventions we used a stepwise selection process to identify a multivariable model of predictors of reduction in occasions of or partners for unprotected anal sex. We used funnel plots to examine publication bias, and Q (a chi-squared statistic with degrees of freedom = number of interventions minus 1) to test for heterogeneity. MAIN RESULTS: We found 44 studies evaluating 58 interventions with 18,585 participants. Formats included 26 small group interventions, 21 individual-level interventions, and 11 community-level interventions. Sixteen of the 58 interventions focused on HIV-positives. The 40 interventions that were measured against minimal to no HIV prevention intervention reduced occasions of or partners for unprotected anal sex by 27% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 15% to 37%). The other 18 interventions reduced unprotected anal sex by 17% beyond changes observed in standard or other interventions (CI = 5% to 27%). Intervention effects were statistically homogeneous, and no independent variable was statistically significantly associated with intervention effects at alpha=.05. However, a multivariable model selected by backward stepwise elimination identified four study characteristics associated with reduction in occasions of or partners for unprotected anal sex among small group and individual-level interventi
Descriptors
HIV Infections/prevention & control/transmission, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Homosexuality, Male, Humans, Male, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Risk-Taking, Safe Sex, Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & control
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Johnson,W. D., Diaz,R. M., Flanders,W. D., Goodman,M., Hill,A. N., Holtgrave,D., Malow,R., McClellan,W. M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20080716
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| A survey of the lactic acid bacteria isolated from Serbian artisanal dairy product kajmak | 2008 | Faculty of Technology, Leskovac, Serbia. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
International journal of food microbiology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Int.J.Food Microbiol.
Pub Date Free Form
31-Oct
Volume
127
Issue
3
Start Page
305
Other Pages
311
Notes
JID: 8412849; 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S); 2008/05/27 [received]; 2008/07/15 [revised]; 2008/07/29 [accepted]; 2008/08/03 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
0168-1605; 0168-1605
Accession Number
PMID: 18775578
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.07.026 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
18775578
Abstract
Kajmak is an artisanal Serbian dairy product made by fermentation of milk fat. Overall, 374 bacterial isolates were collected from six kajmak samples of different ages produced in the households located in distinct regions of Serbia. In order to identify lactic acid bacteria present in chosen samples of kajmak, total 349 Gram-positive and catalase-negative isolates were analyzed. The recognition of isolates was performed by phenotypic characterization followed by molecular identification using (GTG)(5)-PCR and sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene. Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Enterococcus faecium were the most frequently isolated species from kajmak samples. In contrast, leuconostocs and enterococci were found in BGMK3 and BGMK1 kajmak respectively, only after using enrichment technique for isolation suggesting they are present in low numbers in these kajmaks. Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus raffinolactis and Lactococcus garvieae were also found in those samples but in lower proportion. Results showed that Lactobacillus plantarum, Lb. paracasei and Lb. kefiri were the most frequently isolated Lactobacillus species in analyzed kajmaks.
Descriptors
Biodiversity, Cultured Milk Products/microbiology, Food Microbiology, Genotype, Lactobacillus/classification/genetics/isolation & purification, Lactococcus/classification/genetics/isolation & purification, Leuconostoc/classification/genetics/isolation & purification, Phenotype, Phylogeny, Polymerase Chain Reaction, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Species Specificity
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Jokovic,N., Nikolic,M., Begovic,J., Jovcic,B., Savic,D., Topisirovic,L.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20080803
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Exploring the use of little cigars by students at a historically black university | 2008 | Department of Public Health Education, North Carolina Central University, P.O. Box 19738, Durham, NC 27707, USA. djolly@nccu.edu | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Preventing chronic disease
Periodical, Abbrev.
Prev.Chronic Dis.
Pub Date Free Form
Jul
Volume
5
Issue
3
Start Page
A82
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20160317; JID: 101205018; OID: NLM: PMC2483573; 2008/06/15 [epublish]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1545-1151; 1545-1151
Accession Number
PMID: 18558032
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
A82 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
18558032
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Considerable evidence exists that little cigars are popular among African American adolescents and young adults who smoke. However, few studies have been published on the use of this tobacco product by young blacks in the United States. This research investigated little-cigar use among students at a historically black university in the southeastern United States. METHODS: As a follow-up to a survey on tobacco use among freshmen that revealed unexpectedly high rates of little-cigar use, 3 focus groups were conducted with current or former smokers of little cigars. Topics included preferred brands of little cigars, preference for little cigars over cigarettes, social contexts for smoking little cigars, perceived health risks of smoking little cigars relative to smoking cigarettes, and thoughts about quitting. RESULTS: Focus group participants preferred little cigars to cigarettes for various reasons, among them taste, smell, a better "buzz," social purposes, status, and perceptions that smoking little cigars is less addictive and less harmful than smoking cigarettes. Opinions on health risks varied; some participants believed that health risks can be reduced by removing the inner liner of little cigars. CONCLUSION: Use of little cigars should be addressed in tobacco research, use prevention, and use cessation efforts, targeting students at historically black colleges and perhaps other young African Americans. Results also suggest that clear distinctions should be made among cigarettes, little cigars, and cigars, and that tobacco use prevention and cessation programs should debunk myths that little cigars are a safe alternative to cigarettes. Study findings should be confirmed and elucidated through additional research.
Descriptors
Adolescent, Adult, African Americans, Female, Focus Groups, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Marijuana Smoking/ethnology, Smoking/ethnology, Southeastern United States/epidemiology, Students, Universities
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Jolly,D. H.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20080615
PMCID
PMC2483573
Editors
|
|||
| Tobacco smoking is addictive--do not start smoking | 2008 | Pierwszy Zaklad Medycyny Rodzinnej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lodzi. sylwia.kalucka@gmail.com | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Przeglad lekarski
Periodical, Abbrev.
Przegl.Lek.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
65
Issue
10
Start Page
653
Other Pages
656
Notes
JID: 19840720R; ppublish
Place of Publication
Poland
ISSN/ISBN
0033-2240; 0033-2240
Accession Number
PMID: 19189572
Language
pol
SubFile
English Abstract; Journal Article; IM
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
19189572
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is addictive- do not start smoking, do not start smoking, each person buying a package of cigarettes can read this inscription. But does he really read it? Every year all over the world one million people try to stop smoking, but only for a few percent this attempt is successful. Giving up the habit of smoking is hard because it leads to biological and psychogenic addiction. The aim of this paper was to check which factors most motivated smokers to stop smoking? 50 active smokers, among them 5 former smokers, who have smoked at least 15 cigarettes a day for 15 years were classified to the preliminary study. Among them there were 23 women, which is 46% of the subjects and 27 men, which is 54% of the subjects. The average number of smoked cigarettes among present smokers was 18.4 pieces, and the former smokers smoked the average of 19 pieces daily. Present smokers smoke 8 years longer, i.e. 26.3 years than former smokers. Inscription placed on cigarette packages concerning the loss of health definitely influence smokers to make another attempt to stop smoking. This important concerns the appearance of lung cancer, the differences were statistically significant between former and present smokers (p < 0.03), women are afraid of lung cancer twice more often than men (p<0.02), also women more often were afraid of cardiovascular system diseases (chi2 = 2.013, p < 0.03) and painful death (chi2 = 7.729, p < 0.006). Over 80% of smokers declared that the raise of the price of cigarette package has a significant influence on further attempt to stop smoking. Among the subjects 20% declared that ad spots on TV positively influence giving up smoking. Other factors such as: chewing gum (only 11.1% willing to try again), tablets (only 8.9%), appearing cough (2.2%), unpleasant tobacco smell (2.2%), the loss of taste (0.0%), the improvement of life comfort (4.4%) at minimum extent motivated smokers to stop smoking. Unsuccessful attempt of giving up smoking should not discourage any smoker no his doctor to further fight for his health. In another attempt the arguments that most motivate the smoker to stop smoking are worth using again.
Descriptors
Adult, Behavior, Addictive/epidemiology/prevention & control, Causality, Comorbidity, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Incidence, Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology/prevention & control, Male, Middle Aged, Poland/epidemiology, Sex Factors, Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation/methods/psychology, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology/prevention & control
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Kalucka,S.
Original/Translated Title
Palenie tytoniu uzaleznia--nie zaczynaj palic
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Differential activities of newer antifungal agents against Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis biofilms | 2008 | Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Third Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University, Hippokration Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
Periodical, Abbrev.
Antimicrob.Agents Chemother.
Pub Date Free Form
Jan
Volume
52
Issue
1
Start Page
357
Other Pages
360
Notes
LR: 20140904; JID: 0315061; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Azoles); 0 (Echinocandins); OID: NLM: PMC2223899; 2007/10/15 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
0066-4804; 0066-4804
Accession Number
PMID: 17938192
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
AAC.00856-07 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
17938192
Abstract
The activities of voriconazole, posaconazole, caspofungin, and anidulafungin against Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis biofilms were evaluated. In contrast to planktonic cells, the MICs for voriconazole and posaconazole for the biofilms of the two species were high (>or=256 and >64 mg/liter, respectively) but relatively low for the echinocandins caspofungin and anidulafungin (<or=1 and <or=2 mg/liter, respectively).
Descriptors
Antifungal Agents/pharmacology, Azoles/pharmacology, Biofilms/drug effects, Candida/classification/drug effects, Candida albicans/drug effects, Echinocandins/pharmacology, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Katragkou,A., Chatzimoschou,A., Simitsopoulou,M., Dalakiouridou,M., Diza-Mataftsi,E., Tsantali,C., Roilides,E.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20071015
PMCID
PMC2223899
Editors
|
|||
| Prevalence, knowledge, attitude and practice of shisha smoking among medical and dental students of Karachi, Pakistan | 2008 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
JDUHS - Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences
Periodical, Abbrev.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
2
Issue
1
Start Page
3
Other Pages
10
Notes
ID: 97334
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
english
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
To determine the prevalence of shisha smokers among medical and dental students of Karachi and assess their knowledge, attitude and practice regarding shisha, and the effect of discipline medical/dental] and year of professional education with their responses. Cross sectional, observational study. One thousand two hundred and four students from the six medical/dental colleges of Karachi participated in the study. The present study was conducted during April and May of the year 2007. The questionnaire consisted of personal questions like gender, field of study, name, and year of study; smoking habits, frequency and place of smoking, attitude and knowledge about diseases developed due to shisha smoking. Chi-square test was used to find relationship between independent variables i.e. field of study medical/ dental], and year of study 1st], 2nd], 3rd], 4th] and final year] with response variables. The mean age of the participants was 20.2 +/- 1.6 years. Two hundred and seventy three students 22.7%] indicated that they smoke shisha. One hundred and nineteen of the male students 41.2%] and 154 female students 16.8%] indicated positively for shisha smoking. Dental students showed 13% higher prevalence of shisha smoking than medical students p<0.0001]. Eighty percent of respondents selected either restaurants or 'shisha bar' for the place of smoking. Sixty four percent of the respondents were influenced by their friends to adopt this habit. Eighty one percent of the respondents admitted that shisha smoking was harmful. Twenty eight percent of the respondents believed an association between shisha smoking and cancer, and about a quarter related it with heart diseases. Thirty eight percent of the shisha smokers were also involved in cigarette smoking. High prevalence of shisha smoking was observed among medical and dental students. However, most of them had adopted this habit as leisure and for socialization. The awareness about the health hazards due to shisha smoking is needed as an intervention to extricate them from this habit
Descriptors
Humans, Male, Female, 13 - 19 YEARS, ABO Blood-Group System - 45 YEARS, Smoking, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Students, Medical, Cross-Sectional Studies, Students, Dental, Tobacco Use Disorder, Prevalence
Links
http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/emro-97334
Book Title
Database
GHL; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Khan,Nazeer, Siddiqui,Muhamad Umer, Padhiar,Adnan Ahmed, Hashmi,Syed Affanul Haq, Fatima ,Saba, Muzaffar,Sania
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Radiological hazards of Narghile (hookah, shisha, goza) smoking: activity concentrations and dose assessment | 2008 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
J Environ Radioact
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Environ.Radioact.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
99
Issue
12
Start Page
1808
Other Pages
14
Notes
ID: 18768240
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
en
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
Narghile (hookah, shisha, goza, "water-pipe") smoking has become fashionable worldwide. Its tobacco pastes, known as moassel and jurak, are not standardized and generally contain about 30-50% (sometimes more) tobacco, molasses/juice of sugarcane, various spices and dried fruits (particularly in jurak) and, in the case of moassel, glycerol and flavoring essences. Tobacco contains minute amounts of radiotoxic elements such as (210)Pb, (210)Po and uranium, which are inhaled via smoking. Only very few data have been published on the concentrations of natural radionuclides in narghile tobacco mixtures. Consequently, the aim of this study was to draw first conclusions on the potential hazards of radioactivity in moassel tobacco in relation to narghile smoking. The results indicate the existence of a wide range in the radioactivity contents where the average (range) activity concentrations of (238)U, (234)Th (226)Ra, (210)Pb, (210)Po, (232)Th and (40)K, in Bq/kg dry weight were 55 (19-93), 11 (3-23), 3 (1.2-8), 14 (3-29), 13 (7-32), 7 (4-10) and 719 (437-1044)Bq/kg dry weight, respectively. The average concentrations of natural radionuclides in moassel tobacco pastes are comparable to their concentration in Greek cigarettes and tobacco leaves, and lower than that of Brazilian tobacco leaves. The distribution pattern of these radionuclides after smoking, between smoke, ash and filter, is unknown, except for (210)Po during cigarette smoking and from one existing study during moassel smoking. Radiological dose assessment due to intake of natural radionuclides was calculated and the possible radio-toxicity of the measured radionuclides is briefly discussed.
Descriptors
Air Pollutants, Radioactive/analysis, Smoke/analysis, Smoking/adverse effects, Egypt, Humans, Polonium/analysis, Radiation Dosage, Radium/analysis, Saudi Arabia, Social Environment, Tobacco, Uranium/analysis
Links
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2008.07.005
Book Title
Database
MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Khater,Ashraf E. M., Abd El-Aziz,Nawal,S., Al-Sewaidan,Hamed, Chaouachi,Kamal
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Prevalence of patent foramen ovale (PFO) and MRI-lesions in mild neurological decompression sickness (type B-DCS/AGE) | 2008 | German Naval Medical Institute, Kiel-Kronshagen, Germany. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Undersea & hyperbaric medicine : journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc
Periodical, Abbrev.
Undersea Hyperb.Med.
Pub Date Free Form
May-Jun
Volume
35
Issue
3
Start Page
197
Other Pages
205
Notes
JID: 9312954; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1066-2936; 1066-2936
Accession Number
PMID: 18619115
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM; S
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
18619115
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Neurological decompression sickness (DCS/AGE) may cover two variants with either severer and probably central nervous (Type A) or milder and sometimes doubtful neurological symptoms (Type B). The pathophysiology of the Type B-DCS/AGE might be different from the Type A-variant. In Type A-DCS/AGE a higher PFO-prevalence (patent foramen ovale) points towards an embolic origin of the Type A-symptomatology. This is not necessarily expected for the Type B-DCS/AGE if the pathophysiology here is micro-embolic or even non-embolic. METHODS: 18 patients with Type B-DCS/AGE were tested against matched controls for presence and size of a PFO with echocardiography and transcranial ultrasound with echo-contrast. Prevalence and number of Type A-brain lesions were visualized by cranial MRI as possible sequelae from gas-embolic events. RESULTS: PFO-prevalence in both groups, the patients with Type B-DCS/AGE (5/18) as well as the controls (7/18) was similar to published PFO-prevalences in normals without any difference between patients and controls (p = 0.725). Also the number of MRI-lesions (ACFs) was the same for Type B-DCS/AGE cases (15 ACFs in 5 patients) and controls (37 ACFs in 8 divers). CONCLUSION: Indirect findings suggesting embolic brain injuries are found with similar frequency in patients with Type B-DCS/AGE and normal controls, which is in contrast to data about Type A-DCS/AGE. This is compatible with different pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the Type A- and Type B-DCS/AGE.
Descriptors
Adult, Brain Diseases/diagnosis/physiopathology, Case-Control Studies, Decompression Sickness/physiopathology, Echocardiography, Embolism, Air/diagnosis/physiopathology, Female, Foramen Ovale, Patent/diagnosis/epidemiology/physiopathology, Humans, Intracranial Embolism/diagnosis/physiopathology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Prevalence, Statistics, Nonparametric
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Koch,A. E., Kirsch,H., Reuter,M., Warninghoff,V., Rieckert,H., Deuschl,G.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||