WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
Outcomes and adherence in Syria's first smoking cessation trial	2008	Smoking Cessation Intervention Program, Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Aleppo, Syria.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Health Behavior Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Health Behav. Pub Date Free Form Mar-Apr Volume 32 Issue 2 Start Page 146 Other Pages 156 Notes LR: 20080721; GR: R01 TW05962/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9602338; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1087-3244; 1087-3244 Accession Number PMID: 18052855 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.5555/ajhb.2008.32.2.146 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18052855 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility of implementing cessation interventions in Syria. METHODS: We randomized 50 smokers to either a brief or intensive behavioral cessation intervention. Adherence to treatment and cessation through 3 months postcessation were calculated. RESULTS: Adherence in the intensive group was only moderate and was associated with smoking for more years and higher self-efficacy. Cessation rates in the brief and intensive intervention groups were 16% and 4%, respectively. Nicotine dependence predicted abstinence at 3 months. CONCLUSION: Important barriers to cessation included perceived dependence, lack of access to pharmacotherapy, poor social support, and water pipe smoking. Descriptors Adult, Developing Countries, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Education, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Self Efficacy, Smoking/adverse effects, Smoking Cessation/psychology, Syria, Tobacco Use Disorder/psychology/rehabilitation Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Asfar,T., Weg,M. V., Maziak,W., Hammal,F., Eissenberg,T., Ward,K. D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Predictors of narghile (water-pipe) smoking in a sample of American Arab Yemeni adolescents	2008		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full J Transcult Nurs Periodical, Abbrev. J.Transcult.Nurs. Pub Date Free Form Volume 19 Issue 1 Start Page 24 Other Pages 32 Notes ID: 18165423 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract To explore the predictors of water-pipe smoking among American Arab Yemeni adolescents, a descriptive correlational design was used, and regression models representing the proposed relationships in the study were tested from a convenience sample of 297 adolescents who attended a teen health clinic and two high schools. The participants completed five measures. Fourteen hypotheses were tested. Experimentation with tobacco was found to be significant in predicting narghile smoking. Tobacco use prevention and cessation interventions for this population can be focused on targeting the family and peer units, from which their identity is likely derived. Descriptors Adolescent Behavior/ethnology, Arabs/ethnology, Attitude to Health/ethnology, Smoking/ethnology, Adolescent, Arabs/education, Educational Status, Female, Health Services Needs and Demand, Humans, Income/statistics & numerical data, Male, Michigan/epidemiology, Nursing Methodology Research, Parents/psychology, Peer Group, Psychology, Adolescent, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Risk-Taking, Self Concept, Smoking/prevention & control, Questionnaires, Water, Yemen/ethnology Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043659607309141 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Baker,Omar G., Rice,Virginia Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Nicotine dependence, motivation to quit, and diagnosis among adult emergency department patients who smoke: a national survey	2008	Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, and Montefiore Medical Center, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA. sbernste@montefiore.org	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 10 Issue 8 Start Page 1277 Other Pages 1282 Notes JID: 9815751; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1462-2203; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 18686174 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1080/14622200802239272 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18686174 Abstract Patients in hospital emergency departments smoke more than the general population. Smoking profiles of these patients have largely been characterized in small, single-institution cohorts. Our objective was to survey adult smokers visiting a sample of U.S. emergency departments, as part of a study examining the efficacy of an educational intervention on physicians' knowledge, attitudes, and behavior regarding tobacco control. A convenience sample of patients in eight academic emergency departments was surveyed from May to July 2006. Eligible patients were aged 18 years or older, were every- or some-day smokers, spoke English or Spanish, were able to provide written informed consent, and were not actively psychotic. Descriptive statistics are reported using parametric and nonparametric measures. A total of 1,168 patients were interviewed (mean age = 40.7 years); 46.5% were female, 54.4% were uninsured or had Medicaid, and 29.9% had no usual source of care. Patients smoked a median of 10 cigarettes daily, with a median score on the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence of 4, and a median score of 5 on the nine-point contemplation ladder, indicating a desire to quit within 6 months. Smokers with a diagnosis of cardiovascular, respiratory, or malignant disease were more interested in quitting than others (median ladder score = 4 vs. 6, p<.001), were more likely to believe they had a smoking-related illness, and were more likely to believe their emergency department visit was related to smoking. Smokers with a presenting complaint of chest pain or dyspnea were more interested in quitting than others (median ladder score = 4 vs. 6, p = .002). Emergency department patients smoked at moderate amounts, with moderate levels of addiction and interest in quitting. Smokers with tobacco-related diagnoses, or who believed their emergency department visit was related to smoking, were more interested in quitting. These findings suggest that the emergency department visit may provide a teachable moment to reach smokers who have tobacco-related problems. Descriptors Adult, Behavior, Addictive/epidemiology/psychology, Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data, Female, Health Behavior, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Motivation, Neoplasms/epidemiology, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Patient Education as Topic/statistics & numerical data, Respiratory Tract Diseases/epidemiology, Self Efficacy, Smoking/epidemiology/psychology, Smoking Cessation/methods/statistics & numerical data, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology/psychology, United States/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Bernstein,S. L., Boudreaux,E. D., Cabral,L., Cydulka,R. K., Schwegman,D., Larkin,G. L., Adams,A. L., McCullough,L. B., Rhodes,K. V. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Innovative sol-gel coatings for solid-phase microextraction. Development of fibers for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at trace level in water	2008	Dipartimento di Chimica Generale ed Inorganica, Chimica Analitica, Chimica Fisica, Universita degli Studi di Parma, Viale Usberti 17/A, Parma, Italy. federica.bianchi@unipr.it	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatography.A Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.A Pub Date Free Form 4-Jul Volume 1196-1197 Issue Start Page 15 Other Pages 22 Notes LR: 20090115; JID: 9318488; 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 2007/12/10 [received]; 2008/01/14 [revised]; 2008/01/15 [accepted]; 2008/01/20 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0021-9673; 0021-9673 Accession Number PMID: 18258246 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.01.036 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18258246 Abstract Innovative solid-phase microextraction coatings synthesized by sol-gel technology were developed for the determination of environmental pollutants, i.e. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at trace level in water. The fibers obtained, based on the use of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane and diethoxydiphenylsilane were characterised in terms of film thickness, porosity, thermal stability and pH resistance. An excellent thermal stability was obtained in the case of diethoxydiphenylsilane-based coating, with a negligible weight loss until 400 degrees C. A very good fiber-to-fiber and batch-to-batch repeatability was also obtained with RSD lower than 6% using a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons in the low ng/l range. Finally, the capabilities of the developed coating for sampling polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water at trace levels were proved obtaining limits of detection about twofold lower than those achieved by using the commercially available polydimethylsiloxane 7 microm fiber. Descriptors Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Molecular Structure, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis/chemistry, Reproducibility of Results, Solid Phase Microextraction/methods, Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis/chemistry Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Bianchi,F., Bisceglie,F., Careri,M., Di Berardino,S., Mangia,A., Musci,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080120 PMCID Editors
Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in German restaurants, pubs and discotheques	2008	Department of Environmental Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleissheim, Germany. gabriele.bolte@lgl.bayern.de	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Expo.Sci.Environ.Epidemiol. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 18 Issue 3 Start Page 262 Other Pages 271 Notes JID: 101262796; 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2007/06/13 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1559-064X; 1559-0631 Accession Number PMID: 17565353 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 7500590 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17565353 Abstract In contrast to other countries, there is an on-going debate but still no smoke-free legislation in Germany. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in hospitality venues is assumed to be high, but air quality data are lacking. Therefore, the aim of our study was to perform a comprehensive exposure assessment by analysing the indoor air concentration of toxic or carcinogenic ETS compounds in restaurants, pubs, and discotheques. Active sampling of indoor air was conducted for 4 h during the main visiting hours in 28 hospitality venues. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), volatile organic compounds (VOC), aldehydes/ketones, and cadmium were analysed. In addition, particle mass concentration was assessed with two different methods and particle number concentration (PNC) was determined. Median nicotine levels were 15 microg/m(3) in restaurants, 31 microg/m(3) in pubs, and 193 microg/m(3) in discotheques. Across these three sampling site categories median levels of 3-ethenylpyridine ranged from 3 to 24 microg/m(3), median levels of benzene from 8 to 20 microg/m(3), median levels of cadmium from 3 to 10 ng/m(3), and median levels of the sum of 16 PAH according to US-EPA from 215 to 375 ng/m(3), respectively. Median PM(2.5) mass concentration assessed gravimetrically varied between 178 and 808 microg/m(3) and PNC between 120,000 and 210,000 particles per cm(3) in restaurants, pubs, and discotheques. The majority of the particles had a size of 0.01-0.5 microm. Concentrations of ETS compounds were always highest in discotheques. The strong correlation between ETS-specific markers (nicotine, 3-ethenylpyridine) and PM(2.5), PAH, VOC, aldehydes/ketones, and cadmium indicated ETS as main source of these toxic or carcinogenic substances. In conclusion, indoor air concentrations of ETS constituents were high in German hospitality venues and represented a substantial health threat. Effective measures to protect patrons and staff from ETS exposure are necessary from a public health point of view. Descriptors Air Pollution, Indoor/adverse effects/analysis, Environmental Exposure/adverse effects/analysis, Environmental Health, Environmental Monitoring, Germany, Humans, Particle Size, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis/toxicity, Public Facilities, Restaurants, Risk Assessment, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects/analysis, Ventilation Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Bolte,G., Heitmann,D., Kiranoglu,M., Schierl,R., Diemer,J., Koerner,W., Fromme,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20070613 PMCID Editors
Monitoring polytobacco use among adolescents: do cigarette smokers use other forms of tobacco?	2008	Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. jbombard@cdc.gov	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 10 Issue 11 Start Page 1581 Other Pages 1589 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9815751; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1462-2203; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 18988070 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1080/14622200802412887 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18988070 Abstract The extent of concurrent use of cigarettes and one or more other tobacco products (polytobacco use) is important to explore because users may be at an increased risk for adverse health effects and nicotine dependency. We determined national population estimates of current cigarette and current polytobacco use for at least 50,000 students from the 2002 and 2004 National Youth Tobacco Surveys. We identified which tobacco products were most often used in conjunction with cigarettes and used multivariate analyses to identify factors associated with polytobacco use. The overall prevalence was 16.0% for current cigarette smoking among all respondents and 15.0% for current cigarette smoking among respondents with complete information on concurrent cigarette and other tobacco product use: 8.1% used cigarettes only, and 6.9% were polytobacco users. Among current male cigarette smokers, 62.0% used other tobacco products; among current female cigarette smokers, 30.9% did. Among current cigarette smokers using one other tobacco product, cigars or smokeless tobacco were the most frequently used products. In multivariate analysis, polytobacco use was associated with being male; being in middle school; residing in the Midwest, South, or West; being able to obtain cigarettes from a retailer; being subject to peer influence; having favorable beliefs about tobacco; being willing to use tobacco promotional items; being exposed to tobacco advertisements; and having higher levels of lost autonomy (an indicator of nicotine dependency). Youth interventions need to broaden their focus to address the use of all tobacco products, paying particular attention to adolescent males and youth living outside of the Northeast. Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior/psychology, Attitude to Health, Behavior, Addictive/epidemiology/psychology, Causality, Comorbidity, Female, Humans, Male, Peer Group, Product Labeling, Risk Factors, Risk-Taking, Self Concept, Sex Factors, Smoking/epidemiology/psychology, Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology/psychology, Tobacco, Smokeless, United States/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Bombard,J. M., Rock,V. J., Pederson,L. L., Asman,K. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A digital smoking cessation program delivered through internet and cell phone without nicotine replacement (happy ending): randomized controlled trial	2008	Department of Psychology, Postboks 1094 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway. haavabre@psykologi.uio.no	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of medical Internet research Periodical, Abbrev. J.Med.Internet Res. Pub Date Free Form 28-Nov Volume 10 Issue 5 Start Page e51 Other Pages Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 100959882; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); OID: NLM: PMC2630841; 2007/11/29 [received]; 2008/08/20 [accepted]; 2008/04/28 [revised]; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1438-8871; 1438-8871 Accession Number PMID: 19087949 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.2196/jmir.1005 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19087949 Abstract BACKGROUND: Happy Ending (HE) is an intense 1-year smoking cessation program delivered via the Internet and cell phone. HE consists of more than 400 contacts by email, Web pages, interactive voice response, and short message service technology. HE includes a craving helpline and a relapse prevention system, providing just-in-time therapy. All the components of the program are fully automated. OBJECTIVE: The objectives were to describe the rationale for the design of HE, to assess the 12-month efficacy of HE in a sample of smokers willing to attempt to quit without the use of nicotine replacement therapy, and to explore the potential effect of HE on coping planning and self-efficacy (prior to quitting) and whether coping planning and self-efficacy mediate treatment effect. METHODS: A two-arm randomized controlled trial was used. Subjects were recruited via Internet advertisements and randomly assigned to condition. Inclusion criteria were willingness to quit on a prescribed day without using nicotine replacement and being aged 18 years or older. The intervention group received HE, and the control group received a 44-page self-help booklet. Abstinence was defined as "not even a puff of smoke, for the last seven days" and was assessed by means of Internet surveys or telephone interviews 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postcessation. The main outcome was repeated point abstinence (ie, abstinence at all four time points). Coping planning and self-efficacy were measured at baseline and at the end of the preparation phase (ie, after 2 weeks of treatment, but prior to cessation day). RESULTS: A total of 290 participants received either the HE intervention (n=144) or the control booklet (n=146). Using intent-to-treat analysis, participants in the intervention group reported clinically and statistically significantly higher repeated point abstinence rates than control participants (20% versus 7%, odds ratio [OR] = 3.43, 95% CI = 1.60-7.34, P = .002). Although no differences were observed at baseline, by the end of the preparation phase, significantly higher levels of coping planning (t(261) = 3.07, P = .002) and precessation self-efficacy (t(261) = 2.63, P = .01) were observed in the intervention group compared with the control group. However, neither coping planning nor self-efficacy mediated long-term treatment effect. For point abstinence 1 month after quitting, however, coping planning and self-efficacy showed a partial mediation of the treatment effect. CONCLUSIONS: This 12-month trial documents a long-term treatment effect of a fully automated smoking cessation intervention without the use of nicotine replacement therapy. The study adds to the promise of using digital media in supporting behavior change. Descriptors Adolescent, Behavior Therapy, Cell Phones, Electronic Mail, Happiness, Humans, Internet, Multimedia, Nicotine/therapeutic use, Pamphlets, Patient Selection, Smoking/drug therapy/psychology, Smoking Cessation/methods/psychology, Therapy, Computer-Assisted/methods, Treatment Outcome, User-Computer Interface, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Brendryen,H., Drozd,F., Kraft,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20081128 PMCID PMC2630841 Editors
Boom and bust inflation: a graceful exit via compact extra dimensions	2008		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Phys Rev Lett Periodical, Abbrev. Phys.Rev.Lett. Pub Date Free Form Volume 101 Issue 22 Start Page 221302 Other Pages 221302 Notes ID: 19113473 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract A model of inflation is proposed in which compact extra dimensions allow a graceful exit without recourse to flat potentials or super-Planckian field values. Though bubbles of true vacuum are too sparse to uniformly reheat the Universe by colliding with each other, a compact dimension enables a single bubble to uniformly reheat by colliding with itself. This mechanism, which generates an approximately scale invariant perturbation spectrum, requires that inflation be driven by a bulk field, that vacuum decay be slow, and that the extra dimension be at least a hundred times larger than the false vacuum Hubble length. Descriptors Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-19113473 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Brown,Adam R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Characterisation of urban inhalation exposures to benzene, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in the European Union: comparison of measured and modelled exposure data	2008	Physical and Chemical Exposure Unit, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Joint Research Centre of the Commission of the European Communities, Via E. Fermi 1, T.P. 281, 21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental science and pollution research international Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Sci.Pollut.Res.Int. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 15 Issue 5 Start Page 417 Other Pages 430 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 9441769; 0 (Air Pollutants); 1HG84L3525 (Formaldehyde); GO1N1ZPR3B (Acetaldehyde); J64922108F (Benzene); 2007/08/29 [received]; 2008/04/21 [accepted]; 2008/05/20 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 0944-1344; 0944-1344 Accession Number PMID: 18491156 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1007/s11356-008-0013-4 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18491156 Abstract BACKGROUND, AIM AND SCOPE: All across Europe, people live and work in indoor environments. On average, people spend around 90% of their time indoors (homes, workplaces, cars and public transport means, etc.) and are exposed to a complex mixture of pollutants at concentration levels that are often several times higher than outdoors. These pollutants are emitted by different sources indoors and outdoors and include volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbonyls (aldehydes and ketones) and other chemical substances often adsorbed on particles. Moreover, legal obligations opposed by legislations, such as the European Union's General Product Safety Directive (GPSD) and Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), increasingly require detailed understanding of where and how chemical substances are used throughout their life-cycle and require better characterisation of their emissions and exposure. This information is essential to be able to control emissions from sources aiming at a reduction of adverse health effects. Scientifically sound human risk assessment procedures based on qualitative and quantitative human exposure information allows a better characterisation of population exposures to chemical substances. In this context, the current paper compares inhalation exposures to three health-based EU priority substances, i.e. benzene, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Distributions of urban population inhalation exposures, indoor and outdoor concentrations were created on the basis of measured AIRMEX data in 12 European cities and compared to results from existing European population exposure studies published within the scientific literature. By pooling all EU city personal exposure, indoor and outdoor concentration means, representative EU city cumulative frequency distributions were created. Population exposures were modelled with a microenvironment model using the time spent and concentrations in four microenvironments, i.e. indoors at home and at work, outdoors at work and in transit, as input parameters. Pooled EU city inhalation exposures were compared to modelled population exposures. The contributions of these microenvironments to the total daily inhalation exposure of formaldehyde, benzene and acetaldehyde were estimated. Inhalation exposures were compared to the EU annual ambient benzene air quality guideline (5 microg/m3-to be met by 2010) and the recommended (based on the INDEX project) 30-min average formaldehyde limit value (30 microg/m3). RESULTS: Indoor inhalation exposure contributions are much higher compared to the outdoor or in-transit microenvironment contributions, accounting for almost 99% in the case of formaldehyde. The highest in-transit exposure contribution was found for benzene; 29.4% of the total inhalation exposure contribution. Comparing the pooled AIRMEX EU city inhalation exposures with the modelled exposures, benzene, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde exposures are 5.1, 17.3 and 11.8 microg/m3 vs. 5.1, 20.1 and 10.2 microg/m3, respectively. Together with the fact that a dominating fraction of time is spent indoors (>90%), the total inhalation exposure is mostly driven by the time spent indoors. DISCUSSION: The approach used in this paper faced three challenges concerning exposure and time-activity data, comparability and scarce or missing in-transit data inducing careful interpretation of the results. The results obtained by AIRMEX underline that many European urban populations are still exposed to elevated levels of benzene and formaldehyde in the inhaled air. It is still likely that the annual ambient benzene air quality guideline of 5 microg/m3 in the EU and recommended formaldehyde 30-min average limit value of 30 microg/m3 are exceeded by a substantial part of populations living in urban areas. Considering multimedia and multi-pathway exposure to acetaldehyde, the biggest exposure contribution was found to be related to dietary behaviou Descriptors Acetaldehyde/analysis, Air Pollutants/analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Benzene/analysis, Computer Simulation, European Union, Formaldehyde/analysis, Humans, Inhalation Exposure/analysis, Models, Chemical, Urban Population Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Bruinen de Bruin,Y., Koistinen,K., Kephalopoulos,S., Geiss,O., Tirendi,S., Kotzias,D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080520 PMCID Editors
Migration of BADGE (bisphenol A diglycidyl-ether) and BFDGE (bisphenol F diglycidyl-ether) in canned seafood	2008	ANFACO-CECOPESCA, Col Univ 16, Vigo, Spain. agcabado@anfaco.es	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association Periodical, Abbrev. Food Chem.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 46 Issue 5 Start Page 1674 Other Pages 1680 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 8207483; 0 (Benzhydryl Compounds); 0 (Carcinogens); 0 (Epoxy Compounds); 0 (Indicators and Reagents); 0 (Lipids); 0 (bisphenol F diglycidyl ether); F3XRM1NX4H (2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane); 2007/01/11 [received]; 2007/08/29 [rev Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0278-6915; 0278-6915 Accession Number PMID: 18289761 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2008.01.006 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18289761 Abstract Migration of potentially toxic materials used for the lining of commercial can goods remains an important issue, especially with respect to certain types of processed foods. Seafood is one type where more information is needed with respect to other ingredients used for adding value to fishery products. Most cans are internally coated with starters of resins such as bisphenol A diglycidyl-ether (BADGE) and bisphenol F diglycidyl-ether (BFDGE), both considered as toxic compounds. Several seafood products, sardines, tuna fish, mackerel, mussels, cod and mackerel eggs, were manufactured in different conditions changing covering sauce, time and temperature of storage and heat-treated for sterilization in cans. Migration kinetics of BADGE and BFDGE from varnish into canned products were evaluated by HPLC in 70 samples after 6, 12 or 18 months of storage. Results showed that there is no migration of BADGE in tuna fish, sardines, mussels or cod. However, migration of BFDGE occurs in all species, in a storage time-dependent way and content of fat, although migration of these compounds is not affected by sterilization conditions. All samples analyzed presented values lower than 9 mg BADGE/kg net product without exceeding European limits. However, concerning BFDGE migration, European legislation does not allow the use and/or the presence of BFDGE. Main migration takes place in mackerel reaching the highest values, 0.74 mg BFDGE/kg and 0.34 mg BADGE/kg net product, in red pepper sauce. Descriptors Animals, Benzhydryl Compounds, Bivalvia, Carcinogens/analysis, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Epoxy Compounds/analysis, Food Analysis, Food Preservation, Gadus morhua, Indicators and Reagents, Lipids/analysis, Perciformes, Reproducibility of Results, Seafood/analysis, Sterilization, Temperature, Time Factors, Tuna Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Cabado,A. G., Aldea,S., Porro,C., Ojea,G., Lago,J., Sobrado,C., Vieites,J. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080112 PMCID Editors

E-mail