Image
WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year Sort ascending | Author | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| Waterpipe-associated particulate matter emissions | 2008 | Department of Health & Sport Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA. wmaziak@memphis.edu | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Periodical, Abbrev.
Nicotine Tob.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
10
Issue
3
Start Page
519
Other Pages
523
Notes
GR: R01 TW05962/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01DA024876-01/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Smoke); ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1462-2203; 1462-2203
Accession Number
PMID: 18324571
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1080/14622200801901989 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
18324571
Abstract
Waterpipe tobacco smoking is increasingly common worldwide, and evidence about its harmful effects to smokers is emerging. However, no studies have investigated the potential exposure of nonsmokers to waterpipe smoke. We measured particulate matter (PM) emissions (PM2.5, PM10) before and during laboratory sessions in which 20 individuals used a waterpipe to smoke tobacco and 20 individuals smoked a cigarette (10 for each particle-size/smoking-method), as well as 10 waterpipe and 10 cigarette smoldering sessions (i.e., without a smoker). A TSI-SidePak aerosol monitor obtained PM2.5, PM10 background, smoking, and maximum levels. Mean PM2.5 rose 447% for waterpipe (from 48 microg/m3 background to 264 microg/m3 smoking), and by 501% for cigarettes (from 44 microg/m3 to 267 microg/m3), whereas mean PM10 rose by 563% for waterpipe (from 55 microg/m3 to 365 microg/m3), and by 447% for cigarettes (from 52 microg/m3 to 287 microg/m3) (p<.05 for all). The increase in PM during cigarette smoking was due primarily to PM2.5, given that the proportion of PM2.5 from total PM10 increase was 95% compared with 70% for waterpipe (p<.05). Maximum PM2.5 was 908 microg/m3 for waterpipe and 575 microg/m3 for cigarettes, whereas maximum PM10 was 1052 microg/m3 for waterpipe and 653 microg/m3 for cigarettes. Mean PM2.5 and PM10 smoldering levels did not differ from background for waterpipe but were significantly higher for cigarettes (PM2.5: 33-190 microg/m3; PM10: 42-220 microg/m3). Policymakers considering clean air regulations should include waterpipe tobacco smoking, and the public should be warned about this source of smoke exposure.
Descriptors
Adult, Air Pollutants/analysis, Environmental Monitoring/methods, Female, Humans, Inhalation Exposure/analysis, Male, Middle Aged, Particle Size, Smoke/analysis, Smoking, Spectrophotometry, Atomic/methods
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Maziak,W., Rastam,S., Ibrahim,I., Ward,K. D., Eissenberg,T.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in hookah smokers, cigarette smokers and non-smokers--a comment | 2008 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
J Pak Med Assoc
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Pak.Med.Assoc.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
58
Issue
3
Start Page
155
Other Pages
155
Notes
ID: 18517128
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
en
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
Descriptors
Carcinoembryonic Antigen/analysis, Smoking/adverse effects, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects, Tobacco/adverse effects, Humans, Pakistan
Links
http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-18517128
Book Title
Database
MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Maziak,Wasim
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Common household activities are associated with elevated particulate matter concentrations in bedrooms of inner-city Baltimore pre-school children | 2008 | Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, 1830 East Monument Street, 5th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Environmental research
Periodical, Abbrev.
Environ.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Feb
Volume
106
Issue
2
Start Page
148
Other Pages
155
Notes
LR: 20140908; GR: P01 ES 09606/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; GR: P01 ES009606/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; GR: P01 ES009606-019002/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; GR: P01 ES009606-029002/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; GR: P01 ES009606-039002/ES/NIEH
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
0013-9351; 0013-9351
Accession Number
PMID: 17927974
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
S0013-9351(07)00185-5 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
17927974
Abstract
Asthma disproportionately affects inner-city, minority children in the U.S. Outdoor pollutant concentrations, including particulate matter (PM), are higher in inner-cities and contribute to childhood asthma morbidity. Although children spend the majority of time indoors, indoor PM exposures have been less extensively characterized. There is a public health imperative to characterize indoor sources of PM within this vulnerable population to enable effective intervention strategies. In the present study, we sought to identify determinants of indoor PM in homes of Baltimore inner-city pre-school children. Children ages 2-6 (n=300) who were predominantly African-American (90%) and from lower socioeconomic backgrounds were enrolled. Integrated PM(2.5) and PM(10) air sampling was conducted over a 3-day period in the children's bedrooms and at a central monitoring site while caregivers completed daily activity diaries. Homes of pre-school children in inner-city Baltimore had indoor PM concentrations that were twice as high as simultaneous outdoor concentrations. The mean indoor PM(2.5) and PM(10) concentrations were 39.5+/-34.5 and 56.2+/-44.8 microg/m(3), compared to the simultaneously measured ambient PM(2.5) and PM(10) (15.6+/-6.9 and 21.8+/-9.53 microg/m(3), respectively). Common modifiable household activities, especially smoking and sweeping, contributed significantly to higher indoor PM, as did ambient PM concentrations. Open windows were associated with significantly lower indoor PM. Further investigation of the health effects of indoor PM exposure is warranted, as are studies to evaluate the efficacy of PM reduction strategies on asthma health of inner-city children.
Descriptors
Air Pollutants/adverse effects/analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor/adverse effects/analysis, Asthma/epidemiology/etiology/prevention & control, Baltimore/epidemiology, Child, Child Welfare, Child, Preschool, Environmental Monitoring, Epidemiological Monitoring, Female, Housing, Humans, Male, Particulate Matter/adverse effects/analysis, Poverty, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects/analysis, Urban Population
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
McCormack,M. C., Breysse,P. N., Hansel,N. N., Matsui,E. C., Tonorezos,E. S., Curtin-Brosnan,J., Williams,D. L., Buckley,T. J., Eggleston,P. A., Diette,G. B.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20071024
PMCID
PMC2291550
Editors
|
|||
| Comparing two web-based smoking cessation programs: randomized controlled trial | 2008 | Oregon Research Institute, 1715 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene, OR 97403, USA. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of medical Internet research
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Med.Internet Res.
Pub Date Free Form
18-Nov
Volume
10
Issue
5
Start Page
e40
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20140902; GR: R01-CA79946/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 100959882; 0 (Placebos); OID: NLM: PMC2630830; 2007/11/14 [received]; 2008/07/06 [accepted]; 2008/02/22 [revised]; epublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1438-8871; 1438-8871
Accession Number
PMID: 19017582
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
10.2196/jmir.993 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
19017582
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Smoking cessation remains a significant public health problem. Innovative interventions that use the Internet have begun to emerge that offer great promise in reaching large numbers of participants and encouraging widespread behavior change. To date, the relatively few controlled trials of Web-based smoking cessation programs have been limited by short follow-up intervals. OBJECTIVE: We describe the 6-month follow-up results of a randomized controlled trial in which participants recruited online were randomly assigned to either a Web-based smoking cessation program (Quit Smoking Network; QSN) or a Web-based exercise enhancement program (Active Lives) adapted somewhat to encourage smoking cessation. METHODS: The study was a two-arm randomized controlled trial that compared two Web-based smoking cessation programs: (1) the QSN intervention condition presented cognitive-behavioral strategies, and (2) the Active Lives control condition provided participants with guidance in developing a physical activity program to assist them with quitting. The QSN condition provided smoking cessation information and behavior change strategies while the Active Lives condition provided participants with physical activity recommendations and goal setting. The QSN condition was designed to be more engaging (eg, it included multimedia components) and to present much greater content than is typically found in smoking cessation programs. RESULTS: Contrary to our hypotheses, no between-condition differences in smoking abstinence were found at 3- and 6-month follow-up assessments. While participants in the QSN intervention condition spent more time than controls visiting the online program, the median number of 1.0 visit in each condition and the substantial attrition (60.8% at the 6-month follow-up) indicate that participants were not as engaged as we had expected. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to our hypothesis, our test of two Web-based smoking cessation conditions, an intervention and an attention placebo control, failed to show differences at 3- and 6-month assessments. We explored possible reasons for this finding, including limited engagement of participants and simplifying program content and architecture. Future research needs to address methods to improve participant engagement in online smoking cessation programs. Possible approaches in this regard can include new informed consent procedures that better explain the roles and responsibilities of being a research participant, new program designs that add more vitality (changing content from visit to visit), and new types of reminders pushed out to participants to encourage return visits. Simplifying program content through a combination of enhanced tailoring and information architecture also merits further research attention.
Descriptors
Adult, Automation, Behavior Therapy, Cognitive Therapy, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Goals, Humans, Internet, Male, Middle Aged, Motivation, Patient Selection, Placebos, Self Concept, Smoking Cessation/methods/psychology, Social Support, Socioeconomic Factors, Software/standards, Therapy, Computer-Assisted/methods, Treatment Outcome
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
McKay,H. G., Danaher,B. G., Seeley,J. R., Lichtenstein,E., Gau,J. M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20081118
PMCID
PMC2630830
Editors
|
|||
| The effect of smoke-free homes on smoking behavior in the U.S | 2008 | Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0901, USA. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Periodical, Abbrev.
Am.J.Prev.Med.
Pub Date Free Form
Sep
Volume
35
Issue
3
Start Page
210
Other Pages
216
Notes
JID: 8704773; 2008/04/10 [received]; 2008/05/16 [revised]; 2008/05/19 [accepted]; 2008/07/11 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
0749-3797; 0749-3797
Accession Number
PMID: 18620837
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.amepre.2008.05.023 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
18620837
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Evidence from longitudinal population surveys is needed to establish whether smoke-free homes might influence smoking behavior. METHODS: The Tobacco Use Supplement of the nationally representative U.S. Current Population Survey (TUS-CPS) interviewed 3292 adult recent smokers in 2002 and again 12 months later. Both surveys measured smoking status, rules on smoking in the home, and the number of cigarettes smoked per day (cpd). For the main study outcome, an early marker of successful cessation (>or=90 days quit) was used. Analysis was completed in 2008. RESULTS: In the 12 months ending February 2003, the prevalence of smoke-free homes among recent smokers increased from 33% to 39%. A smoke-free home at baseline was associated with >or=90 days cessation at follow-up (10.9% vs 6.2%, AOR=1.44; 95% CI=0.97, 2.21), and those who maintained a smoke-free home were more likely to be >or=90 days quit than those who did not (12.9% vs 5.7%, AOR=1.99; 95% CI=0.93, 4.25). However, adopting a smoke-free home during the year was associated with a nearly fivefold increase in the percentage of >or=90 days quit (AOR=4.81; 95% CI=3.06, 7.59). This increase was seen among all smokers, including moderate-to-heavy smokers (>or=90 days quit: a smoke-free home=13.0% vs no smoke-free home=2.9%, p<0.001). Among continuing smokers with a smoke-free home at baseline, maintenance of te smoke-free home was associated with a decline in consumption (micro=or-2.18; 95 CI=or-1.24; -3.10 cpd). Among continuing smokers with no smoke-free home at baseline, adoption of that status was also associated with a decline in consumption (micro=or-1.72; 95% CI=or-0.58; -2.85 cpd). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides strong evidence that the adoption of a smoke-free home is associated with successful quitting among smokers in the U.S.
Descriptors
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Confidence Intervals, Female, Health Behavior, Health Promotion, Health Surveys, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Risk-Taking, Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation, Social Marketing, United States/epidemiology, Young Adult
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Messer,K., Mills,A. L., White,M. M., Pierce,J. P.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20080711
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Prevalence of waterpipe smoking among rural pregnant women in Southern Iran | 2008 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Med Princ Pract
Periodical, Abbrev.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
17
Issue
6
Start Page
435
Other Pages
9
Notes
ID: 18836270
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
en
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of waterpipe smoking among rural pregnant women in Southern Iran and to identify the impact of maternal waterpipe smoking on baby's birth weight. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A population-based survey was conducted in rural areas of Southern Iran in 2004 using existing health records and interviewing all mothers during the 10 days after delivery. Maternal exclusion criteria included cigarette smoking during pregnancy, a history or occurrence of epilepsy, diabetes and hypertension (gestational and/or essential) during pregnancy, factors that have been proved to have detrimental effects on birth weight. RESULTS: Of the 2,808 mothers interviewed, 224 (8%) were waterpipe smokers of which 90 (3.2%) and 134 (4.8%) were occasional (smoking less than once per day) and daily (at least once per day) smokers, respectively. Six hundred and seventy-four (24%) were passively exposed to waterpipe smoke during pregnancy and 322 (11.5%) were exposed to second-hand cigarette smoke. Mothers who started smoking during the first trimester had lower birth weight babies (3,215 +/- 612 g) compared to those who started smoking during the second or third trimesters (3,447 +/- 550 g, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Waterpipe smoking during pregnancy is prevalent in Southern Iran and appears to be a risk factor for low birth weight babies.
Descriptors
Infant, Low Birth Weight, Pregnancy Outcome, Rural Population, Smoking/adverse effects, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects, Birth Weight, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Iran/epidemiology, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Trimesters/drug effects, Prenatal Care/statistics & numerical data, Prevalence, Risk Factors
Links
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000151563
Book Title
Database
MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Mirahmadizadeh,Alireza, Nakhaee,Nouzar
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Prevalence of tobacco use among students aged 13-15 years in Health Ministers' Council/Gulf Cooperation Council Member States, 2001-2004 | 2008 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
J Sch Health
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Sch.Health
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
78
Issue
6
Start Page
337
Other Pages
43
Notes
ID: 18489467
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
en
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
BACKGROUND: This article examines differences and similarities in adolescent tobacco use among Member States of the Health Ministers' Council for the Gulf Cooperation Council (HMC/GCC) using Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data. METHODS: Nationally representative samples of students in grades associated with ages 13-15 in Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. Schools were selected proportional to enrollment size, classes were randomly selected within participating schools, and all students in selected classes were eligible to participate. RESULTS: GYTS results confirmed that boys are significantly more likely than girls to smoke cigarettes or use shisha (water pipe). Students had higher rates of tobacco use than adults in Bahrain, Oman, and United Arab Emirates. For boys and girls, shisha use was higher than cigarette smoking in almost all countries. Susceptibility to initiate smoking among never smokers was higher than current cigarette smoking in all countries. Exposure to secondhand smoke in public places was greater than 30%, direct protobacco advertising exposure was greater than 70% on billboards and in newspapers, and more than 10% of students were influenced by indirect advertising. Finally, less than half of the students were taught in school about the dangers of tobacco use in the past year. CONCLUSIONS: For boys and girls, high prevalence of cigarette smoking, high prevalence of shisha use, and high susceptibility of never smokers to initiate smoking in the next year are troubling indicators for the future of chronic disease and tobacco-related mortality in the Member States of the HMC/GCC.
Descriptors
Smoking/epidemiology, Adolescent, Female, Humans, Male, Middle East/epidemiology, Prevalence
Links
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2008.00311.x
Book Title
Database
MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Moh'd Al-Mulla,Ahmad, Abdou Helmy,Sahar, Al-Lawati,Jawad, Al Nasser,Sami, Ali,Abdel Rahman, Almutawa,Ayesha, Abi Saab,Bassam, Al-Bedah,Abdullah, Al-Rabeah,Abdullah, Ali Bahaj,Ahmed, El-Awa,Fatimah, Warren,Charles W., Jones,Nathan R., Asma,Samira
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Charcoal emissions as a source of CO and carcinogenic PAH in mainstream narghile waterpipe smoke | 2008 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Food Chem Toxicol
Periodical, Abbrev.
Food Chem.Toxicol.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
46
Issue
9
Start Page
2991
Other Pages
5
Notes
ID: 18573302
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
en
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
Burning charcoal is normally placed atop the tobacco to smoke the narghile waterpipe. We investigated the importance of charcoal as a toxicant source in the mainstream smoke, with particular attention to two well-known charcoal emissions: carbon monoxide (CO) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). CO and PAH yields were compared when a waterpipe was machine smoked using charcoal and using an electrical heating element. The electrical heating element was designed to produce spatial and temporal temperature distributions similar to those measured using charcoal. With a popular type of ma'assel tobacco mixture, and using a smoking regimen consisting of 105 puffs of 530ml volume spaced 17s apart, it was found that approximately 90% of the CO and 75-92% of the 4- and 5-membered ring PAH compounds originated in the charcoal. Greater than 95% of the benzo(a)pyrene in the smoke was attributable to the charcoal. It was also found that the relative proportions of individual PAH species, the "PAH fingerprint", of the mainstream smoke were highly correlated to those extracted from the unburned charcoal (R(2)>0.94). In contrast, there was no correlation between the PAH fingerprint of the electrically heated and charcoal-heated conditions (R(2)<0.02). In addition to inhaling toxicants transferred from the tobacco, such as nicotine, "tar", and nitrosamines, waterpipe smokers thus also inhale large quantities of combustion-generated toxicants. This explains why, despite the generally low temperatures attained in the narghile tobacco, large quantities of CO and PAH have been found in the smoke.
Descriptors
Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Carcinogens/analysis, Carcinogens/toxicity, Charcoal/analysis, Polycyclic Compounds/analysis, Polycyclic Compounds/toxicity, Smoke/analysis, Smoking/metabolism, Hot Temperature, Temperature, Tobacco/chemistry
Links
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2008.05.031
Book Title
Database
MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Monzer,Bassel, Sepetdjian,Elizabeth, Saliba,Najat, Shihadeh,Alan
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Phase-dependent antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus developing multicellular filamentous biofilms | 2008 | Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Antimicrob.Chemother.
Pub Date Free Form
Dec
Volume
62
Issue
6
Start Page
1281
Other Pages
1284
Notes
LR: 20141120; JID: 7513617; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Formazans); 0 (Pyrimidines); 0 (Triazoles); 70709-62-5 (1,5-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-3-((phenylamino)carbonyl)formazan); 7XU7A7DROE (Amphotericin B); F0XDI6ZL63 (caspofun
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1460-2091; 0305-7453
Accession Number
PMID: 18819968
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1093/jac/dkn402 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
18819968
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Aspergillus fumigatus undergoes morphological transition throughout its growth and development. These changes have direct implications for the effectiveness of antifungal treatment. Here we report the in vitro antifungal activity of voriconazole, amphotericin B and caspofungin against three specific phases of multicellular development of A. fumigatus. METHODS: A. fumigatus conidia were propagated for 8, 12 and 24 h prior to antifungal challenge. The resultant activity of the three agents tested was determined using an XTT reduction assay to assess both endpoint and time-kill susceptibility profiles. RESULTS: Endpoint susceptibility testing demonstrated a time-dependent decrease in efficacy for all three antifungal agents as the complexity of the A. fumigatus hyphal structure developed. Overall, amphotericin B exhibited the best spectrum of activity at each phase of growth, but was comparable to voriconazole against germinated conidial growth (8 h). Later, both voriconazole and caspofungin were ineffective against complex mycelial structures (12 and 24 h). Time-kill studies demonstrated that amphotericin B was significantly more efficacious at reducing A. fumigatus metabolism than both voriconazole and caspofungin for all three growth phases examined, most notably after 1 h of drug exposure (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the data presented demonstrate that treatment of actively growing A. fumigatus cells with antifungal agents is more efficacious than treating mature structures in vitro. Amphotericin B was consistently more effective against each phase and displayed rapid effects, and therefore may be a suitable option for managing patient groups at risk from aspergillosis infections.
Descriptors
Amphotericin B/pharmacology, Antifungal Agents/pharmacology, Aspergillus fumigatus/drug effects, Biofilms/drug effects, Echinocandins/pharmacology, Formazans/metabolism, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods, Microbial Viability, Mycelium/drug effects, Oxidation-Reduction, Pyrimidines/pharmacology, Spores, Fungal/drug effects, Triazoles/pharmacology, Voriconazole
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Mowat,E., Lang,S., Williams,C., McCulloch,E., Jones,B., Ramage,G.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20080926
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Opium, tobacco, and alcohol use in relation to oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a high-risk area of Iran | 2008 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Br J Cancer
Periodical, Abbrev.
Br.J.Cancer
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
98
Issue
11
Start Page
1857
Other Pages
63
Notes
ID: 18475303
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
en
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
The very high incidence of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in Golestan Province in northeastern Iran was suggested by studies in the 1970s as partly due to opium use, which is not uncommon in this area, but based on limited numbers. From December 2003 to June 2007, we administered a validated structured questionnaire to 300 ESCC cases and 571 controls, matched on neighbourhood of residence, age (+/-2 years), and sex. We used conditional logistic regression models to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) adjusted for potential confounders. Compared with those who used neither tobacco nor opium, risk of ESCC was increased in those who used tobacco only (OR, 95% CI: 1.70, 1.05-2.73), in those who used opium only (2.12, 1.21-3.74), and in those who used both tobacco and opium (2.35, 1.50-3.67). All forms of tobacco use (cigarettes, hookah, and nass) were associated with higher ESCC risk. Similarly, use of both crude opium and other forms of opium were associated with higher risk. Alcohol consumption was seen in only 2% of the cases and 2% of the controls, and was not associated with ESCC risk.
Descriptors
Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/etiology, Esophageal Neoplasms/etiology, Opium/adverse effects, Smoking/adverse effects, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mutagens/toxicity, Risk Factors
Links
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2410115/?tool=pubmed; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6604369
Book Title
Database
MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Nasrollahzadeh,D., Kamangar,F., Aghcheli,K., Sotoudeh,M., Islami,F., Abnet,C. C., Shakeri,R., Pourshams,A., Marjani,H. A., Nouraie,M., Khatibian,M., Semnani,S., Ye,W., Boffetta,P., Dawsey,S. M., Malekzadeh,R.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||