Image
WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year Sort ascending | Author | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| Comparison of cigarette and water-pipe smoking by Arab and non-Arab-American youth | 2008 | College of Nursing, Center for Health Research, Department of Family Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA. ac3844@wayne.edu | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Periodical, Abbrev.
Am.J.Prev.Med.
Pub Date Free Form
Oct
Volume
35
Issue
4
Start Page
334
Other Pages
339
Notes
LR: 20151119; GR: HD37498-R01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 HD037498-01A1/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; JID: 8704773; NIHMS69686; OID: NLM: NIHMS69686; OID: NLM: PMC2575814; 2007/01/16 [received]; 2008/04/09 [revised]; 2008/06/16 [accepted]; 2
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
0749-3797; 0749-3797
Accession Number
PMID: 18675529
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.amepre.2008.06.037 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
18675529
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Water-pipe smoking is a rapidly growing form of tobacco use worldwide. Building on an earlier report of experimentation with cigarette and water-pipe smoking in a U.S. community sample of Arab-American youth aged 14-18 years, this article examines water-pipe smoking in more detail (e.g., smoking history, belief in harmfulness compared to cigarettes, family members in home who smoke water pipes) and compares the water-pipe-smoking behaviors of Arab-American youth with non-Arab-American youth in the same community. METHODS: A convenience sample of 1872 Arab-American and non-Arab-American high school students from the Midwest completed a 24-item tobacco survey. Data were collected in 2004-2005 and analyzed in 2007-2008. RESULTS: Arab-American youth reported lower percentages of ever cigarette smoking (20% vs 39%); current cigarette smoking (7% vs 22%); and regular cigarette smoking (3% vs 15%) than non-Arab-American youth. In contrast, Arab-American youth reported significantly higher percentages of ever water-pipe smoking (38% vs 21%) and current water-pipe smoking (17% vs 11%) than non-Arab-American youth. Seventy-seven percent perceived water-pipe smoking to be as harmful as or more harmful than cigarette smoking. Logistic regression showed that youth were 11.0 times more likely to be currently smoking cigarettes if they currently smoked water pipes. Youth were also 11.0 times more likely to be current water-pipe smokers if they currently smoked cigarettes. If one or more family members smoked water pipes in the home, youth were 6.3 times more likely to be current water-pipe smokers. The effects of ethnicity were reduced as a result of the explanatory value of family smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Further research is needed to determine the percentages, patterns, and health risks of water-pipe smoking and its relationship to cigarette smoking among all youth. Additionally, youth tobacco prevention/cessation programs need to focus attention on water-pipe smoking in order to further dispel the myth that water-pipe smoking is a safe alternative to cigarette smoking.
Descriptors
Adolescent, Arabs, Chi-Square Distribution, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle East/ethnology, Midwestern United States/epidemiology, Smoking/epidemiology/ethnology, Surveys and Questionnaires
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Weglicki,L. S., Templin,T. N., Rice,V. H., Jamil,H., Hammad,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20080803
PMCID
PMC2575814
Editors
|
|||
| Study on method for benzene and its homologues in indoor air monitored by portable gas chromatography | 2008 | Institute for Environmental Health and Related Products Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Wei sheng yan jiu = Journal of hygiene research
Periodical, Abbrev.
Wei Sheng Yan Jiu
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
37
Issue
2
Start Page
164
Other Pages
167
Notes
LR: 20131121; JID: 9426367; 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); J64922108F (Benzene); L5I45M5G0O (ethylbenzene); ppublish
Place of Publication
China
ISSN/ISBN
1000-8020; 1000-8020
Accession Number
PMID: 18589598
Language
chi
SubFile
English Abstract; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
18589598
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To set up a method for the low concentration of benzene and its homologues (toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene, BTEX) in indoor air monitored simultaneously by portable gas chromatography (GC). METHODS: The target gas of individual benzene and its homologues was prepared in Tedlar bag by liquid standard solution. The air samples were collected with the on- board sampling pump and preconcentrated on a sorbent tube, then thermally desorbed into capillary column and detected by MAID detector to determine the retention time. Retention time was used to confirm the target compound. The mix calibration gas of benzene and its homologues was prepared by liquid external standard method. Peak area was used to determine the amount of mixture. RESULTS: The benzene and its homologues were separated very well in the selected analysis parameter. The analytical period was less than 15 min. The concentration ranges that could be determined were 0.018-0.879 mg/m3 of benzene, and 0.035-1.299 mg/m3 of toluene, and 0.035-1.300 mg/m3 of ethylbenzene, and 0.035-1.320 mg/m3 of m, p-xylene, and 0.035-1.296 mg/m3 of o-xylene, respectively. The minimum detectable concentration of benzene, toluene, m, p-xylene and o-xylene were 7.5, 11.5, 28.8, 30.3 and 30.6 microg/m3 respectively. The relative deviations between this method and standard method were less than 13.9% and 20.0% in laboratory and in filed study, respectively. In the precision experiment, the relative standard deviations of BTEX were less than 8.4% in different concentrations within one day and one week. CONCLUSION: This method which has high sensitivity and precision, and strong anti-interference ability could be used to detect the low concentration of benzene and its homologues in indoor air.
Descriptors
Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Benzene/analysis, Benzene Derivatives/analysis, Chromatography, Gas/methods, Environmental Monitoring/methods, Humans, Sensitivity and Specificity, Toluene/analysis
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Xu,C., Xu,D., Dong,X.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Concentrations of bisphenol a, bisphenol a diglycidyl ether, and their derivatives in canned foods in Japanese markets | 2008 | Nihon Waters KK, Katokichi Shin-Osaka Building, Osaka, Japan. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Agric.Food Chem.
Pub Date Free Form
26-Mar
Volume
56
Issue
6
Start Page
2041
Other Pages
2047
Notes
LR: 20131121; JID: 0374755; 0 (Benzhydryl Compounds); 0 (Epoxy Compounds); 0 (Phenols); F3XRM1NX4H (2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane); MLT3645I99 (bisphenol A); 2008/02/20 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
0021-8561; 0021-8561
Accession Number
PMID: 18284199
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1021/jf073106n [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
18284199
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), and their derivatives in 38 canned foods sold in Japan were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and LC-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). BPA, BADGE, BADGE.2H 2O, BADGE.HCl.H2O, BADGE.HCl, and BADGE.2HCl were 0-235.4, 0-3.4, 0-247.2, 0.2-196.4, 0-3.0, and 0-25.7 ng/g, respectively, which did not exceed acceptable daily intake for BPA and specific migration limit for BADGEs. BADGE was degraded by 58, 100, 46, and 58% in water (pH 7), 0.01 N HCl (pH 2), 0.01 N NaCl (pH 6.8), and 0.01 N NaCl with acetic acid (pH 2.5), respectively, when it was allowed to stand at 120 degrees C for 30 min. The prominent derivatives formed were BADGE.2H 2O and BADGE.HCl.H2O, which was formed not only in BADGE with added HCl but also in that with NaCl. Acetic acid accelerated the formation of both BADGE.2H2O and BADGE.HCl.H2O in NaCl. No BPA was detected in any simulation samples started from BADGE. The results suggest that BPA and BADGE are independently leached into canned foods and that BADGE is easily changed to more stable compounds such as BADGE.2H2O and BADGE.HCl.H2O by sterilization.
Descriptors
Benzhydryl Compounds, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Epoxy Compounds/analysis, Food Handling/methods, Food Packaging, Food Preservation, Hot Temperature, Japan, Mass Spectrometry, Phenols/analysis, Sterilization
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Yonekubo,J., Hayakawa,K., Sajiki,J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20080220
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| 3-Ethyl 5-methyl 2-hydr-oxy-6-methyl-4-(4-nitro-phen-yl)-2-trifluoro-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetra-hydro-py ridine-3,5-dicarboxyl-ate | 2008 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Acta crystallographica.Section E, Structure reports online
Periodical, Abbrev.
Acta Crystallogr.Sect.E.Struct.Rep.Online
Pub Date Free Form
9-Aug
Volume
64
Issue
Pt 9
Start Page
o1737
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20111209; JID: 101089178; OID: NLM: PMC2960706; 2008/07/22 [received]; 2008/08/02 [accepted]; 2008/08/09 [epublish]; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1600-5368; 1600-5368
Accession Number
PMID: 21201720
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
10.1107/S1600536808024835 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21201720
Abstract
In the title compound, C(18)H(19)F(3)N(2)O(7), the tetrahydropyridine ring adopts a half-chair conformation. The nitro group is disordered over two sites with occupancies of 0.780 (15) and 0.220 (15). An intra-molecular N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredF hydrogen bond is observed in the mol-ecular structure. The mol-ecules are linked into a two-dimensional network parallel to (100) by O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO, N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO and C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Yu,C. X., Qian,P. L., Ping,J. J., Yao,C. S.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20080809
PMCID
PMC2960706
Editors
|
|||
| Revealing source signatures in ambient BTEX concentrations | 2008 | Environmental, Water and Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Israel Institute of Technology, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
Periodical, Abbrev.
Environ.Pollut.
Pub Date Free Form
Nov
Volume
156
Issue
2
Start Page
553
Other Pages
562
Notes
LR: 20131121; JID: 8804476; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 0 (Industrial Waste); 0 (Oxidants, Photochemical); 0 (Vehicle Emissions); 0 (Xylenes); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); J64922108F (Benzene); L5I45M5G0O (ethylbenzene); S7G510RUBH (Nitrogen Dio
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1873-6424; 0269-7491
Accession Number
PMID: 18289752
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.envpol.2008.01.016 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
18289752
Abstract
Management of ambient concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) is essential for maintaining low ozone levels in urban areas where its formation is under a VOC-limited regime. The significant decrease in traffic-induced VOC emissions in many developed countries resulted in relatively comparable shares of traffic and non-traffic VOC emissions in urban airsheds. A key step for urban air quality management is allocating ambient VOC concentrations to their pertinent sources. This study presents an approach that can aid in identifying sources that contribute to observed BTEX concentrations in areas characterized by low BTEX concentrations, where traditional source apportionment techniques are not useful. Analysis of seasonal and diurnal variations of ambient BTEX concentrations from two monitoring stations located in distinct areas reveal the possibility to identify source categories. Specifically, the varying oxidation rates of airborne BTEX compounds are used to allocate contributions of traffic emissions and evaporative sources to observed BTEX concentrations.
Descriptors
Air Pollutants/analysis, Benzene/analysis, Benzene Derivatives/analysis, Environmental Monitoring/methods, Industrial Waste, Israel, Nitrogen Dioxide/analysis, Oxidants, Photochemical/analysis, Particle Size, Seasons, Time, Toluene/analysis, Vehicle Emissions, Xylenes/analysis
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Zalel,A., Yuval, Broday,D. M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20080304
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Prevalence of smoking and other smoking related behaviors reported by the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) in four Peruvian cities | 2008 | Centro de informacion y educacion para la prevencion del abuso de drogas (Cedro), Av. Roca y Bolona 271, Lima, Peru. azavale@terra.com.pe | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
BMC public health
Periodical, Abbrev.
BMC Public Health
Pub Date Free Form
15-Dec
Volume
8 Suppl 1
Issue
Start Page
S2
Other Pages
2458-8-S1-S2
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 100968562; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OID: NLM: PMC2604866; 2008/12/15 [aheadofprint]; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1471-2458; 1471-2458
Accession Number
PMID: 19091045
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1186/1471-2458-8-S1-S2 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
19091045
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: In 2004, Peru ratified the Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) and in 2006 passed Law 28705 for tobacco consumption and exposure reduction. The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) provides data on youth tobacco use for development of tobacco control programs. Findings from the GYTS conducted in four main cities in Peru in 2000 and 2003 are reported in this paper and can be used to monitor provisions of the WHO FCTC. METHODS: The GYTS is a school-based survey that uses a standardized methodology for sampling, questionnaire construction, field procedures, and data management. In total, 5,332 and 7,824 students aged 13 to 15 years participated in the 2000 and 2003 surveys conducted in Huancayo, Lima, Tarapoto and Trujillo. RESULTS: In both years, Lima had the highest lifetime (54.6% and 59.6%) and current use of tobacco (18.6% and 19.2%) of the four cities. According to gender, boys smoked more than girls and less than 20% of students initiated smoking before the age of 10. Among smokers, more than 60% bought their cigarettes in a store with no restriction for their age, and approximately 12% had ever been offered "free cigarettes". Around 90% of students were in favor of banning smoking in public places. Changes between 2000 and 2003 included an increase in the percentage of smokers who wanted to have a cigarette first thing in the morning in Tarapoto (from 0% to 1.2%) and a decrease in exposure to tobacco at home in Huancayo (from 23.7% to 17.8%) and Trujillo (from 27.8% to 19.8%) CONCLUSION: While few changes in tobacco use among youth have been observed in the GYTS in Peru, the data in this report can be used as baseline measures for future evaluation efforts. At this time, tobacco control efforts in Peru need to focus on enhancing Law 28705 to include enforcement of existing provisions and inclusion of new laws and regulations. Most of these provisions are required of all countries, such as Peru, that have ratified the WHO FCTC.
Descriptors
Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Humans, National Health Programs, Peru/epidemiology, Population Surveillance, Prevalence, Public Health Informatics, Public Policy, Risk-Taking, School Health Services/statistics & numerical data, Smoking/epidemiology/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Industry, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/statistics & numerical data, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology/prevention & control, Urban Health/statistics & numerical data, World Health Organization
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Zavaleta,A., Salas,M., Peruga,A., Hallal,A. L., Warren,C. W., Jones,N. R., Asma,S.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20081215
PMCID
PMC2604866
Editors
|
|||
| Community smoking behavior in Changqiao, Shanghai | 2008 | School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health / Asia-Pacific Academic Consortium for Public Health
Periodical, Abbrev.
Asia.Pac.J.Public.Health.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
20
Issue
2
Start Page
94
Other Pages
101
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 8708538; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish
Place of Publication
China
ISSN/ISBN
1941-2479; 1010-5395
Accession Number
PMID: 19124303
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1177/1010539507311182 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
19124303
Abstract
China has observed increasing tobacco use in the past decade. Only a few studies describing smoking behavior were reported at the community level in China. The present research aimed to obtain baseline data on tobacco use and factors that influence smoking behaviors in a local community in Shanghai, China. A total of 2100 residents in Changqiao, Shanghai, between ages 13 and 84 years were surveyed using a multistage proportional random sampling design. On the basis of that, a subsampling was conducted, and 1500 residents were randomly selected to avoid a cluster effect. There were 28.3% ever smokers (53.3% for men and 2.3% for women) and 23.5% current smokers (44.2% for men and 1.9% for women). Men ages 40 to 49 years smoked the most (more than 17 cigarettes per day on average). Age, education, and marital status were significant predictors of current smoking among men. Only 13.4% of current smokers were willing to quit. The prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure was 30.4% among nonsmokers. Smoking and secondhand smoking are serious problems in Changqiao, Shanghai. Comprehensive and intensive interventions should be implemented to motivate quitting and reduce secondhand smoke exposure.
Descriptors
Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, China/epidemiology, Female, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Prevalence, Residence Characteristics, Sex Distribution, Smoking/epidemiology, Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data, Social Behavior, Socioeconomic Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/statistics & numerical data, Young Adult
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Zheng,P., Fu,Y., Lu,Y., Ji,M., Hovell,M. F., Fu,H.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Home exposures to environmental tobacco smoke and allergic symptoms among young children in Singapore | 2008 | Department of Building, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. bdgzms@nus.edu.sg | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
International archives of allergy and immunology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Int.Arch.Allergy Immunol.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
146
Issue
1
Start Page
57
Other Pages
65
Notes
LR: 20151119; CI: Copyright 2007; JID: 9211652; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2007/04/11 [received]; 2007/09/05 [accepted]; 2007/12/14 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Switzerland
ISSN/ISBN
1423-0097; 1018-2438
Accession Number
PMID: 18087162
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
000112503 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
18087162
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Research relating environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposures have focused on childhood asthma. There have been fewer studies with conflicting results performed on associations of ETS exposures with allergic symptoms. We are interested to see if ETS exposures in the homes are associated with allergic symptoms among preschool children in Singapore where public smoking is banned. METHODS: A cross-sectional study adopting an expanded and modified ISAAC (International Study on Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) questionnaire for the evaluation of asthma and allergies was conducted on 6,794 children attending 120 randomly selected child care centers. Specific information on demographics and ETS exposures was obtained. Adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined using Poisson multivariate regression with a log-link function and robust variance estimates as recommended for cross-sectional studies. RESULTS: The response proportion was 70.0%, and 4,759 children from 97 centers participated. After adjusting for covariates, it was found that home ETS exposure was associated with increased risks of current symptoms of rhinitis (PR 1.23; 95% CI 1.01-1.50) and rhinoconjunctivitis (PR 1.79; 95% CI 1.26-2.54). These associations followed dose-response trends with respect to number of cigarettes smoked or smokers in the homes. Home ETS exposures were also associated with higher PRs of wheeze, nocturnal cough and doctor-diagnosed asthma. Compared with paternal smoking, higher risks of the above outcomes were found for maternal smoking. CONCLUSION: Home ETS exposure is a risk factor associated with rhinitis and asthma among preschool children.
Descriptors
Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Environmental Exposure/adverse effects, Female, Humans, Hypersensitivity/epidemiology/immunology, Infant, Male, Prevalence, Singapore/epidemiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
S. Karger AG, Basel
Data Source
Authors
Zuraimi,M. S., Tham,K. W., Chew,F. T., Ooi,P. L., David,K.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20071214
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Factors influencing lead and iron release from some Egyptian drinking water pipes | 2008 | Water Pollution Research Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, 33- El-Buhous Street, Dokki, Cairo,12311, Egypt. Street, Dokki, Cairo, 12311, Egypt. ragaei24@link.net | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of hazardous materials
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Hazard.Mater.
Pub Date Free Form
30-Dec
Volume
160
Issue
3-Feb
Start Page
675
Other Pages
680
Notes
LR: 20131121; JID: 9422688; 0 (Alkalies); 0 (Chelating Agents); 0 (Chlorides); 0 (Sulfates); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 2P299V784P (Lead); 9002-86-2 (Polyvinyl Chloride); 9G34HU7RV0 (Edetic Acid); E1UOL152H7 (Iron); 2007/11/09 [received]; 2008/03/12
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
0304-3894; 0304-3894
Accession Number
PMID: 18436372
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.03.040 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
18436372
Abstract
The major objective of this study is to assess the effect of stagnation time, pipe age, pipes material and water quality parameters such as pH, alkalinity and chloride to sulfate mass ratio on lead and iron release from different types of water pipes used in Egypt namely polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP) and galvanized iron (GI), by using fill and dump method. Low pH increased lead and iron release from pipes. Lead and iron release decreased as pH and alkalinity increased. Lead and iron release increased with increasing chloride to sulfate mass ratio in all pipes. EDTA was used as an example of natural organic matter which may be influence metals release. It is found that lead and iron release increased then this release decreased with time. In general, GI pipes showed to be the most effected by water quality parameters tested and the highest iron release. PVC pipes are the most lead releasing pipes while PP pipes are the least releasing.
Descriptors
Alkalies, Chelating Agents, Chlorides/analysis, Edetic Acid, Egypt, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Iron/analysis, Lead/analysis, Polyvinyl Chloride/analysis, Sulfates/analysis, Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis, Water Supply/analysis/standards
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Lasheen,M. R., Sharaby,C. M., El-Kholy,N. G., Elsherif,I. Y., El-Wakeel,S. T.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20080320
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco use patterns among youth in Canada | 2008 | Division of Preventive Oncology, Cancer Care Ontario, 620 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2L7. scott.leatherdale@cancercare.on.ca | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Cancer causes & control : CCC
Periodical, Abbrev.
Cancer Causes Control
Pub Date Free Form
May
Volume
19
Issue
4
Start Page
361
Other Pages
369
Notes
JID: 9100846; 2007/05/14 [received]; 2007/11/13 [accepted]; 2007/12/06 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
0957-5243; 0957-5243
Accession Number
PMID: 18058247
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1007/s10552-007-9095-4 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
18058247
Abstract
The authors characterized changes in the prevalence of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use over time, and examined age of onset, co-morbid use and sociodemographic factors associated with ever using alcohol, tobacco, or marijuana in a nationally representative sample of Canadian youth. Data were collected from students in grades 7-9 as part of the Canadian Youth Smoking Survey (n = 19,018 in 2002; n = 29,243 in 2004). Descriptive analyses examined age of onset, co-morbid substance use and changes over time. Logistic regression models were used to examine factors associated with ever trying alcohol, tobacco, or marijuana with the 2004 data. Alcohol was the most prevalent substance used by youth and it was also the only substance which exhibited increased rates of use between 2002 and 2004. Co-morbid substance use was common, and it was rare to find youth who had used marijuana or tobacco without also having tried alcohol. As expected, youth who had poorer school performance were more likely to drink and smoke marijuana or tobacco, as were youth with more disposable income. Such timely and relevant data are important for guiding future policy, programming, and surveillance activities.
Descriptors
Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Age of Onset, Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology/prevention & control/trends, Canada/epidemiology, Child, Child Behavior, Comorbidity, Demography, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Marijuana Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control/trends, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Sampling Studies, Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control/trends, Students, Tobacco
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Leatherdale,S. T., Hammond,D., Ahmed,R.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20071206
PMCID
Editors
|
|||