WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
Has the prevalence of parent-reported diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Germany increased between 2003-2006 and 2009-2012? Results of the KiGGS-study: first follow-up (KiGGS Wave 1)	2014	Abteilung fur Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, General-Pape-Strasse 62-66, 12101, Berlin, Deutschland, SchlackR@rki.de.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz Periodical, Abbrev. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 57 Issue 7 Start Page 820 Other Pages 829 Notes LR: 20160707; JID: 101181368; ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1437-1588; 1436-9990 Accession Number PMID: 24950831 Language ger SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1007/s00103-014-1983-7 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24950831 Abstract Recent international studies have reported a considerable increase in the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Data from German statutory health insurance companies suggest a comparable trend for Germany. Based on data from the nationally representative study KiGGS Wave 1 (2009-2012) it was the aim of this study to report on the prevalence rates of parent-reported ADHD diagnoses in children and adolescents aged 3-17 years as well as to report on time trends in comparison with the KiGGS baseline study (2003-2006). ADHD caseness was met if a parent reported that a physician or a psychologist diagnosed their child with ADHD. Participants without a reported ADHD diagnosis but who scored >/= 7 (clinical range) on the parent-rated hyperactivity subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were considered as potential ADHD cases. The prevalence of diagnosed ADHD was 5.0% (prevalence of potential ADHD cases 6.0%). An ADHD diagnosis was more than four and a half times more likely to be reported among boys than girls. Children from families with low socioeconomic status (SES) were more than two and a half times more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD than children from families with high SES. Among potential cases, boys were twice as common as girls, and children from families with low SES were approximately three times more common compared with those from high SES families. The proportion of lifetime ADHD diagnoses increased with age and was highest in 11- to 17-year-olds. In every fifth child with ADHD the initial diagnosis was made by the age of 6 years and in 1 out of 11 children with ADHD the initial diagnosis was made by the age of 5 years. In total, we observed no significant changes regarding the frequency of ADHD diagnosis compared to the KiGGS baseline study. Increases reported using data from German statuary health insurance companies were not reflected in the KiGGS data. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Schlack,R., Mauz,E., Hebebrand,J., Holling,H., KiGGS Study Group Original/Translated Title Hat die Haufigkeit elternberichteter Diagnosen einer Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitatsstorung (ADHS) in Deutschland zwischen 2003-2006 und 2009-2012 zugenommen? : Ergebnisse der KiGGS-Studie - Erste Folgebefragung (KiGGS Welle 1) URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
How long does secondhand smoke remain in household air: analysis of PM2.5 data from smokers' homes	2014	Scottish Centre for Indoor Air, Respiratory Group, Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK; Center for Human Exposure Science, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UK sean.semple@abdn.ac.uk.; Scottish Centre for	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 16 Issue 10 Start Page 1365 Other Pages 1370 Notes CI: (c) The Author 2014; JID: 9815751; 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2014/06/05 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 24904023 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntu089 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24904023 Abstract INTRODUCTION: More than 80% of secondhand smoke (SHS) is invisible to the human eye, and smokers are often unaware of how much SHS is produced when they smoke at home. Very little is known about how long SHS particles remain suspended in the air within household settings. METHODS: Data from a series of studies where fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations were measured every minute in homes were used to identify the PM2.5 peak produced by SHS from the last cigarette smoked of the day. The time taken for this peak to reduce by 50% was calculated, as was the time between the peak and a return to the World Health Organization's (WHO) 24-hr guidance value for PM2.5 of 25 microg/m(3). RESULTS: From more than 230 days worth of 1-min resolved PM2.5 data gathered from 103 smoking households, 140 suitable peaks were identified. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) for the time for the SHS peak to decay by 50% was 55 (23-116) min, and the median (IQR) for the peak to reduce to the WHO guidance value for PM2.5 was 160 (90-313) min. CONCLUSIONS: SHS remains in household air for a considerable period after smoking a cigarette. This information is likely to be of use in public health information campaigns and in interventions to encourage smokers to make their home smoke-free. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Data Source Authors Semple,S., Latif,N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140605 PMCID Editors
Prevalence and characterization of cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin co-resistant Escherichia coli isolates in retail chicken carcasses	2014		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Wei sheng yan jiu = Journal of hygiene research Periodical, Abbrev. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 43 Issue 5 Start Page 768 Other Pages 773 Notes JID: 9426367; 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 0 (Escherichia coli Proteins); 0 (Quinolones); 5E8K9I0O4U (Ciprofloxacin); N2GI8B1GK7 (Cefotaxime); ppublish Place of Publication China ISSN/ISBN 1000-8020; 1000-8020 Accession Number PMID: 25438532 Language chi SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25438532 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of cefotaxime in co-resistant Escherichia coli isolates in retail chicken samples and provide or the risk assessment and evaluation of new control measures of multi-drug i isolates in retail chicken products. METHODS: Whole chicken carcasses re collected from Shanxi (n = 91), Guangdong (n = 63) and Inner 53) from April to December in 2011, cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin co- li isolates were recovered and subjected to phylogenetic group typing and usceptibility testing. All isolates were further characterized by screening for genes, quinolone resistance determinants by PCR and followed by DNA sis. RESULTS: Cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin co-resistant E. coli isolates in 35.7% (73/207) of retail chicken carcasses. E. coli isolates of oup A were dominant (61.6%, 45/73) and all the isolates showed tant profiles. The dominant resistant profiles were AMP-CAZ-CTX-CIP- (n =34) and AMP-CAZ-CTX-CIP-CHL-GEN-SXT-TET (n = 24). Point and ciprofloxac mutations in quinolone resistance determination, regions of topoisomerases were identified in all the isolates and most of the isolates accumulated three (n = 56) or four (n = 12) point mutations. Plasmid mediated quinolone resistant determinants were identified in 50 isolates, including oqxAB (n = 48) , aac(6')-Ib-cr (n = 5) , qnrS1 (n = 5) and qnrS2 (n = 3). Six subtypes of blaCTX-M were identified in 72 E. coli isolates and blaCTX-M-55 (n = 62) was dominant. CONCLUSION: Retail chicken could serve as an important reservoir of cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin co-resistant E. coli isolates. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lin,L., Xu,X., Ren,X., Cui,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Ebola virus disease cases among health care workers not working in Ebola treatment units--Liberia, June-August, 2014	2014		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep. Pub Date Free Form 21-Nov Volume 63 Issue 46 Start Page 1077 Other Pages 1081 Notes JID: 7802429; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1545-861X; 0149-2195 Accession Number PMID: 25412067 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI mm6346a9 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25412067 Abstract West Africa is experiencing the largest Ebola virus disease (Ebola) epidemic in recorded history. Health care workers (HCWs) are at increased risk for Ebola. In Liberia, as of August 14, 2014, a total of 810 cases of Ebola had been reported, including 10 clusters of Ebola cases among HCWs working in facilities that were not Ebola treatment units (non-ETUs). The Liberian Ministry of Health and Social Welfare and CDC investigated these clusters by reviewing surveillance data, interviewing county health officials, HCWs, and contact tracers, and visiting health care facilities. Ninety-seven cases of Ebola (12% of the estimated total) were identified among HCWs; 62 HCW cases (64%) were part of 10 distinct clusters in non-ETU health care facilities, primarily hospitals. Early recognition and diagnosis of Ebola in patients who were the likely source of introduction to the HCWs (i.e., source patients) was missed in four clusters. Inconsistent recognition and triage of cases of Ebola, overcrowding, limitations in layout of physical spaces, lack of training in the use of and adequate supply of personal protective equipment (PPE), and limited supervision to ensure consistent adherence to infection control practices all were observed. Improving infection control infrastructure in non-ETUs is essential for protecting HCWs. Since August, the Liberian Ministry of Health and Social Welfare with a consortium of partners have undertaken collaborative efforts to strengthen infection control infrastructure in non-ETU health facilities. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Matanock,A., Arwady,M.A., Ayscue,P., Forrester,J.D., Gaddis,B., Hunter,J.C., Monroe,B., Pillai,S.K., Reed,C., Schafer,I.J., Massaquoi,M., Dahn,B., De Cock,K.M., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
8-{1-[(4'-Fluoro-[1,1'-biphen-yl]-4-yl)meth-yl]piperidin-4-yl}-3,4-di-hydro-quino lin-2(1H)-one chloro-form 0.25-solvate	2014	Department of Chemistry, King Fahad University of Petroleum & Minerals, 31261 Dahran, Saudi Arabia.; Institute of Physics, University of Neuchatel, rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Acta crystallographica.Section E, Structure reports online Periodical, Abbrev. Acta Crystallogr.Sect.E.Struct.Rep.Online Pub Date Free Form 4-Jan Volume 70 Issue Pt 2 Start Page o103 Other Pages 4 Notes LR: 20140428; JID: 101089178; OID: NLM: PMC3998275; 2014/02/01 [ecollection]; 2013/12/15 [received]; 2013/12/23 [accepted]; 2014/01/04 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1600-5368; 1600-5368 Accession Number PMID: 24764836 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1107/S160053681303448X [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24764836 Abstract In the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C27H27FN2O.0.25CHCl3, there are two independent mol-ecules (A and B) together with a partially disordered chloro-form mol-ecule situated about an inversion center. The conformation of the two mol-ecules is very similar. The bridging piperidine rings each have a chair conformation while the piperidin-2-one rings of the quinoline moiety have screw-boat conformations. The benzene rings of the biphenyl moiety are inclined to one another by 26.37 (4) and 23.75 (15) degrees in mol-ecules A and B, respectively. The mean plane of the central piperidine ring [r.m.s. deviation = 0.241 (2) A in both mol-ecules A and B] is inclined to the benzene ring of the quinoline moiety by 80.06 (4) in A and 83.75 (15) degrees in B, while it is inclined to the adjacent benzene ring of the biphenyl group by 73.623 (15) in A and 75.65 (14) degrees in B. In the crystal, individual mol-ecules are linked by pairs of N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds, forming A-A and B-B inversion dimers with R 2 (2)(8) ring motifs. The dimers are stabilized by C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds and linked via C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredF and C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network. Several C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredpi inter-actions are also present. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ullah,N., Stoeckli-Evans,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140104 PMCID PMC3998275 Editors
The mediating role of cytokine IL-6 on the relationship of FEV(1) upon 6-minute walk distance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	2014	Department of Pneumology, Scientific Institute of Montescano, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation IRCCS, Montescano, Pavia, Italy.; School of Psychology, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand.; Department of Pneumology, Scientific Institute of Montescano,	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Chron.Obstruct Pulmon Dis. Pub Date Free Form 7-Oct Volume 9 Issue Start Page 1091 Other Pages 1099 Notes LR: 20151119; ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01253941; JID: 101273481; 0 (Biomarkers); 0 (IL6 protein, human); 0 (Inflammation Mediators); 0 (Interleukin-6); OID: NLM: PMC4199845; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014 [ecollection]; 2014/10/07 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication New Zealand ISSN/ISBN 1178-2005; 1176-9106 Accession Number PMID: 25336940 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.2147/COPD.S57845 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25336940 Abstract OBJECTIVES: To explore the mediating role of protein interleukin-6 (IL-6) on the relationship between forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) and, further, to determine whether status variables (such as age, sex, and body mass index [BMI]) operate as moderators of this mediation relationship. DESIGN: Moderated mediation model. SETTING: An inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation center in Italy. PARTICIPANTS: All 153 patients involved in the screening of a randomized controlled clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01253941) were included in this study. All patients were Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stages I-IV and were aged 70.1+/-9.1 years. MEASUREMENTS: At run-in phase of the protocol, clinical and functional screening included BMI, fasting plasma levels of protein (IL-6), spirometry, and standardized 6-minute walking test, measured at the start of the respiratory rehabilitation program. METHODS: The size of the indirect effect of the initial variable (FEV1) upon the outcome variable (6MWD) through the intervening variable (IL-6) was computed and tested for statistical significance. Moderated mediation analyses were subsequently conducted with age, sex, and BMI. RESULTS: FEV1 averaged 53.4%+/-21.2%, and 6MWD 66.4%+/-41.3% of predicted. Median protein IL-6 was 6.68 pg/mL (interquartile range: 5.96). A bootstrapped mediation test supported the predicted indirect pathway (P=0.003). The indirect effect through IL-6 log units accounted for 17% of the total effect between FEV1 and 6MWD. Age functioned as a significant moderator of the mediational pattern. For individuals aged 70 years it was not significant (0.04, 95% CI: -0.010 to 0.142, P=0.10). CONCLUSION: This moderated mediation result based on concurrent data suggests, but does not prove, a causal role of systemic inflammatory syndrome on progression from functional impairment to "frailty" status and substantial disability in aging chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Baldi,S., Jose,P.E., Bruschi,C., Pinna,G.D., Maestri,R., Rezzani,A., Bellinzona,E., Fracchia,C., Dacosto,E., Crotti,P., Montemartini,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141007 PMCID PMC4199845 Editors
Hookah smoking: behaviors and beliefs among young consumers in the United States	2014	a Bryan School of Business and Economics, University of North Carolina Greensboro , Greensboro , North Carolina , USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Social work in public health Periodical, Abbrev. Soc.Work.Public.Health. Pub Date Free Form Volume 29 Issue 1 Start Page 17 Other Pages 26 Notes LR: 20150217; JID: 101308228; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1937-190X; 1937-190X Accession Number PMID: 24188293 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; H DOI 10.1080/19371918.2011.619443 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24188293 Abstract Hookah smoking is growing in popularity among college-age students in the United States. Community-based, semistructured, in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 college-age individuals who had used a hookah to smoke tobacco. A structured analysis of responses was conducted and framed in terms of the health belief model's four main constructs. Although hookah smokers were aware of the potential severity of tobacco-related illnesses, they did not express a perceived susceptibility to those illnesses. To the extent that cues to action exist with respect to hookah smoking, they generally serve to promote a risky behavior that is perceived to be largely social in nature. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Griffiths,M.A., Ford,E.W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Characterization of CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolates in the Republic of Korea during 2008-2011	2014	Division of Enteric Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong 363-951, Republic of Korea.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Microbiol.Biotechnol. Pub Date Free Form 28-Mar Volume 24 Issue 3 Start Page 421 Other Pages 426 Notes JID: 9431852; 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 0 (DNA, Bacterial); EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases); ppublish Place of Publication Korea (South) ISSN/ISBN 1738-8872; 1017-7825 Accession Number PMID: 24509253 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.4014/jmb.1401.01023 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24509253 Abstract To characterize the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in diarrheagenic Escherichia coli from Korea in 2008-2011, we screened seven enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and one enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) that produce ESBLs from a nationwide survey. All eight isolates produced CTX-M-type ESBLs, including CTX-M-12 (n = 4), CTX-M-14 (n = 2), and CTX-M-15 (n = 2). PCR-based replicon typing indicated that the blaCTX-M-12 genes of four ETEC isolates were carried on a conjugative IncF plasmid, whereas the blaCTX-M-14 of one EAEC was located on an IncK plasmid. This is the first report of the occurrence of blaCTX-M genes in clinical isolates of EAEC in Korea. The ESBL-producing isolates were shown to be different based on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing, whereas the four isolates with CTX-M-12 were clonally related. These observations raise an alarm for the spread of plasmid-mediated resistance to ESBL among diarrheagenic E. coli. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kim,J.S., Kim,J., Kim,S.J., Jeon,S.E., Oh,K.H., Cho,S.H., Kang,Y.H., Han,S.Y., Chung,G.T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Association among oral health parameters, periodontitis, and its treatment and mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis	2014	School of Health and Biosciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of periodontology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Periodontol. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 85 Issue 6 Start Page e169 Other Pages 78 Notes JID: 8000345; OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/11/14 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1943-3670; 0022-3492 Accession Number PMID: 24224959 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; D; IM DOI 10.1902/jop.2013.130427 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24224959 Abstract BACKGROUND: Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a continuous, reversible source of inflammation with a potential impact on mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). This study investigates the impact of oral health indicators, CP, and its treatment on survival rates in a group of patients undergoing HD. METHODS: Clinically stable patients undergoing HD were referred for a dental examination. All patients were prospectively followed in the dialysis clinic, and all-cause mortality was recorded. Three groups of patients were analyzed: those who received CP treatment, those who did not, and patients without CP as a control group. RESULTS: A total of 122 patients (79 males and 43 females, aged 23 to 77 years; mean age: 50 years; range: 23 to 77 years) were enrolled. Forty percent reported having rarely been evaluated by a dentist, and 59% had CP. There were 34 fatal events during a mean follow-up time of 64.1 +/- 11.2 months. Oral factors associated with death in the univariate analysis were decreased frequency of dental visits; non-use of dental floss; increased decayed, missing, and filled teeth index; presence of CP; and absence of CP treatment. Patients with CP had a higher risk of death from all causes compared with patients without CP in the univariate analysis for untreated patients (hazard ratio 2.65 [95% confidence interval 1.06 to 6.59]; P = 0.036) and to a lesser extent for treated patients (2.36 [1.01 to 5.59]; P = 0.047). These significant differences were not maintained after adjustments for confounders in the multivariate model. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that poor oral health, including CP, is a common finding in patients undergoing HD. The results of this study call for intervention trials to test the hypothesis that treatment of CP improves survival in maintenance of patients undergoing HD. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors de Souza,C.M., Braosi,A.P., Luczyszyn,S.M., Olandoski,M., Kotanko,P., Craig,R.G., Trevilatto,P.C., Pecoits-Filho,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20131114 PMCID Editors
Levels of saliva cotinine in electronic cigarette users	2014	Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 4, Switzerland.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addiction (Abingdon, England) Periodical, Abbrev. Addiction Pub Date Free Form May Volume 109 Issue 5 Start Page 825 Other Pages 829 Notes LR: 20151119; CI: (c) 2014; JID: 9304118; 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); K5161X06LL (Cotinine); OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/05/23 [received]; 2013/08/13 [revised]; 2013/12/19 [accepted]; 2014/02/21 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1360-0443; 0965-2140 Accession Number PMID: 24401004 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1111/add.12475 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24401004 Abstract AIMS: To assess saliva cotinine levels in experienced users of e-cigarettes ('vapers'). DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: An internet survey in 2011 and 2012, with collection of saliva vials by mail. Participants were 71 users of e-cigarettes enrolled mainly on websites and online forums dedicated to e-cigarettes. MEASUREMENTS: Use of e-cigarettes, tobacco and nicotine medications. Collection of saliva by mail and analysis of cotinine by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. FINDINGS: Most participants (89%) were former smokers, most (92%) were using e-cigarettes daily, had been using e-cigarettes for 12 months on average and puffed a median of 150 times per day on their e-cigarettes [mean = 220 puffs/day, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 169-271]. The median concentration of nicotine in refill liquids was 16 mg/ml (mean = 16.4, 95% CI = 14.5-18.3). In the 62 e-cigarette users who, in the past 5 days, had not used any tobacco or nicotine medications, the median cotinine level was 353 ng/ml (mean = 374, 95% CI = 318-429), the correlation between cotinine and nicotine concentration in e-liquids was r = 0.33 (P = 0.013), and the correlation between cotinine and the number of cigarettes smoked per day before quitting smoking was r = 0.48 (P Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Society for the Study of Addiction Data Source Authors Etter,J.F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140221 PMCID Editors

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