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The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year Sort ascending | Author | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cerebral arterial gas embolism in a professional diver with a persistent foramen ovale | 2015 | Lorn Medical Centre Soroba Road, Oban Argyll PA34 4HE, Scotland, E-mail: colinwilson@tiscali.co.uk.; West Scotland Centre for Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Scottish Association for Marine Science, Dunbeg, Oban, Argyll, Scotland. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Diving and hyperbaric medicine
Periodical, Abbrev.
Diving.Hyperb.Med.
Pub Date Free Form
Jun
Volume
45
Issue
2
Start Page
124
Other Pages
126
Notes
JID: 101282742; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/03/20 [received]; 2015/04/26 [accepted]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Australia
ISSN/ISBN
1833-3516; 1833-3516
Accession Number
PMID: 26165536
Language
eng
SubFile
Case Reports; Journal Article; IM
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26165536
Abstract
A 33-year-old, male professional scallop diver diving on the Outer Hebrides in Scotland rapidly developed symptoms of cerebral arterial gas embolism following a provocative dive with possibly a fast ascent. During transfer by helicopter to the mainland for treatment, his symptoms improved on surface oxygen. He was recompressed on a Royal Navy Treatment Table 62 (RN TT62) with complete resolution. Just over six weeks later, again diving on the Outer Hebrides and after adopting more conservative diving practices, he developed symptoms and signs of vestibular decompression sickness after a problem-free dive, with dizziness, poor co-ordination and gait, nausea and vomiting, and rotational vertigo. He was again transported to the mainland for recompression treatment. He received an extended RN TT62 and required fi ve further Comex 12 (223 kPa) hyperbaric oxygen treatments over the following three days before he was symptom free. A 4 mm persistent foramen ovale (PFO) was subsequently diagnosed and he underwent successful closure of the defect with Amplatzer device and returned to commercial diving a year later.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Wilson,C.M., Sayer,M.Dj
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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| Selection of lactic acid bacteria from Brazilian kefir grains for potential use as starter or probiotic cultures | 2015 | Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.; Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Anaerobe
Periodical, Abbrev.
Anaerobe
Pub Date Free Form
Apr
Volume
32
Issue
Start Page
70
Other Pages
76
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2014; JID: 9505216; 0 (RNA, Ribosomal); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/09/18 [received]; 2014/12/04 [revised]; 2014/12/22 [accepted]; 2014/12/24 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1095-8274; 1075-9964
Accession Number
PMID: 25542841
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.12.007 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25542841
Abstract
Brazilian kefir is a homemade fermented beverage that is obtained by incubating milk or a brown sugar solution with kefir grains that contribute their different microbiological compositions. It is highly important to isolate and characterize microorganisms from Brazilian kefir grains to obtain starter cultures for the industrial production of a standardized commercial kefir. Thus, the present study aimed to isolate lactic acid bacteria from eight kefir grains that were propagated in milk or sugar solutions from five different locations in Brazil and to select Lactobacillus isolates based on desirable in vitro probiotic properties. One hundred eight isolates from both substrates were identified by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis and/or 16S rRNA gene sequencing and were determined to belong to the following 11 species from the genera: Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus (L.), and Oenococcus. Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus kefiri, and Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens were isolated only from milk grains, whereas Lactobacillus perolens, Lactobacillus parafarraginis, Lactobacillus diolivorans, and Oenococcus oeni were isolated exclusively from sugar water grains. When the microbial compositions of four kefir grains were evaluated with culture-independent analyses, L. kefiranofaciens was observed to predominant in milk grains, whereas Lactobacillus hilgardii was most abundant in sugar water kefir. Unfortunately, L. hilgardii was not isolated from any grain, although this bacteria was detected with a culture-independent methodology. Fifty-two isolated Lactobacilli were tested for gastric juice and bile salt tolerance, antagonism against pathogens, antimicrobial resistance, and surface hydrophobicity. Three Lactobacillus strains (L. kefiranofaciens 8U, L. diolivorans 1Z, and Lactobacillus casei 17U) could be classified as potential probiotics. In conclusion, several lactic acid bacteria that could be used in combination with yeasts as starter cultures for both milk kefir and sugar water kefir were characterized, and the functional properties of several of the lactobacilli isolated from the kefir grains were suggestive of their possible use as probiotics in both kefir and other dairy products.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Data Source
Authors
Zanirati,D.F., Abatemarco,M.,Jr, Sandes,S.H., Nicoli,J.R., Nunes,A.C., Neumann,E.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20141224
PMCID
Editors
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| Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using lab on valve dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled to high performance chromatography | 2015 | Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.; Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.; Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Talanta
Periodical, Abbrev.
Talanta
Pub Date Free Form
1-Jun
Volume
138
Issue
Start Page
190
Other Pages
195
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 2984816R; 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/10/27 [received]; 2015/01/28 [revised]; 2015/02/03 [accepted]; 2015/02/11 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1873-3573; 0039-9140
Accession Number
PMID: 25863390
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.talanta.2015.02.007 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25863390
Abstract
In this work, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) method was applied for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) determination of 15 PAHs in aqueous matrices.The extraction procedure was automated using a system of multisyringe flow injection analysis coupled to HPLC instrument with fluorescence detector. Factors affecting the extraction process, such as type and volume of extraction and dispersive solvent, extraction time and centrifugation step were investigated thoroughly and optimized utilizing factorial design. The best recovery was achieved using 100 microL of trichloroethylene as the extraction solvent and 900 microL of acetonitrile as the dispersive solvent.The results showed that extraction time has no effect on the recovery of PAHs. The enrichment factors of PAHs were in the range of 86-95 with limits of detection of 0.02-0.6 microg L(-1). The linearity was 0.2-600 microg L(-1) for different PAHs. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for intra- and inter-day of extraction of PAHs were in the range of 1.6-4.7 and 2.1-5.3, respectively, for five measurements.The developed method was used to assess the occurrence of 15 PAHs in tap water, rain waters and river surface waters samples.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier B.V
Data Source
Authors
Fernandez,M., Clavijo,S., Forteza,R., Cerda,V.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150211
PMCID
Editors
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| Prevalence of beta-Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli from Retail Meat in Turkey | 2015 | Dept. of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal Univ, Hatay, Turkey.; Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal Univ, Hatay, Turkey.; Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, Mustafa Kema | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of Food Science
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Food Sci.
Pub Date Free Form
Sep
Volume
80
Issue
9
Start Page
M2023
Other Pages
9
Notes
CI: (c) 2015; JID: 0014052; 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 0 (Bacterial Proteins); 0 (Escherichia coli Proteins); 0 (Qnr protein, E coli); EC 3.5.2.6 (AmpC beta-lactamases); EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases); OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/02/17 [received]; 2015/06/23 [accepte
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1750-3841; 0022-1147
Accession Number
PMID: 26256548
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1111/1750-3841.12984 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26256548
Abstract
Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamase (pAmpC) producing Escherichia coli have been shown to be present in humans and animals representing a significant problem worldwide. This study aimed to search the presence of ESBL and/or AmpC-producing E. coli in retail meats (chicken and beef) in Turkey. A total of 88 beta-lactamase-producing E. coli were isolated from chicken (n = 81/100) and beef meat (n = 7/100) samples and their susceptibility to several antimicrobials were tested using disc diffusion method. E. coli isolates were further characterized for their phylogenetic groups. beta-Lactamase encoding (blaTEM , blaSHV , blaOXA , blaCTX-M , and blaAmpC ) and quinolone resistance genes (qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, qepA, and acc(6')-Ib-cr) were also secreened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, in regard to beta-lactamase genes, 84 of 88 isolates were positive for blaCTX-M-1 (n = 39), blaCTX-M-3 (n = 5), blaCTX-M-15 (n = 4), blaTEM-1b (n = 2), blaSHV-12 (n = 1), blaCTX-M-1 /blaTEM-1b (n = 10), blaCTX-M-1 /blaTEM-1b /blaSHV-5 (n = 1), blaCTX-M-1 /blaCMY-2 (n = 1) and blaTEM-1b /blaCMY-2 (n = 6), blaCTX-M-15 /blaSHV-12 (n = 1), blaCTX-M-15 /blaTEM-1b (n = 1), blaTEM-1b /blaSHV-12 (n = 1), and blaCMY-2 (n = 12) genes. Resistance to cefuroxime (75.6% and 85.7%), nalidixic acid (89% and 85.7%), tetracycline (91.4% and 100%), streptomycin (40.2% and 100%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (36.6% and 85.7%) was observed among strains isolated from chicken and beef, respectively. However, all isolates were found to be susceptible to amikacin, imipenem, and cefepime. Resistance to ampicillin and cefoxitin was significantly linked to blaCMY-2 gene, while there was a significant correlation between CTX-M type ESBL and antimicrobial resistance to cefuroxime and streptomycin (P
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Institute of Food Technologists(R)
Data Source
Authors
Pehlivanlar Onen,S., Aslantas,O., Sebnem Yilmaz,E., Kurekci,C.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150807
PMCID
Editors
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| Adiponectin May Modify the Risk of Barrett's Esophagus in Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease | 2015 | Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California.; Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California.; Departme | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association
Periodical, Abbrev.
Clin.Gastroenterol.Hepatol.
Pub Date Free Form
Dec
Volume
13
Issue
13
Start Page
2256
Other Pages
64.e1-3
Notes
LR: 20151123; CI: Copyright (c) 2015; GR: R01 DK063616/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DK63616/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: R56 DK087748/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: R56 DK087748/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; JID: 101160775; 0 (Adi
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1542-7714; 1542-3565
Accession Number
PMID: 25632808
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.cgh.2015.01.009 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25632808
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Abdominal obesity and increasing body mass index are risk factors for esophageal adenocarcinoma and its main precursor, Barrett's esophagus; however, there are no known biological mechanisms for these associations or regarding why only some patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease develop Barrett's esophagus. We evaluated the association between Barrett's esophagus and multimers of an adipose-associated hormone, adiponectin. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study evaluating the associations between adiponectin (total, high-molecular-weight, and low-/medium-molecular-weight) and Barrett's esophagus within the Kaiser Permanente Northern California population. Patients with a new diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus (cases) were matched to patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) without Barrett's esophagus and to population controls. RESULTS: Complete serologic and epidemiologic data were available for 284 cases, 294 GERD controls, and 285 population controls. Increasing adiponectin levels were a risk factor for Barrett's esophagus among patients with GERD (total adiponectin fourth vs first quartile odds ratio [OR], 1.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17-3.27; high-molecular-weight adiponectin OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.00-2.73; low-/medium-molecular-weight adiponectin OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.33-3.56), but not compared with population controls. The associations were significantly stronger among patients reporting frequent GERD symptoms and among smokers (P values interaction
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc
Data Source
Authors
Almers,L.M., Graham,J.E., Havel,P.J., Corley,D.A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150126
PMCID
PMC4515407
Editors
|
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| Puffing topography and nicotine intake of electronic cigarette users | 2015 | Cell Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America; Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
PloS one
Periodical, Abbrev.
PLoS One
Pub Date Free Form
9-Feb
Volume
10
Issue
2
Start Page
e0117222
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20150219; GR: F32HL116121/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 101285081; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); OID: NLM: PMC4321841; 2015 [ecollection]; 2014/09/05 [received]; 2014/12/20 [accepted]; 2015/02/09 [epublish]; epublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1932-6203; 1932-6203
Accession Number
PMID: 25664463
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0117222 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25664463
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Prior electronic cigarette (EC) topography data are based on two video analyses with limited parameters. Alternate methods for measuring topography are needed to understand EC use and nicotine intake. OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated EC topography with a CReSS Pocket device and quantified nicotine intake. METHODS: Validation tests on pressure drop, flow rate, and volume confirmed reliable performance of the CReSS Pocket device. Twenty participants used Blu Cigs and V2 Cigs for 10 minute intervals with a 10-15 minute break between brands. Brand order was reversed and repeated within 7 days Data were analyzed to determine puff duration, puff count, volume, flow rate, peak flow, and inter-puff interval. Nicotine intake was estimated from cartomizer fluid consumption and topography data. RESULTS: Nine patterns of EC use were identified. The average puff count and inter-puff interval were 32 puffs and 17.9 seconds. All participants, except one, took more than 20 puffs/10 minutes. The averages for puff duration (2.65 seconds/puff), volume/puff (51 ml/puff), total puff volume (1,579 ml), EC fluid consumption (79.6 mg), flow rate (20 ml/s), and peak flow rate (27 ml/s) were determined for 10-minute sessions. All parameters except total puff count were significantly different for Blu versus V2 EC. Total volume for Blu versus V2 was four-times higher than for conventional cigarettes. Average nicotine intake for Blu and V2 across both sessions was 1.2 +/- 0.5 mg and 1.4 +/- 0.7 mg, respectively, which is similar to conventional smokers. CONCLUSIONS: EC puffing topography was variable among participants in the study, but often similar within an individual between brands or days. Puff duration, inter-puff interval, and puff volume varied from conventional cigarette standards. Data on total puff volume and nicotine intake are consistent with compensatory usage of EC. These data can contribute to the development of a standard protocol for laboratory testing of EC products.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Behar,R.Z., Hua,M., Talbot,P.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150209
PMCID
PMC4321841
Editors
|
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| Explaining the effects of electronic cigarettes on craving for tobacco in recent quitters | 2015 | Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Electronic address: Jean-Francois.Etter@unige.ch. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Drug and alcohol dependence
Periodical, Abbrev.
Drug Alcohol Depend.
Pub Date Free Form
1-Mar
Volume
148
Issue
Start Page
102
Other Pages
108
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 7513587; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/10/23 [received]; 2014/12/17 [revised]; 2014/12/20 [accepted]; 2015/01/03 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Ireland
ISSN/ISBN
1879-0046; 0376-8716
Accession Number
PMID: 25592454
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.12.030 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25592454
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To explore how e-cigarettes attenuate craving for tobacco, in e-cigarette users who recently quit smoking. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey of recent quitters, Internet (French and English), 2012-2014. Participants were 374 daily users of e-cigarettes who had quit smoking in the previous two months, enrolled on websites dedicated to e-cigarettes and to smoking cessation. We measured perception that e-cigarettes attenuate craving for tobacco cigarettes, characteristics of e-cigarettes, modifications of the devices, patterns of e-cigarette use, reasons for use, satisfaction with e-cigarettes, dependence on e-cigarettes, and personal characteristics. RESULTS: The strongest attenuation of craving for tobacco was obtained by using higher nicotine concentrations in refill liquids, modular systems (rather than unmodified devices), and high voltage batteries. The strength of the effect of e-cigarettes on craving was also associated with more intensive use (more puffs per day, more refill liquid). Stronger effects on craving were associated with satisfaction with e-cigarettes, and with reporting that e-cigarettes helped to quit smoking. Participants who reported the strongest effects on craving for tobacco were the most dependent on the e-cigarette and had the strongest urges to vape. CONCLUSIONS: From a public health perspective, there is a trade-off between e-cigarettes that provide high levels of nicotine, high satisfaction and more effects on craving for tobacco, but may also be addictive, and e-cigarettes that contain less nicotine and are less addictive, but are also less satisfactory and less efficient at relieving craving and at helping dependent smokers quit smoking. This trade-off must be kept in mind when regulating e-cigarettes.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Ireland Ltd
Data Source
Authors
Etter,J.F.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150103
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Preliminary results of an examination of electronic cigarette user puff topography: the effect of a mouthpiece-based topography measurement device on plasma nicotine and subjective effects | 2015 | Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA;; Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA;; Center for the Study | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Periodical, Abbrev.
Nicotine Tob.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Feb
Volume
17
Issue
2
Start Page
142
Other Pages
149
Notes
LR: 20160519; CI: (c) The Author 2014; GR: P50 DA036105/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50DA036105/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); OID: NLM: PMC4838000; 2014/09/19 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1469-994X; 1462-2203
Accession Number
PMID: 25239957
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM
DOI
10.1093/ntr/ntu186 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25239957
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) heat a nicotine-containing solution; the resulting aerosol is inhaled by the user. Nicotine delivery may be affected by users' puffing behavior (puff topography), and little is known about the puff topography of ECIG users. Puff topography can be measured using mouthpiece-based computerized systems. However, the extent to which a mouthpiece influences nicotine delivery and subjective effects in ECIG users is unknown. METHODS: Plasma nicotine concentration, heart rate, and subjective effects were measured in 13 experienced ECIG users who used their preferred ECIG and liquid (>/= 12 mg/ml nicotine) during 2 sessions (with or without a mouthpiece). In both sessions, participants completed an ECIG use session in which they were instructed to take 10 puffs with 30-second inter-puff intervals. Puff topography was recorded in the mouthpiece condition. RESULTS: Almost all measures of the effects of ECIG use were independent of topography measurement. Collapsed across session, mean plasma nicotine concentration increased by 16.8 ng/ml, and mean heart rate increased by 8.5 bpm (ps
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Data Source
Authors
Spindle,T.R., Breland,A.B., Karaoghlanian,N.V., Shihadeh,A.L., Eissenberg,T.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140919
PMCID
PMC4838000
Editors
|
|||
| Prevalence and correlates of electronic cigarette use among adolescents in Greece: a preliminary cross-sectional analysis of nationwide survey data | 2015 | National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Department of Neurology-Psychiatry-Social Medicine, 72 Vasilissis Sofias Ave., Athens 11528, Greece; University Mental Health Research Institute, 2 Soranou tou Efesiou St., Athens 11527, Greece | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Addictive Behaviors
Periodical, Abbrev.
Addict.Behav.
Pub Date Free Form
Dec
Volume
51
Issue
Start Page
88
Other Pages
92
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 7603486; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/01/11 [received]; 2015/07/21 [revised]; 2015/07/23 [accepted]; 2015/07/26 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1873-6327; 0306-4603
Accession Number
PMID: 26240943
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.07.021 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26240943
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: This study reports the prevalence of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among adolescents in Greece and explores how dual smokers of e-cigarettes and combustible (conventional) cigarettes differ from smokers of only combustible cigarettes across socio-demographic, familial, psychosomatic health and substance use characteristics. METHODS: Self-reports on smoking were collected from a nationally representative sample of 1320 15-year-old Greek students in the 2014 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out with dependent variables a) lifetime smoking conventional cigarettes and b) lifetime e-cigarette use among lifetime smokers. RESULTS: About 36.9% of 15-year-olds reported lifetime smoking of conventional cigarettes, and 16.6% lifetime use of e-cigarettes, mostly experimenting (0.5% reported current e-cigarette use). Six in 7 ever e-cigarette smokers had smoked conventional cigarettes. Peers who smoke and lifetime cannabis use were significant correlates of both lifetime conventional cigarette and e-cigarette smoking, but more strongly for smoking conventional cigarettes. Alcohol use and low parental monitoring correlated with tobacco smoking but not e-cigarette use. Girls were more likely than boys to report lifetime use of tobacco, but, among lifetime smokers, boys had almost seven times the odds of girls of e-cigarette use. In lifetime smokers, low life satisfaction in females and current smoking of conventional tobacco were independently associated with the experimentation with e-cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS: Experimental use of e-cigarettes is relatively widespread among adolescents in Greece. Targeted interventions should focus on male smokers and the role of peer processes and cannabis use in the risk of experimenting with e-cigarettes.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Data Source
Authors
Fotiou,A., Kanavou,E., Stavrou,M., Richardson,C., Kokkevi,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150726
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Clinical features of patients isolated for suspected Ebola virus disease at Connaught Hospital, Freetown, Sierra Leone: a retrospective cohort study | 2015 | King's Sierra Leone Health Partnership, King's Centre for Global Health, King's Health Partners and King's College London, London, UK. Electronic address: marta.lado@kcl.ac.uk.; King's Sierra Leone Health Partnership, King's Centre for Global Health, King | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The Lancet.Infectious diseases
Periodical, Abbrev.
Lancet Infect.Dis.
Pub Date Free Form
Sep
Volume
15
Issue
9
Start Page
1024
Other Pages
1033
Notes
LR: 20160713; CI: Copyright (c) 2015; GR: 100693/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom; GR: Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom; JID: 101130150; CIN: Lancet Infect Dis. 2016 Jan;16(1):18-9. PMID: 26738827; CIN: Lancet Infect Dis. 2015 Sep;15(9):989-90. PMID: 26213247;
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1474-4457; 1473-3099
Accession Number
PMID: 26213248
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00137-1 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26213248
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The size of the west African Ebola virus disease outbreak led to the urgent establishment of Ebola holding unit facilities for isolation and diagnostic testing of patients with suspected Ebola virus disease. Following the onset of the outbreak in Sierra Leone, patients presenting to Connaught Hospital in Freetown were screened for suspected Ebola virus disease on arrival and, if necessary, were admitted to the on-site Ebola holding unit. Since demand for beds in this unit greatly exceeded capacity, we aimed to improve the selection of patients with suspected Ebola virus disease for admission by identifying presenting clinical characteristics that were predictive of a confirmed diagnosis. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, we recorded the presenting clinical characteristics of suspected Ebola virus disease cases admitted to Connaught Hospital's Ebola holding unit. Patients were subsequently classified as confirmed Ebola virus disease cases or non-cases according to the result of Ebola virus reverse-transcriptase PCR (EBOV RT-PCR) testing. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and likelihood ratio of every clinical characteristic were calculated, to estimate the diagnostic accuracy and predictive value of each clinical characteristic for confirmed Ebola virus disease. RESULTS: Between May 29, 2014, and Dec 8, 2014, 850 patients with suspected Ebola virus disease were admitted to the holding unit, of whom 724 had an EBOV RT-PCR result recorded and were included in the analysis. In 464 (64%) of these patients, a diagnosis of Ebola virus disease was confirmed. Fever or history of fever (n=599, 83%), intense fatigue or weakness (n=495, 68%), vomiting or nausea (n=365, 50%), and diarrhoea (n=294, 41%) were the most common presenting symptoms in suspected cases. Presentation with intense fatigue, confusion, conjunctivitis, hiccups, diarrhea, or vomiting was associated with increased likelihood of confirmed Ebola virus disease. Three or more of these symptoms in combination increased the probability of Ebola virus disease by 3.2-fold (95% CI 2.3-4.4), but the sensitivity of this strategy for Ebola virus disease diagnosis was low. In a subgroup analysis, 15 (9%) of 161 confirmed Ebola virus disease cases reported neither a history of fever nor a risk factor for Ebola virus disease exposure. INTERPRETATION: Discrimination of Ebola virus disease cases from patients without the disease is a major challenge in an outbreak and needs rapid diagnostic testing. Suspected Ebola virus disease case definitions that rely on history of fever and risk factors for Ebola virus disease exposure do not have sufficient sensitivity to identify all cases of the disease. FUNDING: None.
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Elsevier Ltd
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Lado,M., Walker,N.F., Baker,P., Haroon,S., Brown,C.S., Youkee,D., Studd,N., Kessete,Q., Maini,R., Boyles,T., Hanciles,E., Wurie,A., Kamara,T.B., Johnson,O., Leather,A.J.
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20150723
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