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WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year Sort ascending | Author | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dual use of smokeless tobacco or e-cigarettes with cigarettes and cessation | 2015 | Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Center for | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
American Journal of Health Behavior
Periodical, Abbrev.
Am.J.Health Behav.
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
39
Issue
2
Start Page
277
Other Pages
284
Notes
LR: 20160301; GR: R01 CA141661/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01-CA141661/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: T32HP19025/PHS HHS/United States; JID: 9602338; NIHMS691065; OID: NLM: NIHMS691065; OID: NLM: PMC4472731; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1945-7359; 1087-3244
Accession Number
PMID: 25564840
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.5993/AJHB.39.2.14 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25564840
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate predictors of dual use of cigarettes with smokeless tobacco or e-cigarettes. METHODS: Adult smokers (N = 1324) completed online cross-sectional surveys. Logistic regression evaluated predictors of dual use and cigarette quit attempts. RESULTS: Smokeless tobacco dual use was associated with past attempts to quit smoking by switching to smokeless products. E-cigarette dual use was associated with using stop-smoking medication and strong anti-tobacco industry attitudes. Ever use of stop-smoking medication was associated with quit attempts among dual e-cigarette users and cigarette-only users. CONCLUSIONS: Dual users are more likely than cigarette-only users to endorse certain cessation-related attitudes and behaviors. This may provide an opportunity for clinicians or others to discuss evidence-based strategies for smoking cessation.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Kalkhoran,S., Grana,R.A., Neilands,T.B., Ling,P.M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
PMC4472731
Editors
|
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| First tobacco product tried: associations with smoking status and demographics among college students | 2015 | Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, USA. Electronic address: ESutfin@wakehealth.edu.; Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Publi | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Addictive Behaviors
Periodical, Abbrev.
Addict.Behav.
Pub Date Free Form
Dec
Volume
51
Issue
Start Page
152
Other Pages
157
Notes
LR: 20150902; CI: Copyright (c) 2015; GR: R01 CA141643/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01CA141643/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7603486; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/02/10 [received]; 2015/07/17 [revised]; 2015/07/23 [accepted]; 2015/07/26 [aheadofprint]; pp
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1873-6327; 0306-4603
Accession Number
PMID: 26265038
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.07.022 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26265038
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: As the tobacco market expands, so too have the opportunities for youth to be introduced to nicotine. The goal of this study was to identify product choice for initial tobacco trial, correlates associated with product choice, and the relationship between first product and current cigarette smoking among college students. METHODS: A cross-sectional web survey of 3146 first-year students at 11 universities in North Carolina and Virginia was conducted in fall 2010. RESULTS: Weighted prevalence of ever use of tobacco was 48.6%. Cigarettes were the most common first product (37.9%), followed by cigars (29.3%), hookahs (24.6%), smokeless tobacco (6.1%), and bidis/kreteks (2.2%). Two thirds (65%) of current smokers initiated with cigarettes, but 16.4% started with cigars, 11.1% with hookahs, 5.7% with smokeless, and 1.7% with bidis/kreteks. Females were more likely to report their first product was cigarettes and hookahs, while males were more likely to start with cigars and smokeless tobacco. Compared to those whose first product trial occurred after the age of 18, younger age of initiation (17years or younger) was associated with cigarettes and smokeless as first products, while older age of initiation (18 or older) was associated with starting with hookahs and cigars. Dual or poly tobacco use was more common among those who initiated with hookahs and smokeless tobacco. CONCLUSIONS: While over a third of students used cigarettes first, two thirds started with a non-cigarette product. Just about a third of current cigarette smokers initiated with a non-cigarette product, suggesting that those non-cigarette products may have facilitated escalation to cigarettes.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Data Source
Authors
Sutfin,E.L., Sparks,A., Pockey,J.R., Suerken,C.K., Reboussin,B.A., Wagoner,K.G., Spangler,J., Wolfson,M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150726
PMCID
Editors
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| Role of Cigarette Smoke-Induced Aggresome Formation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-Emphysema Pathogenesis | 2015 | Departments of 1 Pediatric Respiratory Science and.; 2 Biomedical Engineering, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and.; Departments of 1 Pediatric Respiratory Science and.; 2 Biomedical Engineering, the Johns Hopkins Uni | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Am.J.Respir.Cell Mol.Biol.
Pub Date Free Form
Aug
Volume
53
Issue
2
Start Page
159
Other Pages
173
Notes
GR: R01HL59410-04/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; GR: U54CA141868/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 8917225; 0 (Cell Cycle Proteins); 0 (P62 protein, human); 0 (RNA-Binding Proteins); 0 (Ubiquitinated Proteins); EC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatases); EC
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1535-4989; 1044-1549
Accession Number
PMID: 25490051
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1165/rcmb.2014-0107OC [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25490051
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure is known to induce proteostasis imbalance that can initiate accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins. Therefore, the primary goal of this study was to determine if first- and secondhand CS induces localization of ubiquitinated proteins in perinuclear spaces as aggresome bodies. Furthermore, we sought to determine the mechanism by which smoke-induced aggresome formation contributes to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-emphysema pathogenesis. Hence, Beas2b cells were treated with CS extract (CSE) for in vitro experimental analysis of CS-induced aggresome formation by immunoblotting, microscopy, and reporter assays, whereas chronic CS-exposed murine model and human COPD-emphysema lung tissues were used for validation. In preliminary analysis, we observed a significant (P
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Tran,I., Ji,C., Ni,I., Min,T., Tang,D., Vij,N.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
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| Bond strength of composite resin to enamel and dentin prepared with Er,Cr:YSGG laser | 2015 | Advanced Operative Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University Graduate School of Life Dentistry at Niigata. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Dental materials journal
Periodical, Abbrev.
Dent.Mater.J.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
34
Issue
6
Start Page
863
Other Pages
871
Notes
JID: 8309299; ppublish
Place of Publication
Japan
ISSN/ISBN
1881-1361; 0287-4547
Accession Number
PMID: 26632236
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D
DOI
10.4012/dmj.2015-053 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26632236
Abstract
We aimed to examine the effect of various adhesive systems on the bond strength of composite resin to enamel or dentin prepared with erbium, chromium: yttrium scandium gallium garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser. Each laser-cut enamel or dentin surface was treated with a bonding agent (SBB, Group 1); self-etching primer (SBP) and SBB (Group 2 and control); phosphoric-acid (KET), SBP and SBB (Group 3); KET, sodium-hypochlorite (ADG), SBP and SBB (Group 4); all-in-one adhesive (TSB, Group 5); or KET, ADG and TSB (Group 6). The control group was only polished with wet silicon carbide papers. The enamel shear bond strength of Group 5 was significantly lower than that of other groups (p
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Takada,M., Shinkai,K., Kato,C., Suzuki,M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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| Cutis marmorata in decompression illness may be cerebrally mediated: a novel hypothesis on the aetiology of cutis marmorata | 2015 | 4Department of Anesthesiology/Hyperbaric Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Cardiothoracic Surgery Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, Oosterpark 9 1091 AC Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Phone: +31-(0)6-5799-3488, E-mail: t.kemper@me.com.; Depa | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Diving and hyperbaric medicine
Periodical, Abbrev.
Diving.Hyperb.Med.
Pub Date Free Form
Jun
Volume
45
Issue
2
Start Page
84
Other Pages
88
Notes
LR: 20160224; JID: 101282742; CIN: Diving Hyperb Med. 2015 Dec;45(4):261. PMID: 26687315; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/03/03 [received]; 2015/04/04 [accepted]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Australia
ISSN/ISBN
1833-3516; 1833-3516
Accession Number
PMID: 26165529
Language
eng
SubFile
Case Reports; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26165529
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Cutaneous decompression sickness (DCS) is often considered to be a mild entity that may be explained by either vascular occlusion of skin vessels by bubbles entering the arterial circulation through a right-to-left shunt or bubble formation due to saturated subcutaneous tissue during decompression. We propose an alternative hypothesis. METHODS: The case is presented of a 30-year-old female diver with skin DCS on three separate occasions following relatively low decompression stress dives. Also presented are the fi ndings of cutaneous appearances in previously reported studies on cerebral arterial air embolism in pigs. RESULTS: There was a close similarity in appearance between the skin lesions in this woman (and in other divers) and those in the pigs, suggesting a common pathway. CONCLUSIONS: From this, we hypothesize that the cutaneous lesions are cerebrally mediated. Therefore, cutaneous DCS might be a more serious event that should be treated accordingly. This hypothesis may be supported by the fact that cutis marmorata is also found in other fi elds of medicine in a non-diving context, where the rash is referred to as livedo reticularis or livedo racemosa. These are associated with a wide number of conditions but of particular interest is Sneddon's syndrome, which describes the association of livedo racemosa with cerebrovascular events or vascular brain abnormalities. Finally, there is a need for further research on the immunocytochemical pathway of cutaneous DCS.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Kemper,T.C., Rienks,R., van Ooij,P.J., van Hulst,R.A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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| Diversity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Brazilian water buffalo mozzarella cheese | 2015 | UNESP-Sao Paulo State Univ, Food Engineering and Technology Dept, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of Food Science
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Food Sci.
Pub Date Free Form
Feb
Volume
80
Issue
2
Start Page
M411
Other Pages
7
Notes
CI: (c) 2015; JID: 0014052; 0 (DNA, Bacterial); 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S); 33X04XA5AT (Lactic Acid); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/08/17 [received]; 2014/04/12 [accepted]; 2015/01/16 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1750-3841; 0022-1147
Accession Number
PMID: 25597646
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1111/1750-3841.12771 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25597646
Abstract
The water buffalo mozzarella cheese is a typical Italian cheese which has been introduced in the thriving Brazilian market in the last 10 y, with good acceptance by its consumers. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play an important role in the technological and sensory quality of mozzarella cheese. In this study, the aim was to evaluate the diversity of the autochthones viable LAB isolated from water buffalo mozzarella cheese under storage. Samples were collected in 3 independent trials in a dairy industry located in the southeast region of Brazil, on the 28th day of storage, at 4 masculineC. The LAB were characterized by Gram staining, catalase test, capacity to assimilate citrate, and production of CO2 from glucose. The diversity of LAB was evaluated by RAPD-PCR (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction), 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and by Vitek 2 system. Twenty LAB strains were isolated and clustered into 12 different clusters, and identified as Streptococcus thermophilus, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus durans, Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, and Lactobacillus helveticus. Enterococcus species were dominant and citrate-positive. Only the strains of L. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides and L. fermentum produced CO2 from glucose and were citrate-positive, while L. casei was only citrate positive. This is the first report which elucidates the LAB diversity involved in Brazilian water buffalo mozzarella cheese. Furthermore, the results show that despite the absence of natural whey cultures as starters in production, the LAB species identified are the ones typically found in mozzarella cheese.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Institute of Food Technologists(R)
Data Source
Authors
Silva,L.F., Casella,T., Gomes,E.S., Nogueira,M.C., De Dea Lindner,J., Penna,A.L.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150116
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Emulsification liquid-liquid microextraction based on deep eutectic solvent: An extraction method for the determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water samples | 2015 | Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ilam University, Ilam 69315-516, Iran.; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ilam University, Ilam 69315-516, Iran. Electronic address: daneshfara@yahoo.com.; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of chromatography.A
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Chromatogr.A
Pub Date Free Form
18-Dec
Volume
1425
Issue
Start Page
25
Other Pages
33
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 9318488; 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Solvents); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 059QF0KO0R (Water); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); J64922108F (Benzene); L5I45M5G0O (ethylbenzene); OTO: NOTNLM; 201
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1873-3778; 0021-9673
Accession Number
PMID: 26614169
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.007 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26614169
Abstract
In this study, for the first time, a simple, inexpensive and sensitive method named emulsification liquid-liquid microextraction based on deep eutectic solvent (ELLME-DES) was used for the extraction of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene (BTE) and seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from water samples. In a typical experiment, 100muL of DES (as water-miscible extraction solvent) was added to 1.5mL of sample solution containing target analytes. A homogeneous solution was formed immediately. Injection of 100muL of THF (as emulsifier agent) into homogeneous solution provided a turbid state. After extraction, phase separation (aqueous phase/DES rich phase) was performed by centrifugation. DES rich phase was withdrawn by a micro-syringe and submitted to isocratic reverse-phase HPLC with UV detection. Under optimum conditions obtained by response surface methodology (RSM) and desirability function (DF), the calibration graphs were linear in the concentration range from 10 to 200mug/L for benzene, 10-400mug/L for toluene, 1-400mug/L for ethylbenzene, biphenyl, chrysene and fluorene, and 0.1-400mug/L for anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, phenanthrene and pyrene. The coefficients of determination (r(2)) and limits of detection were 0.9924-0.9997 and 0.02-6.8mug/L, respectively. This procedure was successfully applied to the determination of target analytes in spiked water samples. The relative mean recoveries ranged from 93.1 to 103.3%.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier B.V
Data Source
Authors
Khezeli,T., Daneshfar,A., Sahraei,R.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20151110
PMCID
Editors
|
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| Magnetic solid phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometrical analysis of sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons | 2015 | State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing & Chemometrics, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.; Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of chromatography.A
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Chromatogr.A
Pub Date Free Form
7-Aug
Volume
1406
Issue
Start Page
40
Other Pages
47
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 9318488; 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 059QF0KO0R (Water); 7631-86-9 (Silicon Dioxide); OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/04/01 [received]; 2015/06/08 [revised]; 2015/06/10 [accepted]; 2015/06/20 [ahea
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1873-3778; 0021-9673
Accession Number
PMID: 26122856
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.chroma.2015.06.024 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26122856
Abstract
Fluorenyl functionalized superparamagnetic core/shell magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs, Fe3O4@SiO2@Flu) were prepared and characterized by transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The MNPs having an average diameter of 200nm were then used as solid-phase extraction sorbent for the determination of 16 priority pollutants polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water samples designated by United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). The main influencing parameters, including sorbent amount, desorption solvent, sample volume and extraction time were optimized. Analyses were performed on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Method validation proved the feasibility of the developed sorbents for the quantitation of the investigated analytes at trace levels. Limit of detection ranging from 0.5 to 4.0ng/L were obtained. The repeatability was investigated by evaluating the intra- and inter-day precisions with relative standard deviations (RSDs) lower than 13.1%. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of PAHs in water samples with the recoveries in the range of 96.0-106.7%.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier B.V
Data Source
Authors
Cai,Y., Yan,Z., NguyenVan,M., Wang,L., Cai,Q.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150620
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Comparative evaluation of surface topography of tooth prepared using erbium, chromium: Yttrium, scandium, gallium, garnet laser and bur and its clinical implications | 2015 | Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India.; Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India.; Department of Prosthodontics, Crown | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Indian.Prosthodont.Soc.
Pub Date Free Form
Jan-Mar
Volume
15
Issue
1
Start Page
23
Other Pages
28
Notes
LR: 20160308; JID: 101255941; OID: NLM: PMC4762284; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish
Place of Publication
India
ISSN/ISBN
0972-4052; 0972-4052
Accession Number
PMID: 26929482
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
10.4103/0972-4052.155042 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26929482
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Erbium, chromium: Yttrium, scandium, gallium, garnet (Er, Cr: YSGG) laser has been successfully used in the ablation of dental hard and soft tissues. It has been reported that this system is also useful for preparing tooth surfaces and etching, but no consensus exist in the literature regarding the advantage of lasers over conventional tooth preparation technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Labial surfaces of 25 extracted human maxillary central incisors were divided into two halves. Right half was prepared with diamond bur and left half with Er, Cr; YSGG laser and a reduction of 0.3-0.5 mm was carried out. Topography of prepared surfaces of five teeth were examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The remaining samples were divided into 4 groups of 10 specimens each based on the surface treatment received: One group was acid etched and other was nonetched. Composite resin cylinders were bonded on prepared surfaces and shear bond strength was assessed using a universal testing machine. RESULTS: The SEM observation revealed that the laser prepared surfaces were clean, highly irregular and devoid of a smear layer. Bur prepared surfaces were relatively smooth but covered with smear layer. Highest bond strength was shown by laser prepared acid etched group, followed by bur prepared the acid etched group. The bur prepared nonacid etched group showed least bond strength. CONCLUSIONS: Er, Cr: YSGG laser can be used for preparing tooth and bond strength value achieved by laser preparation alone without surface treatment procedure lies in the range of clinical acceptability.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Verma,M., Kumari,P., Gupta,R., Gill,S., Gupta,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
PMC4762284
Editors
|
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| Indoor air quality due to secondhand smoke: Signals from selected hospitality locations in rural and urban areas of Bangalore and Dharwad districts in Karnataka, India | 2015 | Department of Centre for Multi-Disciplinary Development Research, Dharwad, Karnataka, India. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Indian journal of cancer
Periodical, Abbrev.
Indian J.Cancer
Pub Date Free Form
Oct-Dec
Volume
52
Issue
4
Start Page
708
Other Pages
713
Notes
JID: 0112040; ppublish
Place of Publication
India
ISSN/ISBN
1998-4774; 0019-509X
Accession Number
PMID: 26960527
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.4103/0019-509X.178447 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26960527
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoke has compounds that are known as human carcinogens. With every breath of secondhand smoke we inhale thousands of chemicals. The Government of India in the interest of public health has enacted the Cigarette and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA), 2003, which bans smoking in all the public places including hotels and restaurants. The purpose of this study was to observe and record air pollution in smoke free and smoke observed locations and thereby find out whether the owners/managers of hotels, restaurants, and bars comply with rules of COTPA. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were to measure and compare the level of particulate air pollution from secondhand smoke (PM2.5) in smoking and nonsmoking venues. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted from September 2009 to March 2010 in Karnataka, India following a nonrandom sample of 79 locations, which included restaurants, bars, cafes, hotels, and tea stalls in two districts. The concentration of PM2.5 was measured using a TSI SidePak AM510 Personal Aerosol Monitor. RESULTS: In Karnataka out of the 79 hospitality locations, smoking was observed in 58% places and only 28% had displayed the required "No Smoking" signage. Places where indoor smoking was observed had high levels of air pollution with average 135 PM2.5, which were 3.1 times higher than the average 43 PM2.5 in smoke-free locations and 14 times higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) target air quality guideline for PM2.5. The average PM2.5 levels in different locations ranged from 11 to 417 mug/m(3) and was lower in the case of apparently compliant designated smoking area (DSR). CONCLUSIONS: The patrons and the workers in the hospitality sector continue to be exposed to secondhand smoke despite the enactment of COTPA, which bans smoking in public places. This situation demands stringent measures for effective implementation of the Smoke Free Act and negative response to smoking among civil society.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Travers,M.J., Nayak,N.S., Annigeri,V.B., Billava,N.N.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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