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Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
Interventions for smokeless tobacco use cessation	2015	Division of Primary Care Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street Southwest, Rochester, Minnesota, USA, 55905.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 26-Oct Volume (10):CD004306. doi Issue 10 Start Page CD004306 Other Pages Notes LR: 20160602; JID: 100909747; 0 (Benzazepines); 0 (Chewing Gum); 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); 0 (Quinoxalines); 01ZG3TPX31 (Bupropion); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); W6HS99O8ZO (Varenicline); epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 26501380 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD004306.pub5 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26501380 Abstract BACKGROUND: Use of smokeless tobacco (ST) can lead to tobacco dependence and long-term use can lead to health problems including periodontal disease, cancer, and cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of behavioural and pharmacologic interventions for the treatment of ST use. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group specialised register in June 2015. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized trials of behavioural or pharmacological interventions to help users of ST to quit with follow-up of at least six months. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We used standard methodological procedures as expected by the Cochrane Collaboration. We summarised outcomes as risk ratios (RRs). For subgroups of trials with similar types of intervention and without substantial statistical heterogeneity, we estimated pooled effects using a Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effect method. MAIN RESULTS: We identified 34 trials that met the inclusion criteria, of which nine were new for this update, representing over 16,000 participants. There was moderate quality evidence from two studies suggesting that varenicline increases ST abstinence rates (risk ratio [RR] 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08 to 1.68, 507 participants). Pooled results from two trials of bupropion did not detect a benefit of treatment at six months or longer (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.44, 293 participants) but the confidence interval was wide. Neither nicotine patch (five trials, RR 1.13, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.37, 1083 participants) nor nicotine gum (two trials, RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.43, 310 participants) increased abstinence. Pooling five studies of nicotine lozenges did increase tobacco abstinence (RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.59, 1529 participants) but confidence in this estimate is low as the result is sensitive to the exclusion of three trials which did not use a placebo control.Statistical heterogeneity was evident among the 17 trials of behavioural interventions: eight of them reported statistically and clinically significant benefits; six suggested benefit but with wide CIs and no statistical significance; and three had similar intervention and control quit rates and relatively narrow CIs. Heterogeneity was not explained by study design (individual or cluster randomization), whether participants were selected for interest in quitting, or specific intervention components. In a post hoc subgroup analysis, trials of behavioural interventions incorporating telephone support, with or without oral examination and feedback, were associated with larger effect sizes, but oral examination and feedback alone were not associated with benefit.In one trial an interactive website increased abstinence more than a static website. One trial comparing immediate cessation using nicotine patch versus a reduction approach using either nicotine lozenge or brand switching showed greater success for the abrupt cessation group. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Varenicline, nicotine lozenges and behavioural interventions may help ST users to quit. Confidence in results for nicotine lozenges is limited. Confidence in the size of effect from behavioural interventions is limited because the components of behavioural interventions that contribute to their impact are not clear. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ebbert,J.O., Elrashidi,M.Y., Stead,L.F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151026 PMCID Editors
Incentives for smoking cessation	2015	Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, UK, OX2 6GG.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 18-May Volume (5):CD004307. doi Issue 5 Start Page CD004307 Other Pages Notes LR: 20160602; JID: 100909747; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 25983287 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD004307.pub5 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25983287 Abstract BACKGROUND: Material or financial incentives are widely used in an attempt to precipitate or reinforce behaviour change, including smoking cessation. They operate in workplaces, in clinics and hospitals, and to a lesser extent within community programmes. In this third update of our review we now include trials conducted in pregnant women, to reflect the increasing activity and resources now targeting this high-risk group of smokers. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether incentives and contingency management programmes lead to higher long-term quit rates. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialised Register, with additional searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO. The most recent searches were in December 2014, although we also include two trials published in 2015. SELECTION CRITERIA: We considered randomised controlled trials, allocating individuals, workplaces, groups within workplaces, or communities to experimental or control conditions. We also considered controlled studies with baseline and post-intervention measures. We include studies in a mixed-population setting (e.g. community-, work-, institution-based), and also, for this update, trials in pregnant smokers. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: One author (KC) extracted data and a second (JH-B) checked them. We contacted study authors for additional data where necessary. The main outcome measure in the mixed-population studies was abstinence from smoking at longest follow-up, and at least six months from the start of the intervention. In the trials of pregnant smokers abstinence was measured at the longest follow-up, and at least to the end of the pregnancy. MAIN RESULTS: Twenty-one mixed-population studies met our inclusion criteria, covering more than 8400 participants. Ten studies were set in clinics or health centres, one in Thai villages served by community health workers, two in academic institutions, and the rest in worksites. All but six of the trials were run in the USA. The incentives included lottery tickets or prize draws, cash payments, vouchers for goods and groceries, and in six trials the recovery of money deposited by those taking part. The odds ratio (OR) for quitting with incentives at longest follow-up (six months or more) compared with controls was 1.42 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19 to 1.69; 17 trials, [20 comparisons], 7715 participants). Only three studies demonstrated significantly higher quit rates for the incentives group than for the control group at or beyond the six-month assessment: One five-arm USA trial compared rewards- and deposit-based interventions at individual and group level, with incentives available up to USD 800 per quitter, and demonstrated a quit rate in the rewards groups of 8.1% at 12 months, compared with 4.7% in the deposits groups. A direct comparison between the rewards-based and the deposit-based groups found a benefit for the rewards arms, with an OR at 12 months of 1.76 (95% CI 1.22 to 2.53; 2070 participants). Although more people in this trial accepted the rewards programmes than the deposit programmes, the proportion of quitters in each group favoured the deposit-refund programme. Another USA study rewarded both participation and quitting up to USD 750, and achieved sustained quit rates of 9.4% in the incentives group compared with 3.6% for the controls. A deposit-refund trial in Thailand also achieved significantly higher quit rates in the intervention group (44.2%) compared with the control group (18.8%), but uptake was relatively low, at 10.5%. In the remaining trials, there was no clear evidence that participants who committed their own money to the programme did better than those who did not, or that contingent rewards enhanced success rates over fixed payment schedules. We rated the overall quality of the older studies as low, but with later trials (post-2000) more likely to meet current standards of methodology and reporting.Eight of nine trials with usable data in pre Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Cahill,K., Hartmann-Boyce,J., Perera,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150518 PMCID Editors
Pharmacological interventions for promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy	2015	Division of Primary Care, University of Nottingham, D1411, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK, NG7 2UH.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 22-Dec Volume (12):CD010078. doi Issue 12 Start Page CD010078 Other Pages Notes LR: 20160602; GR: Department of Health/United Kingdom; JID: 100909747; 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); 01ZG3TPX31 (Bupropion); W6HS99O8ZO (Varenicline); epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 26690977 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD010078.pub2 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26690977 Abstract BACKGROUND: Smoking in pregnancy is a public health problem. When used by non-pregnant smokers, pharmacotherapies (nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), bupropion and varenicline) are effective for smoking cessation, however, their efficacy and safety in pregnancy remains unknown. Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS), or e-cigarettes, are becoming widely used but their efficacy and safety when used for smoking cessation in pregnancy are also unknown. OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy and safety of smoking cessation pharmacotherapies (including NRT, varenicline and bupropion), other medications, or ENDS when used for smoking cessation in pregnancy. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (11 July 2015), checked references of retrieved studies, and contacted authors. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in pregnant women with designs that permit the independent effects of any type of pharmacotherapy or ENDS on smoking cessation to be ascertained were eligible for inclusion.The following RCT designs are included.Placebo-RCTs: any form of NRT, other pharmacotherapy, or ENDS, with or without behavioural support/cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), or brief advice, compared with an identical placebo and behavioural support of similar intensity.RCTs providing a comparison between i) any form of NRT, other pharmacotherapy, or ENDS added to behavioural support/CBT, or brief advice and ii) behavioural support of similar (ideally identical) intensity.Parallel- or cluster-randomised trials were eligible for inclusion. Quasi-randomised, cross-over and within-participant designs were not, due to the potential biases associated with these designs. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently assessed trials for inclusion and risk of bias and also independently extracted data and cross checked individual outcomes of this process to ensure accuracy. The primary efficacy outcome was smoking cessation in later pregnancy (in all but one trial, at or around delivery); safety was assessed by 11 outcomes (principally birth outcomes) that indicated neonatal and infant well-being; and we also collated data on adherence with trial treatments. MAIN RESULTS: This review includes a total of nine trials which enrolled 2210 pregnant smokers: eight trials of NRT and one trial of bupropion as adjuncts to behavioural support/CBT. The risk of bias was generally low across trials with virtually all domains of the 'Risk of bias' assessment tool being satisfied for the majority of studies. We found no trials investigating varenicline or ENDS. Compared to placebo and non-placebo controls, there was a difference in smoking rates observed in later pregnancy favouring use of NRT (risk ratio (RR) 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03 to 1.93, eight studies, 2199 women). However, subgroup analysis of placebo-RCTs provided a lower RR in favour of NRT (RR 1.28, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.66, five studies, 1926 women), whereas within the two non-placebo RCTs there was a strong positive effect of NRT, (RR 8.51, 95% CI 2.05 to 35.28, three studies, 273 women; P value for random-effects subgroup interaction test = 0.01). There were no differences between NRT and control groups in rates of miscarriage, stillbirth, premature birth, birthweight, low birthweight, admissions to neonatal intensive care, caesarean section, congenital abnormalities or neonatal death. Compared to placebo group infants, at two years of age, infants born to women who had been randomised to NRT had higher rates of 'survival without developmental impairment' (one trial). Generally, adherence with trial NRT regimens was low. Non-serious side effects observed with NRT included headache, nausea and local reactions (e.g. skin irritation from patches or foul taste from gum), but these data could not be pooled. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: NRT used in pregnancy for smoking cessation increases smoking cessation rates measured in late Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Coleman,T., Chamberlain,C., Davey,M.A., Cooper,S.E., Leonardi-Bee,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151222 PMCID Editors
Psychosocial interventions for smoking cessation in patients with coronary heart disease	2015	Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Niesenweg 6, Bern, Switzerland, CH-3012.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 6-Jul Volume (7):CD006886. doi Issue 7 Start Page CD006886 Other Pages Notes LR: 20160602; JID: 100909747; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 26148115 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD006886.pub2 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26148115 Abstract BACKGROUND: This is an update of a Cochrane review previously published in 2008. Smoking increases the risk of developing atherosclerosis but also acute thrombotic events. Quitting smoking is potentially the most effective secondary prevention measure and improves prognosis after a cardiac event, but more than half of the patients continue to smoke, and improved cessation aids are urgently required. OBJECTIVES: This review aimed to examine the efficacy of psychosocial interventions for smoking cessation in patients with coronary heart disease in short-term (6 to 12 month follow-up) and long-term (more than 12 months). Moderators of treatment effects (i.e. intervention types, treatment dose, methodological criteria) were used for stratification. SEARCH METHODS: The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Issue 12, 2012), MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and PSYNDEX were searched from the start of the database to January 2013. This is an update of the initial search in 2003. Results were supplemented by cross-checking references, and handsearches in selected journals and systematic reviews. No language restrictions were applied. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in patients with CHD with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently assessed trial eligibility and risk of bias. Abstinence rates were computed according to an intention to treat analysis if possible, or if not according to completer analysis results only. Subgroups of specific intervention strategies were analysed separately. The impact of study quality on efficacy was studied in a moderator analysis. Risk ratios (RR) were pooled using the Mantel-Haenszel and random-effects model with 95% confidence intervals (CI). MAIN RESULTS: We found 40 RCTs meeting inclusion criteria in total (21 trials were new in this update, 5 new trials contributed to long-term results (more than 12 months)). Interventions consist of behavioural therapeutic approaches, telephone support and self-help material and were either focused on smoking cessation alone or addressed several risk factors (eg. obesity, inactivity and smoking). The trials mostly included older male patients with CHD, predominantly myocardial infarction (MI). After an initial selection of studies three trials with implausible large effects of RR > 5 which contributed to substantial heterogeneity were excluded. Overall there was a positive effect of interventions on abstinence after 6 to 12 months (risk ratio (RR) 1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13 to 1.32, I(2) 54%; abstinence rate treatment group = 46%, abstinence rate control group 37.4%), but heterogeneity between trials was substantial. Studies with validated assessment of smoking status at follow-up had similar efficacy (RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.39) to non-validated trials (RR 1.23, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.35). Studies were stratified by intervention strategy and intensity of the intervention. Clustering reduced heterogeneity, although many trials used more than one type of intervention. The RRs for different strategies were similar (behavioural therapies RR 1.23, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.34, I(2) 40%; telephone support RR 1.21, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.30, I(2) 44%; self-help RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.33, I(2) 40%). More intense interventions (any initial contact plus follow-up over one month) showed increased quit rates (RR 1.28, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.40, I(2) 58%) whereas brief interventions (either one single initial contact lasting less than an hour with no follow-up, one or more contacts in total over an hour with no follow-up or any initial contact plus follow-up of less than one months) did not appear effective (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.12, I(2) 0%). Seven trials had long-term follow-up (over 12 months), and did not show any benefits. Adverse side effects were not reported in any trial. These findings are based on studies with rather low risk of selection bias but high risk of detection bias (namely unblinded or no Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Barth,J., Jacob,T., Daha,I., Critchley,J.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150706 PMCID Editors
Frequency of Tobacco Use Among Middle and High School Students--United States, 2014	2015		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep. Pub Date Free Form 2-Oct Volume 64 Issue 38 Start Page 1061 Other Pages 1065 Notes JID: 7802429; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1545-861X; 0149-2195 Accession Number PMID: 26422781 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.15585/mmwr.mm6438a1 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26422781 Abstract The use of tobacco products during adolescence increases the risk for adverse health effects and lifelong nicotine addiction. In 2014, an estimated 4.6 million middle and high school students were current users of any tobacco product, of whom an estimated 2.2 million were current users of two or more types of tobacco products. Symptoms of nicotine dependence are increased for multiple tobacco product users compared with single-product users. CDC and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) analyzed data from the 2014 National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) to determine how frequently (the number of days in the preceding 30 days) U.S. middle school (grades 6-8) and high school (grades 9-12) students used cigarettes, e-cigarettes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco products. Among current users (>/=1 day during the preceding 30 days) in high school, frequent use (>/=20 days during the preceding 30 days) was most prevalent among smokeless tobacco users (42.0%), followed by cigarette smokers (31.6%), e-cigarette users (15.5%), and cigar smokers (13.1%); a similar pattern was observed for those who used during all 30 days. Among current users in middle school, frequent use was greatest among smokeless tobacco users (29.2%), followed by cigarette smokers (20.0%), cigar smokers (13.2%) and e-cigarette users (11.8%). Current use of two or more types of tobacco products was common, even among students who used tobacco products 1-5 days during the preceding 30 days: 77.3% for cigar smokers, 76.9% for cigarette smokers, 63.4% for smokeless tobacco users, and 54.8% for e-cigarettes users. Preventing youths from initiating the use of any tobacco product is important to tobacco use prevention and control strategies in the United States. Monitoring the frequency and patterns of tobacco use among youths, including the use of two or more tobacco products, is important to inform evidence-based interventions to prevent and reduce all forms of tobacco use among youths. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Neff,L.J., Arrazola,R.A., Caraballo,R.S., Corey,C.G., Cox,S., King,B.A., Choiniere,C.J., Husten,C.G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151002 PMCID Editors
Chlorination and chloramination of bisphenol A, bisphenol F, and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether in drinking water	2015	Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2010 Malott Hall, 1251 Wescoe Drive, Lawrence, KS, 66045, United States.; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah State University, 4110 Old Main Hill, EL 211D, Logan, UT, 84322-4110, United S	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water research Periodical, Abbrev. Water Res. Pub Date Free Form 1-Aug Volume 79 Issue Start Page 68 Other Pages 78 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 0105072; 0 (Benzhydryl Compounds); 0 (Chloramines); 0 (Drinking Water); 0 (Endocrine Disruptors); 0 (Epoxy Compounds); 0 (Phenols); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 10599-90-3 (chloramine); F3XRM1NX4H (2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphen Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1879-2448; 0043-1354 Accession Number PMID: 25965889 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1016/j.watres.2015.04.014 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25965889 Abstract Bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF), and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) are common components of epoxy coatings used in food packaging and in drinking water distribution systems. Thus, leachates from the epoxy may be exposed to the disinfectants free chlorine (Cl2/HOCl/OCl(-)) and monochloramine (MCA, NH2Cl). Bisphenols are known endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) with estrogenic activity. Chlorination by-products have the potential to have reduced or enhanced estrogenic qualities, and are, therefore, of interest. In this work, chlorination reactions for bisphenols and BADGE were explored (via LC/MS/MS) and kinetic modeling (using a pseudo-first order approach) was conducted to predict the fate of these compounds in drinking water. The half-lives of BPA and BPF with 1 mg/L of free chlorine ranged from 3 to 35 min over the pH range from 6 to 11 and the temperature range of 10-25 degrees C. Half-lives for reactions of BPA and BPF with a nominal MCA concentration of 3.5 mg/L as Cl2 were from 1 to 10 days and were greater at higher pH and lower temperature. Formation of chlorinated bisphenol A by-products was observed during the kinetic studies. BADGE was found unreactive with either oxidant. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Lane,R.F., Adams,C.D., Randtke,S.J., Carter,R.E.,Jr Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150424 PMCID Editors
The cleaning method selected for new PEX pipe installation can affect short-term drinking water quality	2015	Department of Civil Engineering, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.; Department of Chemistry, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.; Department of Civil Engineering, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.; Department of Statistic	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of water and health Periodical, Abbrev. J.Water.Health. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 13 Issue 4 Start Page 960 Other Pages 969 Notes JID: 101185420; 0 (Drinking Water); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 9002-88-4 (Polyethylene); ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1477-8920; 1477-8920 Accession Number PMID: 26608758 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.2166/wh.2015.243 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26608758 Abstract The influence of four different cleaning methods used for newly installed polyethylene (PEX) pipes on chemical and odor quality was determined. Bench-scale testing of two PEX (type b) pipe brands showed that the California Plumbing Code PEX installation method does not maximize total organic carbon (TOC) removal. TOC concentration and threshold odor number values significantly varied between two pipe brands. Different cleaning methods impacted carbon release, odor, as well the level of drinking water odorant ethyl tert-butyl ether. Both pipes caused odor values up to eight times greater than the US federal drinking water odor limit. Unique to this project was that organic chemicals released by PEX pipe were affected by pipe brand, fill/empty cycle frequency, and the pipe cleaning method selected by the installer. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kelley,K.M., Stenson,A.C., Cooley,R., Dey,R., Whelton,A.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Unpasteurised commercial boza as a source of microbial diversity	2015	Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Universita Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131, Italy.; Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Universita Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, A	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of food microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Food Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form 2-Feb Volume 194 Issue Start Page 62 Other Pages 70 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2014; JID: 8412849; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/07/09 [received]; 2014/10/23 [revised]; 2014/11/11 [accepted]; 2014/11/15 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1879-3460; 0168-1605 Accession Number PMID: 25437059 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.11.011 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25437059 Abstract Boza is a cereal-based fermented beverage widely consumed in many countries of the Balkans. The aim of this study was to investigate the microbiota of three Bulgarian boza samples through a combination of culture-dependent and -independent methods with the long-term objective of formulating a multi-strain starter culture specifically destined for the manufacture of new cereal-based drinks. The isolation campaign for lactic acid bacteria (LAB) allowed the identification of Lactobacillus parabuchneri, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus coryniformis, Lactobacillus buchneri, Pediococcus parvulus and members of the Lactobacillus casei group. Concerning yeasts, the following isolates were identified: Pichia fermentans, Pichia norvegensis, Pichia guilliermondii (synonym Meyerozyma guilliermondii) and Torulaspora spp. A high intra-species diversity was revealed by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. In parallel, microbial DNA was directly extracted from the three boza samples, and portions of the rrn operons were analysed through Polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). The molecular fingerprinting partially confirmed the results of culturing. Among LAB, the species Weissella confusa, Weissella oryzae, Leuconostoc citreum, Lactococcus lactis, Pediococcus parvulus and Pediococcus ethanolidurans were detected together with members of the Lb. casei group. Among the yeasts, the species P. fermentans, M. guilliermondii, Galactomyces geotrichum and Geotrichum fragrans were found. The overall results confirmed boza as having a rich and heterogeneous biodiversity both in terms of species and genetically diverse strains, thus encouraging its exploitation for the isolation and future technological characterisation of cultures to be selected for the manufacture of innovative cereal-based drinks. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Osimani,A., Garofalo,C., Aquilanti,L., Milanovic,V., Clementi,F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141115 PMCID Editors
Persistent (patent) foramen ovale (PFO): implications for safe diving	2015	Centre for Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy, Military Hospital Brussels, Belgium, E-mail: peter.germonpre@eubs.org.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Diving and hyperbaric medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Diving.Hyperb.Med. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 45 Issue 2 Start Page 73 Other Pages 74 Notes JID: 101282742; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish Place of Publication Australia ISSN/ISBN 1833-3516; 1833-3516 Accession Number PMID: 26165526 Language eng SubFile Editorial; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26165526 Abstract Diving medicine is a peculiar specialty. There are physicians and scientists from a wide variety of disciplines with an interest in diving and who all practice 'diving medicine': the study of the complex whole-body physiological changes and interactions upon immersion and emersion. To understand these, the science of physics and molecular gas and fluid movements comes into play. The ultimate goal of practicing diving medicine is to preserve the diver's health, both during and after the dive. Good medicine starts with prevention. For most divers, underwater excursions are not a professional necessity but a hobby; avoidance of risk is generally a much better option than risk mitigation or cure. However, prevention of diving illnesses seems to be even more difficult than treating those illnesses. The papers contained in this issue of DHM are a nice mix of various aspects of PFO that divers are interested in, all of them written by specialist doctors who are avid divers themselves. However, diving medicine should also take advantage of research from the "non-diving" medicine community, and PFO is a prime example. Cardiology and neurology have studied PFO for as long, or even longer than divers have been the subjects of PFO research, and with much greater numbers and resources. Unexplained stroke has been associated with PFO, as has severe migraine with aura. As the association seems to be strong, investigating the effect of PFO closure was a logical step. Devices have been developed and perfected, allowing now for a relatively low-risk procedure to 'solve the PFO problem'. However, as with many things in science, the results have not been as spectacular as hoped for: patients still get recurrences of stroke, still have migraine attacks. The risk-benefit ratio of PFO closure for these non-diving diseases is still debated. For diving, we now face a similar problem. Let there be no doubt that PFO is a pathway through which venous gas emboli (VGE) can arterialize, given sufficiently favourable circumstances (such as: a large quantity of VGE, size of the PFO, straining or provocation manoeuvres inducing increased right atrial pressure, delayed tissue desaturation so that seeding arterial gas emboli (AGE) grow instead of shrink, and there may be other, as yet unknown factors). There is no doubt that closing a PFO, either surgically or using a catheter-delivered device, can reduce the number of VGE becoming AGE. There is also no doubt that the procedure itself carries some health risks which are, at 1% or higher risk of serious complications, an order of magnitude greater than the risk for decompression illness (DCI) in recreational diving. Scientists seek the 'truth', but the truth about how much of a risk PFO represents for divers is not likely to be discovered nor universally accepted. First of all, the exact prevalence of PFO in divers is not known. As it has been pointed out in the recent literature, a contrast echocardiography (be it transthoracic or transoesophageal) or Doppler examination is only reliable if performed according to a strict protocol, taking into account the very many pitfalls yielding false negative results. The optimal procedure for injection of contrast medium was described several years ago, but has not received enough attention. Indeed, it is our and others' experience that many divers presenting with PFO-related DCI symptoms initially are declared "PFO-negative" by eminent, experienced cardiologists! Failing a prospective study, the risks of diving with a right-to left vascular shunt can only be expressed as an 'odds ratio', which is a less accurate measure than is 'relative risk'. The DAN Europe Carotid Doppler Study, started in 2001, is nearing completion and will provide more insight into the actual risks of DCI for recreational divers. The degree of DCI risk reduction from closing a PFO is thus not only dependent on successful closure but also (mostly?) on how the diver manages his/her dive and decompress Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Germonpre,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
6-Min walk-test data in severe obstructive-sleep-apnea-hypopnea-syndrome (OSAHS) under continuous-positive-airway-pressure (CPAP) treatment	2015	Research Laboratory LR14ES05: Interaction of the Cardiorespiratory System, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia; Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, Tunisia; Department of Physiology and Functional Explorations,	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Respiratory medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Respir.Med. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 109 Issue 5 Start Page 642 Other Pages 655 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 8908438; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/12/24 [received]; 2015/03/02 [revised]; 2015/03/03 [accepted]; 2015/03/16 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1532-3064; 0954-6111 Accession Number PMID: 25820157 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2015.03.001 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25820157 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Few studies have evaluated the functional capacity of severe OSAHS. AIMS: To assess their functional capacity, identify their 6-min walking-distance (6MWD) influencing factors and compare their data with those of two control-groups. METHODS: Sixty (42 males) clinically consecutive stable patients with severe OSAHS under CPAP were included. Clinical, Epworth questionnaire, anthropometric, polysomnographic, plethysmographic and 6-min walk-test (6MWT) data were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the 6MWD influencing factors. Data of a subgroup of severe OSAHS aged >/=40 Yrs (n = 49) were compared with those of non-obese (n = 174) and obese (n = 55) groups. RESULTS: The means +/- SD of age and apnea-hypopnea-index were, respectively, 49 +/- 10 Yr and 62 +/- 18/h. The profile of OSAHS patients carrying the 6MWT, was as follows: at the end of the 6MWT, 31% and 25% had, respectively, a high dyspnea (>5/10, visual analogue scale) and a low heart-rate ( 5 points and 3% stopped the walk. The factors that significantly influenced the 6MWD, explaining 80% of its variability, are included in the following equation: 6MWD (m) = 29.66 x first-second-forced-expiratory-volume (L) - 4.19 x Body-mass-index (kg/m(2)) - 51.89 x arterial-hypertension (0. No; 1. Yes) + 263.53 x Height (m) + 2.63 x average oxy-sat during sleep (%) - 51.06 x Diuretic-use (0. No; 1. Yes) - 20.68 x Dyspnea (NYHA) (0. No; 1. Yes) - 38.09 x Anemia (0. No; 1. Yes) + 5.79 x Resting oxy-sat (%) - 586.25. Compared with non-obese and obese groups, the subgroup of OSAHS has a significantly lower 6MWD [100 +/- 9%, 100 +/- 8% and 83 +/- 12%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Severe OSAHS may play a role in reducing the functional capacity. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Ben Saad,H., Ben Hassen,I., Ghannouchi,I., Latiri,I., Rouatbi,S., Escourrou,P., Ben Salem,H., Benzarti,M., Abdelghani,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150316 PMCID Editors

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