Image
WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year Sort ascending | Author | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| Survey on the use of electronic cigarettes and tobacco among children in middle and high school | 2016 | Fondation du Souffle, comite departemental contre les maladies respiratoires de Loire-Atlantique, 18 B2, boulevard du Massacre, 44800 Saint-Herblain, France. Electronic address: cdmr44@wanadoo.fr.; Fondation du Souffle, comite departemental contre les mal | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Revue des maladies respiratoires
Periodical, Abbrev.
Rev.Mal.Respir.
Pub Date Free Form
Jan
Volume
33
Issue
1
Start Page
56
Other Pages
62
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 8408032; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/11/27 [received]; 2015/02/02 [accepted]; 2015/06/11 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
France
ISSN/ISBN
1776-2588; 0761-8425
Accession Number
PMID: 26071978
Language
fre
SubFile
English Abstract; Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.rmr.2015.05.003 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26071978
Abstract
PURPOSE OF STUDY: To estimate the prevalence of electronic cigarette use among teenagers and its connection with the consumption of tobacco. METHODS: In 2014 we conducted a survey of 3319 middle and high school students. RESULTS: Among the students, 56% had tried an electronic cigarette at least once (boys: 59.9%, girls: 49.3%; ranging from 31.3% for the 8th grade students to 66.1% for the 12th grades). However, only 3.4% reported that they used electronic cigarettes every day. Initiation of e-cigarette use in these teenagers was principally due to use by friends or triggered by curiosity and they usually choose fruit or sweet flavours initially. The majority could not give the concentration of nicotine in e-cigarettes that they used. Moreover, 61.5% of the students had ever tried tobacco and 22.3% were daily smokers. Our study found a strong link between vaping and smoking. 80% of the students who had ever tried conventional cigarettes (94% for the daily smokers) had also tried an electronic cigarette, versus 16% of the student who have never smoked. Few students (6.2%) used electronic cigarettes without smoking tobacco too. Usually, they have tried tobacco before trying an electronic cigarette. Only tobacco smokers seem to smoke electronic cigarettes with nicotine. CONCLUSION: Although our study shows that teenagers frequently try electronic cigarettes, it does not prove, for the moment, that vaping itself usually leads to nicotine addiction. However, as most of the teenagers are unable to tell if the electronic cigarette they are testing contains nicotine, it raises the possibility that they could be vulnerable to manipulation by the tobacco industry.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
SPLF. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS
Data Source
Authors
Stenger,N., Chailleux,E.
Original/Translated Title
Enquete sur l'usage de la cigarette electronique et du tabac en milieu scolaire
URL
Date of Electronic
20150611
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Highly selective and effective solid phase microextraction of benzoic acid esters using ionic liquid functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes-doped polyaniline coating | 2016 | Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials & | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of chromatography.A
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Chromatogr.A
Pub Date Free Form
11-Mar
Volume
1437
Issue
Start Page
1
Other Pages
7
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2016; JID: 9318488; 0 (Aniline Compounds); 0 (Esters); 0 (Ionic Liquids); 0 (Nanotubes, Carbon); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 0 (polyaniline); 8SKN0B0MIM (Benzoic Acid); OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/09/30 [received]; 2016/01/04 [revised]; 2016/0
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1873-3778; 0021-9673
Accession Number
PMID: 26852620
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.chroma.2016.01.072 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26852620
Abstract
The present work reports the electrochemical fabrication of an ionic liquid functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes-polyaniline (MWCNT@IL/PANI) nanocomposite coating and its application in the headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography (GC) determination of benzoic acid esters (i.e., methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, propyl benzoate and butyl benzoate). The MWCNTs was firstly functionalized with amine-terminated IL (MWCNT@IL) through chemical reduction, and then was doped in PANI during the electropolymerization of aniline. The resulting coating was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy and thermo gravimetry. It showed net-like structure and had high thermal stability (up to 330 degrees C). Furthermore, it presented high selectivity for the four benzoic acid esters and thus suited for their HS-SPME-GC determination. Results showed that under optimized extraction conditions, the detection limits were less than 6.1ngL(-1) (S/N=3) and the linear detection ranges were 0.012-50mugL(-1) (R>/=0.9957) for these analytes. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were lower than 6.4% for five successive measurements with one fiber, and the RSDs for fiber-to-fiber were 4.4-9.6% (n=5). The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of these benzoic acid esters in perfume samples.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier B.V
Data Source
Authors
Ai,Y., Wu,M., Li,L., Zhao,F., Zeng,B.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20160202
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Community Attitudes Toward Mass Drug Administration for Control and Elimination of Neglected Tropical Diseases After the 2014 Outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease in Lofa County, Liberia | 2016 | Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Liberian Institute for Biomedical Research, Charlesville, Liberia; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Periodical, Abbrev.
Am.J.Trop.Med.Hyg.
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
94
Issue
3
Start Page
497
Other Pages
503
Notes
LR: 20160319; CI: (c) The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.; JID: 0370507; 0 (Antiparasitic Agents); 6490C9U457 (Praziquantel); 70288-86-7 (Ivermectin); F4216019LN (Albendazole); OID: NLM: PMC4775880; 2015/08/12 [received]; 2015/11/03 [ac
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1476-1645; 0002-9637
Accession Number
PMID: 26666700
Language
eng
SubFile
Historical Article; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; AIM; IM
DOI
10.4269/ajtmh.15-0591 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26666700
Abstract
The recent outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) interrupted mass drug administration (MDA) programs to control and eliminate neglected tropical diseases in Liberia. MDA programs treat entire communities with medication regardless of infection status to interrupt transmission and eliminate lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis. Following reports of hostilities toward health workers and fear that they might be spreading EVD, it was important to determine whether attitudes toward MDA might have changed after the outbreak. We surveyed 140 community leaders from 32 villages in Lofa County, Liberia, that had previously participated in MDA and are located in an area that was an early epicenter of the EVD outbreak. Survey respondents reported a high degree of community trust in the MDA program, and 97% thought their communities were ready to resume MDA. However, respondents predicted that fewer people would comply with MDA after the EVD epidemic than before. The survey also uncovered fears in the community that EVD and MDA might be linked. Respondents suggested that MDA programs emphasize to people that the medications are identical to those previously distributed and that MDA programs have nothing to do with EVD.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Bogus,J., Gankpala,L., Fischer,K., Krentel,A., Weil,G.J., Fischer,P.U., Kollie,K., Bolay,F.K.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20151214
PMCID
PMC4775880
Editors
|
|||
| The E-cigarette Social Environment, E-cigarette Use, and Susceptibility to Cigarette Smoking | 2016 | Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California. Electronic address: jtrimis@usc.edu.; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.; Department of Preventive M | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Adolesc.Health
Pub Date Free Form
Jul
Volume
59
Issue
1
Start Page
75
Other Pages
80
Notes
LR: 20160626; CI: Copyright (c) 2016; GR: P50 CA180905/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9102136; NIHMS773054; OID: NLM: NIHMS773054 [Available on 07/01/17]; OID: NLM: PMC4920702 [Available on 07/01/17]; OTO: NOTNLM; PMCR: 2017/07/01 00:00; 2015/12/08 [r
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1879-1972; 1054-139X
Accession Number
PMID: 27161417
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.03.019 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
27161417
Abstract
PURPOSE: One concern regarding the recent increase in adolescent e-cigarette use is the possibility that electronic (e-) cigarettes may be used by those who might not otherwise have used cigarettes, and that dual use, or transition to cigarette use alone, may follow. METHODS: Questionnaire data were obtained in 2014 from 11th/12th grade students attending schools in 12 communities included in the Southern California Children's Health Study. We evaluated the cross-sectional association between e-cigarette use, the social environment (family and friends' use and approval of e-cigarettes and cigarettes), and susceptibility to future cigarette use among never cigarette smokers (N = 1,694), using previously validated measures based on reported absence of a definitive commitment not to smoke. RESULTS: Among adolescents who had never used cigarettes, 31.8% of past e-cigarette users and 34.6% of current (past 30-day) e-cigarette users indicated susceptibility to cigarette use, compared with 21.0% of never e-cigarette users. The odds of indicating susceptibility to cigarette use were two times higher for current e-cigarette users compared with never users (odds ratio = 1.97; 95% confidence interval: 1.21-3.22). A social environment favorable to e-cigarettes (friends' use of and positive attitudes toward the use of e-cigarettes) was also associated with greater likelihood of susceptibility to cigarette use, independent of an individual's e-cigarette use. CONCLUSIONS: E-cigarette use in adolescence, and a pro-e-cigarette social environment, may put adolescents at risk for future use of cigarettes. E-cigarettes may contribute to subsequent cigarette use via nicotine addiction or social normalization of smoking behaviors.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc
Data Source
Authors
Barrington-Trimis,J.L., Berhane,K., Unger,J.B., Cruz,T.B., Urman,R., Chou,C.P., Howland,S., Wang,K., Pentz,M.A., Gilreath,T.D., Huh,J., Leventhal,A.M., Samet,J.M., McConnell,R.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20160506
PMCID
PMC4920702
Editors
|
|||
| Occurrence of bisphenols, bisphenol A diglycidyl ethers (BADGEs), and novolac glycidyl ethers (NOGEs) in indoor air from Albany, New York, USA, and its implications for inhalation exposure | 2016 | Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12201, United States.; Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Yangtze | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Chemosphere
Periodical, Abbrev.
Chemosphere
Pub Date Free Form
May
Volume
151
Issue
Start Page
1
Other Pages
8
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2016; JID: 0320657; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/12/24 [received]; 2016/02/06 [revised]; 2016/02/08 [accepted]; 2016/03/15 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1879-1298; 0045-6535
Accession Number
PMID: 26923236
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.038 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26923236
Abstract
Bisphenols, bisphenol A diglycidyl ethers (BADGEs), and novolac glycidyl ethers (NOGEs) are used in the production of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics. Despite the widespread application of these chemicals in household products, studies on their occurrence in indoor air are limited. In this study, 83 indoor air samples were collected in 2014 from various locations in Albany, New York, USA, to determine the concentrations of bisphenols, BADGEs (refer to BADGE and its derivatives), and NOGEs (refer to NOGE and its derivatives) and to calculate inhalation exposure to these compounds. Among eight bisphenols measured, BPA, BPF, and BPS were found in bulk air (i.e., vapor plus particulate phases), at geometric mean (GM) concentrations of 0.43, 0.69 and 0.09 ng m(-3), respectively. Among 11 BADGEs and NOGEs determined, BADGE.2H2O was the predominant compound found in indoor air (detection rate [DR]: 85.5%), at concentrations as high as 6.71 ng m(-3). Estimation of inhalation exposure to these chemicals for various age groups showed that teenagers had the highest exposure doses to BPA, BPF, BPS, and BADGE.2H2O at 5.91, 9.48, 1.24, and 3.84 ng day(-1), respectively. The body weight-normalized estimates of exposure were the highest for infants, with values at 0.24, 0.39, 0.05, and 0.16 ng kg bw(-1) day(-1) for BPA, BPF, BPS, and BADGE.2H2O, respectively. This is the first survey to report inhalation exposure to bisphenols, BADGEs, and NOGEs.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Data Source
Authors
Xue,J., Wan,Y., Kannan,K.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20160315
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Use of multiple tobacco products in a national sample of persons enrolled in addiction treatment | 2016 | Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California San Francisco, 3333 California St., Ste. 265, San Francisco, CA 94118, United States. Electronic address: joseph.guydish@ucsf.edu.; Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studi | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Drug and alcohol dependence
Periodical, Abbrev.
Drug Alcohol Depend.
Pub Date Free Form
1-Sep
Volume
166
Issue
Start Page
93
Other Pages
99
Notes
LR: 20160815; CI: Copyright (c) 2016; GR: P50 DA009253/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA036066/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7513587; NIHMS802871; OID: NLM: NIHMS802871 [Available on 09/01/17]; OID: NLM: PMC4983463 [Available on 09/01/17]; O
Place of Publication
Ireland
ISSN/ISBN
1879-0046; 0376-8716
Accession Number
PMID: 27449271
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.06.035 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
27449271
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To explore use of tobacco products in relationship to marketing exposure among persons in addiction treatment. METHOD: A random sample of treatment programs was drawn from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Clinical Trials Network (CTN). Participants in each program completed surveys concerning use of tobacco products (N=1113). Exposure to tobacco marketing and counter-marketing, advertising receptivity, and perceived health risks of smoking were tested for their association with use of multiple tobacco products. RESULTS: Prevalence of combustible cigarette use was 77.9%. Weekly or greater use of other products was: e-cigarettes (17.7%), little filtered cigars (8.6%), smokeless tobacco (5.2%), and standard cigars (4.6%) with 24.4% using multiple tobacco products. Compared to single product users, multiple product users smoked more cigarettes per day (OR=1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.05, p
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Ireland Ltd
Data Source
Authors
Guydish,J., Tajima,B., Pramod,S., Le,T., Gubner,N.R., Campbell,B., Roman,P.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20160714
PMCID
PMC4983463
Editors
|
|||
| Prevalence of severe esophagitis in Spain. Results of the PRESS study (Prevalence and Risk factors for Esophagitis in Spain: A cross-sectional study) | 2016 | Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Pharmacy Faculty, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.; Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain.; Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
United European gastroenterology journal
Periodical, Abbrev.
United.European Gastroenterol.J.
Pub Date Free Form
Apr
Volume
4
Issue
2
Start Page
229
Other Pages
235
Notes
LR: 20160420; JID: 101606807; OID: NLM: PMC4804364; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/04/16 [received]; 2015/06/21 [accepted]; 2015/07/24 [epublish]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
2050-6406; 2050-6406
Accession Number
PMID: 27087951
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
10.1177/2050640615595916 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
27087951
Abstract
BACKGROUND: *N.P. and M.P. contributed equally to this study.The current prevalence of esophagitis in southern Europe is unknown. In addition, the risk factors for reflux esophagitis are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this article is to assess the prevalence and risk factors for esophagitis in Spain. METHODS: A prospective, observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study (PRESS study) was conducted among 31 gastrointestinal endoscopy units throughout Spain. A total of 1361 patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were enrolled. Sociodemographic, clinical and treatment data were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 95% of patients were Caucasian and 52% were male (mean age: 53 +/- 17 years). The most frequent symptoms prompting endoscopy were heartburn (40%), regurgitation (26%) and dysphagia (15%). Fifty-four percent of patients undergoing endoscopy were receiving proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment. Esophagitis (mainly mild-moderate) was present in 154 (12.4%) patients. The severe form was recorded in only 11 (0.8%) patients. Multivariate analysis results indicated that the likelihood of esophagitis was higher in men (OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.31-2.78), in patients with high GERD-Q scores (OR = 1.256, 95% CI = 1.176-1.343), weight increase (OR = 1.014, 95% CI = 1.003-1.025) and high alcohol consumption (OR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.16-5.36). CONCLUSION: Severe esophagitis is a rare finding in the Spanish population. Male gender, high GERD-Q score, weight increase and high alcohol consumption are main risk factors for its appearance.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Pique,N., Ponce,M., Garrigues,V., Rodrigo,L., Calvo,F., de Argila,C.M., Borda,F., Naranjo,A., Alcedo,J., Jose Soria,M., Rey,E., Bujanda,L., Gisbert,J.P., Suarez,D., Calvet,X., Ponce,J., PRESS Study Group
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150724
PMCID
PMC4804364
Editors
|
|||
| E-cigarettes, Cigarettes, and the Prevalence of Adolescent Tobacco Use | 2016 | Department of Preventive Medicine, and jtrimis@usc.edu.; Department of Preventive Medicine, and.; Department of Preventive Medicine, and.; Department of Preventive Medicine, and.; Department of Preventive Medicine, and.; Department of Preventive Medicine, | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Pediatrics
Periodical, Abbrev.
Pediatrics
Pub Date Free Form
Aug
Volume
138
Issue
2
Start Page
10.1542/peds.2015
Other Pages
3983. Epub 2016 Jul 11
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2016; JID: 0376422; 2016/05/09 [accepted]; 2016/07/11 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1098-4275; 0031-4005
Accession Number
PMID: 27401102
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; AIM; IM
DOI
10.1542/peds.2015-3983 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
27401102
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Adolescent e-cigarette use has increased rapidly in recent years, but it is unclear whether e-cigarettes are merely substituting for cigarettes or whether e-cigarettes are being used by those who would not otherwise have smoked. To understand the role of e-cigarettes in overall tobacco product use, we examine prevalence rates from Southern California adolescents over 2 decades. METHODS: The Children's Health Study is a longitudinal study of cohorts reaching 12th grade in 1995, 1998, 2001, 2004, and 2014. Cohorts were enrolled from entire classrooms in schools in selected communities and followed prospectively through completion of secondary school. Analyses used data from grades 11 and 12 of each cohort (N = 5490). RESULTS: Among 12th-grade students, the combined adjusted prevalence of current cigarette or e-cigarette use in 2014 was 13.7%. This was substantially greater than the 9.0% adjusted prevalence of current cigarette use in 2004, before e-cigarettes were available (P = .003) and only slightly less than the 14.7% adjusted prevalence of smoking in 2001 (P = .54). Similar patterns were observed for prevalence rates in 11th grade, for rates of ever use, and among both male and female adolescents and both Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking prevalence among Southern California adolescents has declined over 2 decades, but the high prevalence of combined e-cigarette or cigarette use in 2014, compared with historical Southern California smoking prevalence, suggests that e-cigarettes are not merely substituting for cigarettes and indicates that e-cigarette use is occurring in adolescents who would not otherwise have used tobacco products.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
by the American Academy of Pediatrics
Data Source
Authors
Barrington-Trimis,J.L., Urman,R., Leventhal,A.M., Gauderman,W.J., Cruz,T.B., Gilreath,T.D., Howland,S., Unger,J.B., Berhane,K., Samet,J.M., McConnell,R.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20160711
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Compliance to the smoke-free law in Guatemala 5-years after implementation | 2016 | Research Department, Cardiovascular Surgery Unit of Guatemala, 9th Avenue, 8-00, Zone 11, 01011, Guatemala City, Guatemala. jbarnoya@post.harvard.edu.; Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 66 | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
BMC public health
Periodical, Abbrev.
BMC Public Health
Pub Date Free Form
12-Apr
Volume
16
Issue
Start Page
318
Other Pages
016-2960-x
Notes
LR: 20160505; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC4852414; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/10/10 [received]; 2016/03/15 [accepted]; 2016/04/12 [aheadofprint]; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1471-2458; 1471-2458
Accession Number
PMID: 27138959
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1186/s12889-016-2960-x [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
27138959
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Smoke-free environments decrease smoking prevalence and consequently the incidence of heart disease and lung cancer. Due to issues related to poor enforcement, scant data is currently available from low/middle income countries on the long-term compliance to smoke-free laws. In 2006, high levels of secondhand smoke (SHS) were found in bars and restaurants in Guatemala City. Six months after a smoking ban was implemented in 2009, levels significantly decreased. However, in 2010, poor law compliance was observed. Therefore, we sought to assess long-term compliance to the ban using SHS measurements. METHODS: In 2014 we assessed SHS exposure using airborne nicotine monitors in bars (n = 9) and restaurants (n = 12) for 7 days using the same protocol as in 2006 and in 2009. Nicotine was measured using gas-chromatography (mug/m(3)) and compared to levels pre- (2006) and post-ban (2009). Employees responded to a survey about SHS exposure, perceived economic impact of the ban and customers' electronic cigarette use. In addition, we estimated the fines that could have been collected for each law infringement. RESULTS: Most (71 %) venues still have a smoking section, violating the law. The percentage of samples with detectable nicotine concentrations was 100, 85 and 43 % in 2006, 2009 and 2014, respectively. In bars, median (25(th) and 75(th) percentiles) nicotine concentrations were 4.58 mug/m(3) (1.71, 6.45) in 2006, 0.28 (0.17, 0.66) in 2009, and 0.59 (0.01, 1.45) in 2014. In restaurants, the corresponding medians were 0.58 mug/m(3) (0.44, 0.71), 0.04 (0.01, 0.11), and 0.01 (0.01, 0.09). Support for the law continues to be high (88 %) among bar and restaurant employees. Most employees report no economic impact of the law and that a high proportion of customers (78 %) use e-cigarettes. A total of US$50,012 could have been collected in fines. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term compliance to the smoking ban in Guatemala is decreasing. Additional research that evaluates the determinants of non-compliance is needed and could also contribute to improve enforcement and implementation of the smoke-free law in Guatemala.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Barnoya,J., Monzon,J.C., Briz,P., Navas-Acien,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20160412
PMCID
PMC4852414
Editors
|
|||
| Meeting Postpartum Women's Family Planning Needs Through Integrated Family Planning and Immunization Services: Results of a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial in Rwanda | 2016 | FHI 360, Durham, NC, USA.; FHI 360, Durham, NC, USA.; FHI 360, Durham, NC, USA.; FHI 360, Durham, NC, USA.; Institute for Reproductive Health, Kigali, Rwanda. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Global health, science and practice
Periodical, Abbrev.
Glob.Health.Sci.Pract.
Pub Date Free Form
25-Mar
Volume
4
Issue
1
Start Page
73
Other Pages
86
Notes
LR: 20160403; CI: (c) Dulli et al.; JID: 101624414; OID: NLM: PMC4807750; 2015/09/29 [received]; 2016/01/20 [accepted]; 2016/03 [ppublish]; 2016/02/22 [aheadofprint]; epublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
2169-575X; 2169-575X
Accession Number
PMID: 27016545
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM
DOI
10.9745/GHSP-D-15-00291 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
27016545
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study was to test the effectiveness of integrating family planning service components into infant immunization services to increase modern contraceptive method use among postpartum women. METHODS: The study was a separate sample, parallel, cluster-randomized controlled trial. Fourteen randomly selected primary health facilities were equally allocated to intervention (integrated family planning and immunization services at the same time and location) and control groups (standard immunization services only). At baseline (May-June 2010), we interviewed postpartum women attending immunization services for their infant aged 6 to 12 months using a structured questionnaire. A separate sample of postpartum women was interviewed 16 months later after implementation of the experimental health service intervention. We used linear mixed regression models to test the study hypothesis that postpartum women attending immunization services for their infants aged 6-12 months in the intervention facilities will be more likely to use a modern contraceptive method than postpartum women attending immunization services for their infants aged 6-12 months in control group facilities. RESULTS: We interviewed and analyzed data for 825 women from the intervention group and 829 women from the control group. Results showed the intervention had a statistically significant, positive effect on modern contraceptive method use among intervention group participants compared with control group participants (regression coefficient, 0.15; 90% confidence interval [CI], 0.04 to 0.26). Although we conducted a 1-sided significance test, this effect was also significant at the 2-sided test with alpha = .05. Among those women who did not initiate a contraceptive method, awaiting the return of menses was the most common reason cited for non-use of a method. Women in both study groups overwhelmingly supported the concept of integrating family planning service components into infant immunization services (97.9% in each group), and service data collected during the intervention period did not indicate that the intervention had any negative effect on infant immunization service uptake. CONCLUSION: Integrating family planning service components into infant immunization services can be an acceptable and effective strategy to increase contraceptive use among postpartum women. Additional research is needed to examine the extent to which this integration strategy can be replicated in other health care settings. Future research should also explore persistent misconceptions regarding the relationship between return of menses and return to fertility during the postpartum period.
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Authors
Dulli,L.S., Eichleay,M., Rademacher,K., Sortijas,S., Nsengiyumva,T.
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20160325
PMCID
PMC4807750
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