WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
Enhancing Quit & Win contests to improve cessation among college smokers: a randomized clinical trial	2016	Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.; School of Public Health, Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.; University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Cente	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addiction (Abingdon, England) Periodical, Abbrev. Addiction Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 111 Issue 2 Start Page 331 Other Pages 339 Notes LR: 20160124; CI: (c) 2015; GR: 5R01-HL094183-04S1/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 HL094183/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9304118; NIHMS721510; OID: NLM: NIHMS721510 [Available on 02/01/17]; OID: NLM: PMC4721252 [Available on 02/01/17]; OTO Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1360-0443; 0965-2140 Accession Number PMID: 26767340 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1111/add.13144 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26767340 Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Quit & Win contests (in which smokers pledge to quit smoking for a defined period in exchange for the chance to win a prize) may be well-suited for college smokers. We tested the effectiveness of multiple versus single Quit & Win contests and that of added counseling versus no counseling in smoking cessation. DESIGN: A two-by-two, randomized controlled trial with 6-month follow-up. SETTING: Nineteen institutions in Minnesota, Texas, Ohio and Wisconsin. PARTICIPANTS: College student smokers (n = 1217) were randomized within site to four conditions: single (n = 306), multiple contests alone (n = 309), single contest plus counseling (n = 296) or multiple contests with counseling (n = 306). INTERVENTION: Participants in the standard contest condition (T1 and T2) were asked to abstain from all tobacco products for a 30-day period; those with confirmed abstinence were eligible for a lottery-based prize. Participants assigned to the multiple contest conditions (T3 and T4) participated in the 30-day contest and were enrolled automatically into two additional contest periods with an escalating prize structure. Participants randomized into the counseling conditions (T2 and T4) received up to six telephone-administered Motivation and Problem Solving (MAPS) counseling sessions over the 12-week treatment period. MEASURES: The primary outcome was biochemically verified 30-day point prevalence (PP) abstinence rate at 6 months. Secondary outcomes were the same abstinence at end of treatment (4 months) and a proxy measure of 6-month verified continuous abstinence rate. Outcomes were based on all participants randomized. FINDINGS: We found no evidence of an interaction between number of contests and counseling. Abstinence rates for multiple (13.5%) and single (11.7%) contests were not significantly different at 6 months [odds ratio (OR) = 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.84-1.66]. The addition of counseling did not improve 6-month abstinence significantly (13.7 versus 11.6%, OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.86-1.70). Multiple contests increased abstinence at 4 months (19.3 versus 10.3%, OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.50-2.91) and continuous abstinence at 6 months (7.8 versus 3.8%, OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.28-3.56). CONCLUSION: Multiple Quit & Win contests may increase smoking abstinence rates in college students more than single contests, but it is not clear whether adding counseling to these interventions produces any additional benefit. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Society for the Study of Addiction Data Source Authors Thomas,J.L., Luo,X., Bengtson,J., Wang,Q., Ghidei,W., Nyman,J., Lust,K., An,L., Wetter,D.W., Epstein,L., Ahluwalia,J.S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151111 PMCID PMC4721252 Editors
Comparison of beliefs about e-cigarettes' harms and benefits among never users and ever users of e-cigarettes	2016	Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Population Sciences Division, Center for Community Based Research, Boston, USA; Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Boston, USA. Electronic address: andy_tan@dfci.harvard.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Drug and alcohol dependence Periodical, Abbrev. Drug Alcohol Depend. Pub Date Free Form 1-Jan Volume 158 Issue Start Page 67 Other Pages 75 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 7513587; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/08/29 [received]; 2015/10/15 [revised]; 2015/11/03 [accepted]; 2015/11/12 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Ireland ISSN/ISBN 1879-0046; 0376-8716 Accession Number PMID: 26621550 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.11.003 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26621550 Abstract INTRODUCTION: E-cigarette use is rapidly increasing, especially among youth and young adults. We need to learn what factors are associated with uptake in e-cigarettes. One important set of predictors is beliefs about e-cigarettes' potential harms and benefits. METHODS: Online survey data were collected in July, 2014 from 527 U.S. adults from a nationally representative online panel (KnowledgePanel) who reported being aware of e-cigarettes. Participants were asked to rate 7 statements related to e-cigarettes harms or benefits (e.g., breathing vapors from other people's e-cigarettes is harmful to my health; vaping or using e-cigarettes can help people quit smoking regular cigarettes completely). Responses were categorized into agree, disagree, or no opinion. We compared the proportions of agreement between respondents who ever used e-cigarettes and those who had never used. Multinomial logistic regression was used to predict agree or no opinion versus disagree (base outcome) for each belief. Relative risk ratios (RRRs) are reported. The analyses were completed in December, 2014 and were weighted to match the general U.S. adult population. RESULTS: Agreement across the 7 beliefs ranged from 33% (vaping can help people quit smoking) to 56% (e-cigarettes make smoking look more acceptable to youth). Ever use of e-cigarettes was associated with lower relative risk of agreeing with statements about potential harms and higher relative risk of agreeing with statements about benefits (versus disagreeing) compared with never users. DISCUSSION: These findings provide timely data on beliefs about e-cigarettes between e-cigarette users and non-users to inform potential message topics for health campaign interventions. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ireland Ltd Data Source Authors Tan,A.S., Lee,C.J., Bigman,C.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151112 PMCID Editors
E-cigarette use and intentions to smoke among 10-11-year-old never-smokers in Wales	2016	Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), Cardiff University, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff, UK.; Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 25 Issue 2 Start Page 147 Other Pages 152 Notes LR: 20160324; CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/; GR: MR/K021400/1/Medical Research Council/U Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 25535293 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-052011 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25535293 Abstract BACKGROUND: E-cigarettes are seen by some as offering harm reduction potential, where used effectively as smoking cessation devices. However, there is emerging international evidence of growing use among young people, amid concerns that this may increase tobacco uptake. Few UK studies examine the prevalence of e-cigarette use in non-smoking children or associations with intentions to smoke. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of year 6 (10-11-year-old) children in Wales. Approximately 1500 children completed questions on e-cigarette use, parental and peer smoking, and intentions to smoke. Logistic regression analyses among never smoking children, adjusted for school-level clustering, examined associations of smoking norms with e-cigarette use, and of e-cigarette use with intentions to smoke tobacco within the next 2 years. RESULTS: Approximately 6% of year 6 children, including 5% of never smokers, reported having used an e-cigarette. By comparison to children whose parents neither smoked nor used e-cigarettes, children were most likely to have used an e-cigarette if parents used both tobacco and e-cigarettes (OR=3.40; 95% CI 1.73 to 6.69). Having used an e-cigarette was associated with intentions to smoke (OR=3.21; 95% CI 1.66 to 6.23). While few children reported that they would smoke in 2 years' time, children who had used an e-cigarette were less likely to report that they definitely would not smoke tobacco in 2 years' time and were more likely to say that they might. CONCLUSIONS: E-cigarettes represent a new form of childhood experimentation with nicotine. Findings are consistent with a hypothesis that children use e-cigarettes to imitate parental and peer smoking behaviours, and that e-cigarette use is associated with weaker antismoking intentions. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Moore,G.F., Littlecott,H.J., Moore,L., Ahmed,N., Holliday,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141222 PMCID PMC4789807 Editors
Electronic Cigarette Use Among High School Students and Its Association With Cigarette Use And Smoking Cessation, North Carolina Youth Tobacco Surveys, 2011 and 2013	2016	Center for Regulatory Research on Tobacco Communication, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599. Email: huangl@email.unc.edu.; Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North C	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Preventing chronic disease Periodical, Abbrev. Prev.Chronic Dis. Pub Date Free Form 4-Aug Volume 13 Issue Start Page E103 Other Pages Notes LR: 20160818; JID: 101205018; OID: NLM: PMC4975179; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1545-1151; 1545-1151 Accession Number PMID: 27490368 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.5888/pcd13.150564 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27490368 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Although adolescent cigarette use continues to decline in the United States, electronic cigarette (ecigarette) use among adolescents has escalated rapidly. This study assessed trends and patterns of ecigarette use and concurrent cigarette smoking and the relationships between e-cigarette use and smoking cessation intentions and behaviors among high school students in North Carolina. METHODS: Data came from high school students who completed the school-based, cross-sectional North Carolina Youth Tobacco Survey in 2011 (n = 4,791) and 2013 (n = 4,092). This study assessed changes in prevalence of e-cigarette and cigarette use from 2011 through 2013, and cessation-related factors associated with those students' current and past use of ecigarettes in 2013. RESULTS: The prevalence of current e-cigarette use (use in the past 30 days) significantly increased from 1.7% (95% CI, 1.3%-2.2%) in 2011 to 7.7% (95% CI, 5.9%-10.0%) in 2013. Among dual users, current e-cigarette use was negatively associated with intention to quit cigarette smoking for good (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.29-0.87) and with attempts to quit cigarette smoking in the past 12 months (RRR = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.49-0.97). Current e-cigarette smokers were less likely than those who only smoked cigarettes to have ever abstained from cigarette smoking for 6 months (RRR = 0.42; 95% CI, 0.21-0.82) or 1 year (RRR = 0.21; 95% CI, 0.09-0.51) and to have used any kind of aids for smoking cessation (RRR = 0.46; 95% CI, 0.29-0.74). CONCLUSION: Public health practitioners and cessation clinic service providers should educate adolescents about the risks of using any nicotine-containing products, including e-cigarettes, and provide adequate tobacco cessation resources and counseling to adolescent tobacco users. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Huang,L.L., Kowitt,S.D., Sutfin,E.L., Patel,T., Ranney,L.M., Goldstein,A.O. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160804 PMCID PMC4975179 Editors
The Impact of the West Africa Ebola Outbreak on Obstetric Health Care in Sierra Leone	2016	Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.; Department of Surgery, St Olav Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.; CapaCare, Trondheim, Norway.; Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.; Un	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full PloS one Periodical, Abbrev. PLoS One Pub Date Free Form 24-Feb Volume 11 Issue 2 Start Page e0150080 Other Pages Notes LR: 20160228; JID: 101285081; OID: NLM: PMC4766087; 2016 [ecollection]; 2015/12/08 [received]; 2016/02/09 [accepted]; 2016/02/24 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1932-6203; 1932-6203 Accession Number PMID: 26910462 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0150080 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26910462 Abstract BACKGROUND: As Sierra Leone celebrates the end of the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak, we can begin to fully grasp its impact on already weak health systems. The EVD outbreak in West Africa forced many hospitals to close down or reduce their activity, either to prevent nosocomial transmission or because of staff shortages. The aim of this study is to assess the potential impact of EVD on nationwide access to obstetric care in Sierra Leone. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Community health officers collected weekly data between January 2014-May 2015 on in-hospital deliveries and caesarean sections (C-sections) from all open facilities (public, private for-profit and private non-profit sectors) offering emergency obstetrics in Sierra Leone. This was compared to official data of EVD cases per district. Logistic and Poisson regression analyses were used to compute risk and rate estimates. Nationwide, the number of in-hospital deliveries and C-sections decreased by over 20% during the EVD outbreak. The decline occurred early on in the EVD outbreak and was mainly attributable to the closing of private not-for-profit hospitals rather than government facilities. Due to difficulties in collecting data in the midst of an epidemic, limitations of this study include some missing data points. CONCLUSIONS: Both the number of in-hospital deliveries and C-sections substantially declined shortly after the onset of the EVD outbreak. Since access to emergency obstetric care, like C-sections, is associated with decreased maternal mortality, many women are likely to have died due to the reduced access to appropriate care during childbirth. Future research on indirect health effects of health system breakdown should ideally be nationwide and continue also into the recovery phase. It is also important to understand the mechanisms behind the deterioration so that important health services can be reestablished. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Brolin Ribacke,K.J., van Duinen,A.J., Nordenstedt,H., Hoijer,J., Molnes,R., Froseth,T.W., Koroma,A.P., Darj,E., Bolkan,H.A., Ekstrom,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160224 PMCID PMC4766087 Editors
Comparative Evaluation of the Etching Pattern of Er,Cr:YSGG & Acid Etching on Extracted Human Teeth-An ESEM Analysis	2016	Reader, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Buddha Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital , Patna, Bihar, India .; Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital , Kolkata, West Benga	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR Periodical, Abbrev. J.Clin.Diagn.Res. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 10 Issue 5 Start Page ZC01 Other Pages 5 Notes LR: 20160722; JID: 101488993; OID: NLM: PMC4948513; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016/02/23 [received]; 2016/03/16 [accepted]; 2016/05/01 [epublish]; ppublish Place of Publication India ISSN/ISBN 2249-782X; 0973-709X Accession Number PMID: 27437337 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.7860/JCDR/2016/19739.7705 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27437337 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Etching of enamel and dentin surfaces increases the surface area of the substrate for better bonding of the tooth colored restorative materials. Acid etching is the most commonly used method. Recently, hard tissue lasers have been used for this purpose. AIM: The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the etching pattern of Er,Cr:YSGG and conventional etching on extracted human enamel and dentin specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total 40 extracted non-diseased teeth were selected, 20 anterior and 20 posterior teeth each for enamel and dentin specimens respectively. The sectioned samples were polished by 400 grit Silicon Carbide (SiC) paper to a thickness of 1.0 +/- 0.5 mm. The enamel and dentin specimens were grouped as: GrE1 & GrD1 as control specimens, GrE2 & GrD2 were acid etched and GrE3 & GrD3 were lased. Acid etching was done using Conditioner 36 (37 % phosphoric acid) according to manufacturer instructions. Laser etching was done using Er,Cr:YSGG (Erbium, Chromium : Ytrium Scandium Gallium Garnet) at power settings of 3W, air 70% and water 20%. After surface treatment with assigned agents the specimens were analyzed under ESEM (Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope) at X1000 and X5000 magnification. RESULTS: Chi Square and Student "t" statistical analysis was used to compare smear layer removal and etching patterns between GrE2-GrE3. GrD2 and GrD3 were compared for smear layer removal and diameter of dentinal tubule opening using the same statistical analysis. Chi-square test for removal of smear layer in any of the treated surfaces i.e., GrE2-E3 and GrD2-D3 did not differ significantly (p>0.05). While GrE2 showed predominantly type I etching pattern (Chi-square=2.78, 0.050.10) and GrE3 showed type III etching (Chi-square=4.50, p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Issar,R., Mazumdar,D., Ranjan,S., Krishna,N.K., Kole,R., Singh,P., Lakiang,D., Jayam,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160501 PMCID PMC4948513 Editors
Dietary magnesium, calcium:magnesium ratio and risk of reflux oesophagitis, Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma: a population-based case-control study	2016	1Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center,Department of Medicine,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center,Vanderbilt University School of Medicine,Nashville,TN 37203,USA.; 2Cancer Epidemiology & Health Services Research Group, Centre of Excellence for Public Health Northern	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The British journal of nutrition Periodical, Abbrev. Br.J.Nutr. Pub Date Free Form 28-Jan Volume 115 Issue 2 Start Page 342 Other Pages 350 Notes LR: 20160318; JID: 0372547; 0 (Calcium, Dietary); I38ZP9992A (Magnesium); OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/11/13 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1475-2662; 0007-1145 Accession Number PMID: 26563986 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1017/S0007114515004444 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26563986 Abstract Evidence suggests a role of Mg and the ratio of Ca:Mg intakes in the prevention of colonic carcinogenesis. The association between these nutrients and oesophageal adenocarcinoma - a tumour with increasing incidence in developed countries and poor survival rates - has yet to be explored. The aim of this investigation was to explore the association between Mg intake and related nutrients and risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma and its precursor conditions, Barrett's oesophagus and reflux oesophagitis. This analysis included cases of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (n 218), Barrett's oesophagus (n 212), reflux oesophagitis (n 208) and population-based controls (n 252) recruited between 2002 and 2005 throughout the island of Ireland. All the subjects completed a 101-item FFQ. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was applied to determine odds of disease according to dietary intakes of Mg, Ca and Ca:Mg ratio. After adjustment for potential confounders, individuals consuming the highest amounts of Mg from foods had significant reductions in the odds of reflux oesophagitis (OR 0.31; 95 % CI 0.11, 0.87) and Barrett's oesophagus (OR 0.29; 95 % CI 0.12, 0.71) compared with individuals consuming the lowest amounts of Mg. The protective effect of Mg was more apparent in the context of a low Ca:Mg intake ratio. No significant associations were observed for Mg intake and oesophageal adenocarcinoma risk (OR 0.77; 95 % CI 0.30, 1.99 comparing the highest and the lowest tertiles of consumption). In conclusion, dietary Mg intakes were inversely associated with reflux oesophagitis and Barrett's oesophagus risk in this Irish population. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Dai,Q., Cantwell,M.M., Murray,L.J., Zheng,W., Anderson,L.A., Coleman,H.G., FINBAR study group Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151113 PMCID Editors
''Quit & Win'' Contests Among College Students: Predictors of Long-Term Smoking Abstinence	2016	University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA jthomas@umn.edu.; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.;	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Health promotion : AJHP Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Health Promot. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 30 Issue 4 Start Page 264 Other Pages 271 Notes CI: (c) The Author(s) 2016; JID: 8701680; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 2168-6602; 0890-1171 Accession Number PMID: 27404062 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; T DOI 10.1177/0890117116639560 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27404062 Abstract PURPOSE: To determine smoking abstinence rates and predictors of abstinence among college students enrolled in a campus-based Quit & Win contest. DESIGN: Pre-post measure with no comparison group. SETTING: Contests conducted on seven college campuses in 2007. SUBJECTS: Subjects (N = 484) were 23.7 +/- 6.8 years of age, 61% female, 16.3% nonwhite, and smoked 12.5 +/- 7.8 cigarettes per day on 28.0 +/- 4.8 days in the past month. INTERVENTION: Participants abstinent for the 30-day contest were eligible for a lottery-based prize. Assessments were completed at baseline, end of contest, and 6 months after enrollment. MEASURES: The 6-month survey assessed retrospective abstinence during the contest period and the prior 6 months and 7- and 30-day point prevalence abstinence at the time of the survey. ANALYSIS: Chi-square test was used to compare baseline characteristics among participants from 2-versus 4-year schools. Smoking abstinence was assessed by participant self-report. Both a simple imputation method (i.e., missing = smoking) and completers-only analyses were conducted. Stepwise logistic regression was used to determine baseline predictors of abstinence. RESULTS: Thirty-day abstinence rate was 52.5% during the contest month and 20.5% at the 6-month follow-up. Baseline intention to stay quit (odds ratio [OR] = 1.56, p = .01), cigarettes smoked per day (OR = .67, p = .04), and 2-year (vs. 4-year) college (OR = 1.65, p = .05) predicted abstinence at 6 months. CONCLUSION: Intention to stay quit even without winning a prize, a measure of intrinsic motivation, predicted both short- and long-term abstinence. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Thomas,J.L., Luo,X., Bengtson,J.E., Weber-Main,A.M., Lust,K., Ahluwalia,J.S., An,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Successful Control of Ebola Virus Disease: Analysis of Service Based Data from Rural Sierra Leone	2016	Manson Unit, Medecins Sans Frontieres, London, United Kingdom.; National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.; Manson Unit, Medecins Sans Frontieres, Lond	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full PLoS neglected tropical diseases Periodical, Abbrev. PLoS Negl Trop.Dis. Pub Date Free Form 9-Mar Volume 10 Issue 3 Start Page e0004498 Other Pages Notes LR: 20160324; JID: 101291488; OID: NLM: PMC4784943; 2016/03 [ecollection]; 2015/10/07 [received]; 2016/02/08 [accepted]; 2016/03/09 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1935-2735; 1935-2727 Accession Number PMID: 26959413 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004498 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26959413 Abstract INTRODUCTION: The scale and geographical distribution of the current outbreak in West Africa raised doubts as to the effectiveness of established methods of control. Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) was first detected in Sierra Leone in May 2014 in Kailahun district. Despite high case numbers elsewhere in the country, transmission was eliminated in the district by December 2014. We describe interventions underpinning successful EVD control in Kailahun and implications for EVD control in other areas. METHODS: Internal service data and published reports from response agencies were analysed to describe the structure and type of response activities, EVD case numbers and epidemic characteristics. This included daily national situation reports and District-level data and reports of the Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation, and Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) patient data and internal epidemiological reports. We used EVD case definitions provided by the World Health Organisation over the course of the outbreak. Characteristics assessed included level of response activities and epidemiological features such as reported exposure (funeral-related or not), time interval between onset of illness and admission to the EVD Management Centre (EMC), work-related exposures (health worker or not) and mortality. We compared these characteristics between two time periods--June to July (the early period of response), and August to December (when coverage and quality of response had improved). A stochastic model was used to predict case numbers per generation with different numbers of beds and a varying percentage of community cases detected. RESULTS: There were 652 probable/confirmed EVD cases from June-December 2014 in Kailahun. An EMC providing patient care opened in June. By August 2014 an integrated detection, treatment, and prevention strategy was in place across the district catchment zone. From June-July to August-December 2014 surveillance and contact tracing staff increased from 1.0 to 8.8 per confirmed EVD case, EMC capacity increased from 32 to 100 beds, the number of burial teams doubled, and health promotion activities increased in coverage. These improvements in response were associated with the following changes between the same periods: the proportion of confirmed/probable cases admitted to the EMC increased from 35% to 83% (chi(2) p-value Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lokuge,K., Caleo,G., Greig,J., Duncombe,J., McWilliam,N., Squire,J., Lamin,M., Veltus,E., Wolz,A., Kobinger,G., de la Vega,M.A., Gbabai,O., Nabieu,S., Lamin,M., Kremer,R., Danis,K., Banks,E., Glass,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160309 PMCID PMC4784943 Editors
Longitudinal study of e-cigarette use and onset of cigarette smoking among high school students in Hawaii	2016	Prevention and Control Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.; Prevention and Control Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.; Cancer Control Program, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hamps	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form 25-Jan Volume Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes LR: 20160726; CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/; GR: P30 CA071789/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United Stat Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 26811353 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI tobaccocontrol-2015-052705 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26811353 Abstract OBJECTIVE: Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is prevalent among adolescents, but there is little knowledge about the consequences of their use. We examined, longitudinally, how e-cigarette use among adolescents is related to subsequent smoking behaviour. METHODS: Longitudinal school-based survey with a baseline sample of 2338 students (9th and 10th graders, mean age 14.7 years) in Hawaii surveyed in 2013 (time 1, T1) and followed up 1 year later (time 2, T2). We assessed e-cigarette use, tobacco cigarette use, and psychosocial covariates (demographics, parental support and monitoring, and sensation seeking and rebelliousness). Regression analyses including the covariates tested whether e-cigarette use was related to the onset of smoking among youth who had never smoked cigarettes, and to change in smoking frequency among youth who had previously smoked cigarettes. RESULTS: Among T1 never-smokers, those who had used e-cigarettes at T1 were more likely to have smoked cigarettes at T2; for a complete-case analysis, adjusted OR=2.87, 95% CI 2.03 to 4.05, p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wills,T.A., Knight,R., Sargent,J.D., Gibbons,F.X., Pagano,I., Williams,R.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160125 PMCID PMC4959970 Editors

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