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Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
Epidemiology and risk factors of uninvestigated dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, and gastroesophageal reflux disease among students of Damascus University, Syria	2016	Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Mazzeh Street, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic. Electronic address: tareq145@gmail.com.; University of Kentucky, Internal Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.; Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Mazzeh Street, Dama	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of epidemiology and global health Periodical, Abbrev. J.Epidemiol.Glob.Health. Pub Date Free Form 5-Aug Volume Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes LR: 20160808; CI: Copyright (c) 2016; JID: 101592084; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/09/05 [received]; 2016/07/11 [revised]; 2016/07/16 [accepted]; aheadofprint Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 2210-6014; 2210-6006 Accession Number PMID: 27501053 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI S2210-6006(15)30051-4 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27501053 Abstract Uninvestigated dyspepsia (UD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are common disorders universally. Many studies have assessed their epidemiological characteristics around the world. However, such information is not known for Syria. We aim to estimate the epidemiologic characteristics and possible risk factors for UD, IBS, and GERD among students at Damascus University, Damascus, Syria. A cross-sectional study was conducted in July-September 2015 at a campus of Damascus University. A total of 320 students were randomly asked to complete the survey. We used ROME III criteria to define UD and IBS, and Montreal definition for GERD. In total, 302 valid participants were included in the analysis. Prevalence for UD, IBS, and GERD was 25%, 17%, and 16%, respectively. Symptom overlap was present in 46 students (15%), with UD+IBS in 28 (9.3%), UD+GERD in 26 (8.6%), and IBS+GERD in 14 (4.6%) students. Eleven (3.6%) students had symptoms of UD+IBS+GERD. Each of these overlaps occurred more frequently than expected by chance. Significant risk factors included cigarettes, waterpipe consumption, and body mass index Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Saadi,T.A., Idris,A., Turk,T., Alkhatib,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160805 PMCID Editors
Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation	2016	Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, UK, OX2 6GG.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 9-May Volume (5):CD006103. doi Issue 5 Start Page CD006103 Other Pages Notes JID: 100909747; 0 (Alkaloids); 0 (Azepines); 0 (Azocines); 0 (Benzazepines); 0 (Heterocyclic Compounds with 4 or More Rings); 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); 0 (Quinolizines); 01ZG3TPX31 (Bupropion); 53S5U404NU (cytisine); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); W6HS99O8ZO (Varen Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 27158893 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD006103.pub7 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27158893 Abstract BACKGROUND: Nicotine receptor partial agonists may help people to stop smoking by a combination of maintaining moderate levels of dopamine to counteract withdrawal symptoms (acting as an agonist) and reducing smoking satisfaction (acting as an antagonist). OBJECTIVES: To review the efficacy of nicotine receptor partial agonists, including varenicline and cytisine, for smoking cessation. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group's specialised register for trials, using the terms ('cytisine' or 'Tabex' or 'dianicline' or 'varenicline' or 'nicotine receptor partial agonist') in the title or abstract, or as keywords. The register is compiled from searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO using MeSH terms and free text to identify controlled trials of interventions for smoking cessation and prevention. We contacted authors of trial reports for additional information where necessary. The latest update of the specialised register was in May 2015, although we have included a few key trials published after this date. We also searched online clinical trials registers. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials which compared the treatment drug with placebo. We also included comparisons with bupropion and nicotine patches where available. We excluded trials which did not report a minimum follow-up period of six months from start of treatment. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data on the type of participants, the dose and duration of treatment, the outcome measures, the randomisation procedure, concealment of allocation, and completeness of follow-up.The main outcome measured was abstinence from smoking at longest follow-up. We used the most rigorous definition of abstinence, and preferred biochemically validated rates where they were reported. Where appropriate we pooled risk ratios (RRs), using the Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effect model. MAIN RESULTS: Two trials of cytisine (937 people) found that more participants taking cytisine stopped smoking compared with placebo at longest follow-up, with a pooled risk ratio (RR) of 3.98 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.01 to 7.87; low-quality evidence). One recent trial comparing cytisine with NRT in 1310 people found a benefit for cytisine at six months (RR 1.43, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.80).One trial of dianicline (602 people) failed to find evidence that it was effective (RR 1.20, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.75). This drug is no longer in development.We identified 39 trials that tested varenicline, 27 of which contributed to the primary analysis (varenicline versus placebo). Five of these trials also included a bupropion treatment arm. Eight trials compared varenicline with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Nine studies tested variations in varenicline dosage, and 13 tested usage in disease-specific subgroups of patients. The included studies covered 25,290 participants, 11,801 of whom used varenicline.The pooled RR for continuous or sustained abstinence at six months or longer for varenicline at standard dosage versus placebo was 2.24 (95% CI 2.06 to 2.43; 27 trials, 12,625 people; high-quality evidence). Varenicline at lower or variable doses was also shown to be effective, with an RR of 2.08 (95% CI 1.56 to 2.78; 4 trials, 1266 people). The pooled RR for varenicline versus bupropion at six months was 1.39 (95% CI 1.25 to 1.54; 5 trials, 5877 people; high-quality evidence). The RR for varenicline versus NRT for abstinence at 24 weeks was 1.25 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.37; 8 trials, 6264 people; moderate-quality evidence). Four trials which tested the use of varenicline beyond the 12-week standard regimen found the drug to be well-tolerated during long-term use. The number needed to treat with varenicline for an additional beneficial outcome, based on the weighted mean control rate, is 11 (95% CI 9 to 13). The most commonly reported adverse effect of varenicline was nausea, which was mostly at mild to moderate levels and usually subsided over time. Our analysis of reporte Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Cahill,K., Lindson-Hawley,N., Thomas,K.H., Fanshawe,T.R., Lancaster,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160509 PMCID Editors
Combined pharmacotherapy and behavioural interventions for smoking cessation	2016	Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, UK, OX2 6GG.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 24-Mar Volume 3 Issue Start Page CD008286 Other Pages Notes JID: 100909747; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 27009521 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD008286.pub3 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27009521 Abstract BACKGROUND: Both behavioural support (including brief advice and counselling) and pharmacotherapies (including nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), varenicline and bupropion) are effective in helping people to stop smoking. Combining both treatment approaches is recommended where possible, but the size of the treatment effect with different combinations and in different settings and populations is unclear. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of combining behavioural support and medication to aid smoking cessation, compared to a minimal intervention or usual care, and to identify whether there are different effects depending on characteristics of the treatment setting, intervention, population treated, or take-up of treatment. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialised Register in July 2015 for records with any mention of pharmacotherapy, including any type of NRT, bupropion, nortriptyline or varenicline. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials evaluating combinations of pharmacotherapy and behavioural support for smoking cessation, compared to a control receiving usual care or brief advice or less intensive behavioural support. We excluded trials recruiting only pregnant women, trials recruiting only adolescents, and trials with less than six months follow-up. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Search results were prescreened by one author and inclusion or exclusion of potentially relevant trials was agreed by two authors. Data was extracted by one author and checked by another.The main outcome measure was abstinence from smoking after at least six months of follow-up. We used the most rigorous definition of abstinence for each trial, and biochemically validated rates if available. We calculated the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each study. Where appropriate, we performed meta-analysis using a Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effect model. MAIN RESULTS: Fifty-three studies with a total of more than 25,000 participants met the inclusion criteria. A large proportion of studies recruited people in healthcare settings or with specific health needs. Most studies provided NRT. Behavioural support was typically provided by specialists in cessation counselling, who offered between four and eight contact sessions. The planned maximum duration of contact was typically more than 30 minutes but less than 300 minutes. Overall, studies were at low or unclear risk of bias, and findings were not sensitive to the exclusion of any of the six studies rated at high risk of bias in one domain. One large study (the Lung Health Study) contributed heterogeneity due to a substantially larger treatment effect than seen in other studies (RR 3.88, 95% CI 3.35 to 4.50). Since this study used a particularly intensive intervention which included extended availability of nicotine gum, multiple group sessions and long term maintenance and recycling contacts, the results may not be comparable with the interventions used in other studies, and hence it was not pooled in other analyses. Based on the remaining 52 studies (19,488 participants) there was high quality evidence (using GRADE) for a benefit of combined pharmacotherapy and behavioural treatment compared to usual care, brief advice or less intensive behavioural support (RR 1.83, 95% CI 1.68 to 1.98) with moderate statistical heterogeneity (I(2) = 36%).The pooled estimate for 43 trials that recruited participants in healthcare settings (RR 1.97, 95% CI 1.79 to 2.18) was higher than for eight trials with community-based recruitment (RR 1.53, 95% CI 1.33 to 1.76). Compared to the first version of the review, previous weak evidence of differences in other subgroup analyses has disappeared. We did not detect differences between subgroups defined by motivation to quit, treatment provider, number or duration of support sessions, or take-up of treatment. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Interventions that combine pharmacotherapy and behavioural support increa Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Stead,L.F., Koilpillai,P., Fanshawe,T.R., Lancaster,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160324 PMCID Editors
Inner-ear decompression sickness in nine trimix recreational divers	2016	Hyperbaric Center, Niguarda Hospital, Reparto di anestesia e rianimazione Bozza Blocco DEA primo piano, Niguarda Hospital, Piazza dell'ospedale maggiore, Milano, Italy, Phone: +39-(0)34-9868-3498, E-mail: silvia.guenzani@gmail.com.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Diving and hyperbaric medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Diving.Hyperb.Med. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 46 Issue 2 Start Page 111 Other Pages 116 Notes JID: 101282742; 206GF3GB41 (Helium); 89210-11-7 (trimix); N762921K75 (Nitrogen); S88TT14065 (Oxygen); OTO: NOTNLM; 2016/03/31 [received]; 2016/04/12 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication Australia ISSN/ISBN 1833-3516; 1833-3516 Accession Number PMID: 27334999 Language eng SubFile Case Reports; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27334999 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Recreational technical diving, including the use of helium-based mixes (trimix) and the experimentation of new decompression algorithms, has become increasingly popular. Inner-ear decompression sickness (DCS) can occur as an isolated clinical entity or as part of a multi-organ presentation in this population. Physiological characteristics of the inner ear make it selectively vulnerable to DCS. The inner ear has a slower gas washout than the brain thus potentially making it more vulnerable to deleterious effects of any bubbles that cross a persistent foramen ovale (PFO) and enter the basilar artery, whilst the inner ear remains supersaturated but the brain does not. METHODS: A questionnaire was made widely available to divers to analyse the incidence of inner-ear DCS after technical dives. One-hundred-and-twenty-six divers submitted completed questionnaires, and we studied each incident in detail. RESULTS: Nine (7.1%) of the 126 responders reported to have had at least one episode of inner-ear DCS, of which seven occurred without having omitted planned decompression stops. Of these seven, four suffered from DCS affecting just the inner ear, while three also had skin, joint and bladder involvement. Five of the nine divers affected were found to have a PFO. All affected divers suffered from vestibular symptoms, while two also reported cochlear symptoms. Three divers reported to have balance problems long after the accident. CONCLUSIONS: This small study is consistent with a high prevalence of PFO among divers suffering inner-ear DCS after trimix dives, and the pathophysiological characteristics of the inner ear could contribute to this pathology, as described previously. After an episode of DCS, vestibular and cochlear injury should always be examined for. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Guenzani,S., Mereu,D., Messersmith,M., Olivari,D., Arena,M., Spano,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Interventions for tobacco use cessation in people living with HIV and AIDS	2016	Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 13-Jun Volume (6):CD011120. doi Issue 6 Start Page CD011120 Other Pages Notes JID: 100909747; 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); W6HS99O8ZO (Varenicline); epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 27292836 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD011120.pub2 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27292836 Abstract BACKGROUND: Tobacco use is highly prevalent amongst people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and has a substantial impact on morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of interventions to motivate and assist tobacco use cessation for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), and to evaluate the risks of any harms associated with those interventions. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group's Specialised Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO in June 2015. We also searched EThOS, ProQuest, four clinical trial registries, reference lists of articles, and searched for conference abstracts using Web of Science and handsearched speciality conference databases. SELECTION CRITERIA: Controlled trials of behavioural or pharmacological interventions for tobacco cessation for PLWHA. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently extracted all data using a standardised electronic data collection form. They extracted data on the nature of the intervention, participants, and proportion achieving abstinence and they contacted study authors to obtain missing information. We collected data on long-term (greater than or equal to six months) and short-term (less than six months) outcomes. Where appropriate, we performed meta-analysis and estimated the pooled effects using the Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effect method. Two authors independently assessed and reported the risk of bias according to prespecified criteria. MAIN RESULTS: We identified 14 studies relevant to this review, of which we included 12 in a meta-analysis (n = 2087). All studies provided an intervention combining behavioural support and pharmacotherapy, and in most studies this was compared to a less intensive control, typically comprising a brief behavioural intervention plus pharmacotherapy.There was moderate quality evidence from six studies for the long-term abstinence outcome, which showed no evidence of effect for more intense cessation interventions: (risk ratio (RR) 1.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.72 to 1.39) with no evidence of heterogeneity (I(2) = 0%). The pooled long-term abstinence was 8% in both intervention and control conditions. There was very low quality evidence from 11 studies that more intense tobacco cessation interventions were effective in achieving short-term abstinence (RR 1.51, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.00); there was moderate heterogeneity (I(2) = 42%). Abstinence in the control group at short-term follow-up was 8% (n = 67/848) and in the intervention group was 13% (n = 118/937). The effect of tailoring the intervention for PLWHA was unclear. We further investigated the effect of intensity of behavioural intervention via number of sessions and total duration of contact. We failed to detect evidence of a difference in effect according to either measure of intensity, although there were few studies in each subgroup. It was not possible to perform the planned analysis of adverse events or HIV outcomes since these were not reported in more than one study. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is moderate quality evidence that combined tobacco cessation interventions provide similar outcomes to controls in PLWHA in the long-term. There is very low quality evidence that combined tobacco cessation interventions were effective in helping PLWHA achieve short-term abstinence. Despite this, tobacco cessation interventions should be offered to PLWHA, since even non-sustained periods of abstinence have proven benefits. Further large, well designed studies of cessation interventions for PLWHA are needed. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Pool,E.R., Dogar,O., Lindsay,R.P., Weatherburn,P., Siddiqi,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160613 PMCID Editors
Mobile phone-based interventions for smoking cessation	2016	National Institute for Health Innovation, University of Auckland, Tamaki Campus, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand, 1142.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 10-Apr Volume 4 Issue Start Page CD006611 Other Pages Notes JID: 100909747; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 27060875 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD006611.pub4 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27060875 Abstract BACKGROUND: Access to mobile phones continues to increase exponentially globally, outstripping access to fixed telephone lines, fixed computers and the Internet. Mobile phones are an appropriate and effective option for the delivery of smoking cessation support in some contexts. This review updates the evidence on the effectiveness of mobile phone-based smoking cessation interventions. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether mobile phone-based smoking cessation interventions increase smoking cessation in people who smoke and want to quit. SEARCH METHODS: For the most recent update, we searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialised Register in April 2015. We also searched the UK Clinical Research Network Portfolio for current projects in the UK, and the ClinicalTrials.gov register for ongoing or recently completed studies. We searched through the reference lists of identified studies and attempted to contact the authors of ongoing studies. We applied no restrictions on language or publication date. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised or quasi-randomised trials. Participants were smokers of any age who wanted to quit. Studies were those examining any type of mobile phone-based intervention for smoking cessation. This included any intervention aimed at mobile phone users, based around delivery via mobile phone, and using any functions or applications that can be used or sent via a mobile phone. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Review authors extracted information on risk of bias and methodological details using a standardised form. We considered participants who dropped out of the trials or were lost to follow-up to be smoking. We calculated risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each included study. Meta-analysis of the included studies used the Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effect method. Where meta-analysis was not possible, we presented a narrative summary and descriptive statistics. MAIN RESULTS: This updated search identified 12 studies with six-month smoking cessation outcomes, including seven studies completed since the previous review. The interventions were predominantly text messaging-based, although several paired text messaging with in-person visits or initial assessments. Two studies gave pre-paid mobile phones to low-income human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive populations - one solely for phone counselling, the other also included text messaging. One study used text messages to link to video messages. Control programmes varied widely. Studies were pooled according to outcomes - some providing measures of continuous abstinence or repeated measures of point prevalence; others only providing 7-day point prevalence abstinence. All 12 studies pooled using their most rigorous 26-week measures of abstinence provided an RR of 1.67 (95% CI 1.46 to 1.90; I(2) = 59%). Six studies verified quitting biochemically at six months (RR 1.83; 95% CI 1.54 to 2.19). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The current evidence supports a beneficial impact of mobile phone-based smoking cessation interventions on six-month cessation outcomes. While all studies were good quality, the fact that those studies with biochemical verification of quitting status demonstrated an even higher chance of quitting further supports the positive findings. However, it should be noted that most included studies were of text message interventions in high-income countries with good tobacco control policies. Therefore, caution should be taken in generalising these results outside of this type of intervention and context. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Whittaker,R., McRobbie,H., Bullen,C., Rodgers,A., Gu,Y. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160410 PMCID Editors
Evaluation of the contamination of spirits by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry	2016	Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of Interna	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Food Chemistry Periodical, Abbrev. Food Chem. Pub Date Free Form 1-Jan Volume 190 Issue Start Page 324 Other Pages 330 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 7702639; 0 (Emulsions); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 059QF0KO0R (Water); OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/02/08 [received]; 2015/05/25 [revised]; 2015/05/26 [accepted]; 2015/05/27 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0308-8146; 0308-8146 Accession Number PMID: 26212977 Language eng SubFile Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.05.106 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26212977 Abstract The concentration of twelve polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), included in the list of priority pollutants, in different spirits has been obtained by means of a rapid and sensitive method based on gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The environmentally friendly ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction (USAEME) technique allowed the easy and effective preconcentration of the PAHs from the sample matrices. Several parameters affecting the extraction efficiency, such as the nature and volume of the extractant solvent, and the addition of salt, as well as the sonication parameters were investigated and optimized. The absence of matrix effects under the optimized conditions allowed the sample quantification against aqueous standards. Detection limits ranged between 1.8 and 6.3 ng L(-1), depending on the compound. Different spirit samples were successfully analyzed using the proposed method, and contents of up to 0.9 mug L(-1) were found. Relative recoveries at fortified levels of 0.2 and 1 mug L(-1) were in the range 84-118%. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Cacho,J.I., Campillo,N., Vinas,P., Hernandez-Cordoba,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150527 PMCID Editors
Smoking cessation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	2016	Department of Family Medicine, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 20-Aug Volume 8 Issue Start Page CD010744 Other Pages Notes LR: 20160822; JID: 100909747; aheadofprint Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 27545342 Language ENG SubFile REVIEW; JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD010744.pub2 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27545342 Abstract BACKGROUND: Smoking cessation is the most important treatment for smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but little is known about the effectiveness of different smoking cessation interventions for this particular group of smokers. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of behavioural or pharmacological smoking cessation interventions, or both, in smokers with COPD. SEARCH METHODS: We searched all records in the Cochrane Airways Group Specialised Register of Trials. In addition to this electronic search, we searched clinical trial registries for planned, ongoing, and unpublished trials. We searched all databases from their inception. We checked the reference lists of all included studies and of other systematic reviews in relevant topic areas. We searched for errata or retractions from eligible trials on PubMed. We conducted our most recent search in March 2016. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials assessing the effectiveness of any behavioural or pharmacological treatment, or both, in smokers with COPD reporting at least six months of follow-up abstinence rates. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently extracted the data and performed the methodological quality assessment for each study. We resolved any disagreements by consensus. MAIN RESULTS: We included 16 studies (involving 13,123 participants) in this systematic review, two of which were of high quality. These two studies showed that nicotine sublingual tablet and varenicline increased the quit rate over placebo (risk ratio (RR) 2.60 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29 to 5.24) and RR 3.34 (95% CI 1.88 to 5.92)). Pooled results of two studies also showed a positive effect of bupropion compared with placebo (RR 2.03 (95% CI 1.26 to 3.28)). When pooling these four studies, we found high-quality evidence for the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy plus high-intensity behavioural treatment compared with placebo plus high-intensity behavioural treatment (RR 2.53 (95% CI 1.83 to 3.50)). Furthermore, we found some evidence that high-intensity behavioural treatment increased abstinence rates when compared with usual care (RR 25.38 (95% CI 8.03 to 80.22)) or low-intensity behavioural treatment (RR 2.18 (95% CI 1.05 to 4.49)). Finally, the results showed effectiveness of various combinations of psychosocial and pharmacological interventions. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: We found high-quality evidence in a meta-analysis including four (1,540 participants) of the 16 included studies that a combination of behavioural treatment and pharmacotherapy is effective in helping smokers with COPD to quit smoking. Furthermore, we conclude that there is no convincing evidence for preferring any particular form of behavioural or pharmacological treatment. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors van Eerd,E.A., van der Meer,R.M., van Schayck,O.C., Kotz,D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160820 PMCID Editors
Formation of bromate during ferrate(VI) oxidation of bromide in water	2016	School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, 1 Normal Ave., New Jersey, 07043, United States.; Department of Earth and Environmen	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Chemosphere Periodical, Abbrev. Chemosphere Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 155 Issue Start Page 528 Other Pages 533 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2016; JID: 0320657; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016/04/04 [received]; 2016/04/22 [revised]; 2016/04/24 [accepted]; 2016/05/03 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1879-1298; 0045-6535 Accession Number PMID: 27153235 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.093 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27153235 Abstract Ferrate (VI) is traditionally recognized as a safe oxidant without production of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). However, here we detected probable carcinogenic bromate (BrO3(-)) during ferrate(VI) oxidation of bromide (Br(-))-containing water, and evaluated the effects of pH, ferrate(VI) dose, initial Br(-) concentration, and co-existing anions on the BrO3(-) formation. BrO3(-) was produced at a moderately-weakly acidic pH condition and in the absence of phosphate that was commonly applied as a buffer and stabilizing agent in previous ferrate(VI) studies. At pH 5.0, the produced BrO3(-) was increased from 12.5 to 273.8 mug/L with the increasing initial Br(-) concentration from 200 to 1000 mug/L at 10 mg/L Fe(VI), corresponding to an increase in the molar conversion ([BrO3(-)]/initial [Br(-)]) from 2.3% to 10.3%, in a bicarbonate-buffered solution. As pH increased to 7.0, the BrO3(-) concentration gradually dropped. The BrO3(-) production appeared to be associated with the oxidation by high valence iron species (i.e. Fe(VI), Fe(V) and Fe(IV)). Two key intermediate products (i.e. hypobromous acid/hypobromite (HOBr/OBr(-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)) relevant to the bromate formation were identified. The production of HOBr, a requisite intermediate for the ensuing bromate formation, was indirectly validated through identification of bromine-containing trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids during ferrate oxidation in a natural water, though these bromo-organic DBPs produced were insignificant. Furthermore, the inhibition effects of various anions on the formation of BrO3(-) followed chloride Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Huang,X., Deng,Y., Liu,S., Song,Y., Li,N., Zhou,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160503 PMCID Editors
Syngonanthus nitens Bong. (Rhul.)-Loaded Nanostructured System for Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Treatment	2016	Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Sao Paulo 14800-903, Brazil. matheusramos_91@hotmail.com.; Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP-Univ Est	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of molecular sciences Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Mol.Sci. Pub Date Free Form 22-Aug Volume 17 Issue 8 Start Page E1368 Other Pages Notes LR: 20160824; JID: 101092791; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016/05/24 [received]; 2016/06/28 [revised]; 2016/06/30 [accepted]; epublish Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1422-0067; 1422-0067 Accession Number PMID: 27556451 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI E1368 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27556451 Abstract Herbal-loaded drug delivery nanotechnological systems have been extensively studied recently. The antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants has shown better pharmacological action when such plants are loaded into a drug delivery system than when they are not loaded. Syngonanthus nitens Bong. (Rhul.) belongs to the Eriocaulaceae family and presents antiulcerogenic, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of Syngonanthus nitens (S. nitens) extract that was not loaded (E) or loaded (SE) into a liquid crystal precursor system (S) for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) with Candida albicans. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the microdilution technique. Additionally, we performed hyphae inhibition and biofilm tests. Finally, experimental candidiasis was evaluated in in vivo models with Wistar female rats. The results showed effective antifungal activity after incorporation into S for all strains tested, with MICs ranging from 31.2 to 62.5 mug/mL. Microscopic observation of SE revealed an absence of filamentous cells 24 h of exposure to a concentration of 31.2 mug/mL. E demonstrated no effective action against biofilms, though SE showed inhibition against biofilms of all strains. In the in vivo experiment, SE was effective in the treatment of infection after only two days of treatment and was more effective than E and amphotericin B. The S. nitens is active against Candida albicans (C. albicans) and the antifungal potential is being enhanced after incorporation into liquid crystal precursor systems (LCPS). These findings represent a promising application of SE in the treatment of VVC. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Dos Santos Ramos,M.A., de Toledo,L.G., Calixto,G.M., Bonifacio,B.V., de Freitas Araujo,M.G., Dos Santos,L.C., de Almeida,M.T., Chorilli,M., Bauab,T.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160822 PMCID Editors

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