WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
Preventive practices and non healthy behaviors among female university employees in Saudi Arabia	1999	Milaat, W.A., Department of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Egypt	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bahrain Medical Bulletin Periodical, Abbrev. Bahrain Med.Bull. Pub Date Free Form 1999/ Volume 21 Issue 3 Start Page 75 Other Pages 79 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1012-8298 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Objective: To assess the prevalence of non healthy behaviors and the practice of health preventive measures among female university employees in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Subjects and methods: Through a multi-stage stratified sample, a total of 299 female teaching staff and employees were interviewed by trained female medical students using a comprehensive questionnaire to determine non healthy behaviors and preventive measures practiced. Results: Educational level of this group was high and their jobs were mostly in teaching and administration. Only one fourth of them practiced any form of physical exercise weekly and over half of them were either obese or severely obese. Obesity was seen more among mothers and older age groups and physical exercise was practiced more by non Saudis. Cigarette and Shisha smoking were reported by 10% and 11% of the group, respectively. Consumption of fatty foods was prevalent in more than half of university employees, while seat belt use for 20 % of the time or more was very low (21.1%). Low rates of pap smear testing and mammography were reported and breast self examination (BSE) practice is still unpopular among Saudi females. BSE was highly associated with the performance of mammography and medical breast examination, while mammograms were carried out more in employees having relatives with breast cancer. Conclusion and recommendation: Results from this study supports the general picture of obesity, low physical activity and high fat intake among Saudis and emphasizes the need for promoting physical fitness among them. Low rates of preventive screening practices such as mammography and pap smear testing were reported and alarming rates of smoking among them were also documented. This all emphasizes the necessity for public educational efforts to promote healthy dietary habits and lifestyle and implement preventive screening tests. Descriptors academic achievement, adult, article, breast carcinoma, cancer screening, fat intake, female, female worker, fitness, health behavior, health promotion, human, lifestyle, major clinical study, mammography, nutrition, obesity, Papanicolaou test, prevalence, Saudi Arabia, smoking, university Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Milaat,W. A., Al-Bar,H. S., Ghabrah,T. M., Abalkhail,B. A., Suliman,N. K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Formation of manganese micro-nodules on water pipeline materials	1999	Murdoch, F., Dept. Civil Struct. Environm. Engn., University of Paisley, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water research Periodical, Abbrev. Water Res. Pub Date Free Form 1999/08 Volume 33 Issue 12 Start Page 2893 Other Pages 2895 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0043-1354 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract A study was carried out on the interaction of a manganese oxidising bacterium growing as part of a biofilm on the surface of polyvinychloride (PVC) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe material. After 2 weeks the formation of micro-nodules was observed within the biofilm. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of these micro-nodules showed high manganese and oxygen levels and indicated the possible formation of a manganese oxide complex. The nodules were found to average 10 Î¼m in diameter and most had a central hole of approximately 2 Î¼m. Descriptors manganese, manganese oxide, oxygen, polyethylene, polyvinylchloride, water, article, bacterium, biofilm, oxidation, pipeline, priority journal, roentgen spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Murdoch,F., Smith,P. G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Influence of parental smoking on respiratory symptoms during the first decade of life: the Tucson Children's Respiratory Study	1999	Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica RS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Epidemiology Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Epidemiol. Pub Date Free Form 1-Jun Volume 149 Issue 11 Start Page 1030 Other Pages 1037 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: HL14136/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 HL56177/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7910653; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0002-9262; 0002-9262 Accession Number PMID: 10355379 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10355379 Abstract Compelling evidence suggests a causal relation between exposure to parental cigarette smoking and respiratory symptoms during childhood. Still, the roles of prenatal versus postnatal parental smoking need clarification. In this study, the authors assessed the effects of passive smoking on respiratory symptoms in a cohort of over 1,000 children born during 1980-1984. The children were enrolled in the Tucson Children's Respiratory Study in Tucson, Arizona, and were followed from birth to age 11 years. The population was generally middle class and consisted of two main ethnic groups, non-Hispanic Whites (75%) and Hispanics (20%), reflecting Tucson's population. Information on parental smoking and on wheeze and cough in their children was elicited from parents by using questionnaires at five different surveys. Data were analyzed both cross-sectionally and by using the generalized estimation equation approach, a longitudinal mixed-effects model. The best-fitting model indicated that maternal prenatal but not postnatal smoking was associated with current wheeze (odds ratio = 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.4-3.8) independently of a family history of asthma, socioeconomic factors, and birth weight. This effect was time dependent and significant only below age 3 years; although independent of gender, the association was stronger for girls (odds ratio = 3.6, 95% confidence interval 1.6-8.0). Cough was not associated with parental smoking during the first decade of life. This transitory effect of maternal prenatal smoking on wheezing could be due to changes that affect the early stages of lung development. Descriptors Adult, Air Pollution, Indoor/adverse effects, Arizona, Child, Child Development/drug effects, Child, Preschool, Cough/etiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Female, Humans, Infant, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mothers, Odds Ratio, Parents, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Respiration Disorders/etiology, Respiratory Sounds/etiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Stein,R. T., Holberg,C. J., Sherrill,D., Wright,A. L., Morgan,W. J., Taussig,L., Martinez,F. D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Diarrhoea following contamination of drinking water with copper.	1999	Stenhammar, L., Department of Paediatrics, LinkÃ¶ping University, NorrkÃ¶ping Hospital, S-601 82 NorrkÃ¶ping, Sweden.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full European journal of medical research Periodical, Abbrev. Eur.J.Med.Res. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 4 Issue 6 Start Page 217 Other Pages 218 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0949-2321 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Three cases of children with suspected copper intoxication from the drinking water are described.The children presented with protracted diarrhoea, which promptly disappeared, when they were given drinking water of low copper concentration but reappeared when given their domestic water. It is concluded that the use of copper tubing in the water pipes may under certain circumstances result in the presence of copper in the drinking water and the risk of intoxication, especially in small children. Descriptors copper, article, blood, case report, chemically induced disorder, diarrhea, drinking, female, human, infant, male, metabolism, preschool child, sanitation, Sweden, urine, water pollutant, water supply Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Stenhammar,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Competitive adsorption of chloroform and iron ion onto activated carbon fiber	1999	Tanada, S., Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, Kowake, Osaka 577-8502, Japan	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of colloid and interface science Periodical, Abbrev. J.Colloid Interface Sci. Pub Date Free Form 1999/12 Volume 220 Issue 2 Start Page 406 Other Pages 409 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0021-9797 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Chloroform in tap water has been a significant problem because it may be a carcinogenic substituent. Iron ion exists in tap water because of dissolution from iron water pipes. Iron ions in tap water cause discoloration and a bad odor. The isotherms of chloroform and iron ion adsorption onto activated carbon fibers in a single solution (chloroform or iron ion) and in a binary mixture solution (chloroform and iron ion) were investigated to estimate the competitiveness between chloroform and iron ions. The amount of adsorbed iron ions increased with increasing pore volume of the activated carbon fibers, while that of chloroform decreased. The amount of chloroform adsorbed onto the activated carbon fibers in the binary mixture solution was greater than that in the single solution. These results indicate that the adsorption of chloroform and iron ion onto activated carbon fibers could be competitive. Descriptors activated carbon, chloroform, iron, tap water, adsorption, article, chemical reaction kinetics, controlled study, fiber, priority journal, surface property Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Uchida,M., Ito,S., Kawasaki,N., Nakamura,T., Tanada,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Practical experience with rapid methods for controlling the microbiological quality of drinking water and disinfection efficiency	1999	Wiegand-Rosinus, M., Stadtwerke Mainz AG, D-55118 Mainz, Germany	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water Supply Periodical, Abbrev. Water Supply Pub Date Free Form 1999/ Volume 17 Issue 2 Start Page 87 Other Pages 90 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0735-1917 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Application of microbiological methods according to the German and other national drinking water regulations affords at least 48 hours and more to obtain a final result. To shorten this time and the cost-intensive delays, two different rapid methods for the detection of enterobacteria resp. E. coli and coliform bacteria are used in the laboratory of the municipal water works Mainz. One method is based on an immunological technique detecting Enterobacteriaceae by recognizing the enterobacterial common antigen (ECA). The other method is based on the biochemical determination of different enzymatic reactions specific for E. coli and coliform bacteria. Principal application is the control of processes which require rapid results such as sanitated or newly constructed drinking water pipelines and the verification of disinfection efficiency after fecal contaminations. Descriptors bacterial enzyme, drinking water, bacterium isolation, coliform bacterium, conference paper, disinfection, Enterobacteriaceae, enzyme activity, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, Germany, pipeline, quality control, water contamination, water quality, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Wiegand-Rosinus,M., Obst,U. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Smoking habits of primary health care physicians in Bahrain	1999	Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health Periodical, Abbrev. J.R.Soc.Promot.Health. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 119 Issue 1 Start Page 36 Other Pages 39 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 101499616; ppublish Place of Publication ENGLAND ISSN/ISBN 1466-4240; 1466-4240 Accession Number PMID: 10327813 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10327813 Abstract A survey of the smoking habits of all primary health care physicians in Bahrain was carried out to determine their smoking habits and attitudes towards smoking. Sixty-four male doctors and fifty-eight female doctors returned a voluntary self-completed questionnaire resulting in an 80.8% response rate. Male physicians were older than their female counterparts and had a higher proportion of ever-smokers (45.3%), smokers (26.6%), ex-smokers (18.8%) and daily smokers (18.8%). Cigarette smoking was the predominant type of smoking. The ratio of daily smoking prevalence (doctors/general population) among Bahraini citizens was 0.83 for males, 0.45 for females and 0.65 for both sexes combined. Of the smokers, 80% have considered quitting and 83.3% of them had made a serious attempt to quit. All the never-smokers perceived themselves as non-smokers in the coming five years compared to 83.3% of the ever-smokers. Among the perceived reasons for not smoking, primary health care physicians gave the highest importance to protecting their own health and setting a good example to children. Never-smokers gave more importance than ever-smokers to all the reasons for not smoking except for the occurrence of certain symptoms. Descriptors Adult, Age Factors, Attitude of Health Personnel, Attitude to Health, Bahrain, Ethnic Groups, Female, Health Behavior, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Physician's Role, Physicians, Family, Prevalence, Sex Factors, Smoking/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation, Surveys and Questionnaires Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hamadeh,R. R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Self-etching primer vs phosphoric acid: an alternative concept for composite-to-enamel bonding	1999	University of Kiel, Clinic of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Germany.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Operative dentistry Periodical, Abbrev. Oper.Dent. Pub Date Free Form May-Jun Volume 24 Issue 3 Start Page 172 Other Pages 180 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 7605679; 0 (Clearfil Liner Bond 2); 0 (Composite Resins); 0 (Dental Cements); 0 (Dentin-Bonding Agents); 0 (Diphosphates); 0 (Etch&Prime); 0 (Methacrylates); 0 (Monobond S); 0 (Phosphoric Acids); 0 (Polymers); 3K9958V90M (Ethanol); Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0361-7734; 0361-7734 Accession Number PMID: 10530279 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; D DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10530279 Abstract The purpose of this in vitro study was (1) to investigate the composite-to-enamel bond strength and (2) to analyze the marginal adaptation of resin composite restorations in class 2 cavities using three self-etching priming agents in comparison to conventional phosphoric acid etching and bonding application. In the first part of the study 24 extracted bovine incisors were embedded in acrylic resin and ground flat with 800-grit paper. The following three self-etching priming agents/composite resins were applied to the enamel surfaces of six teeth each: Clearfil Liner Bond 2/Clearfil AP-X (Group I), Etch & Prime 3.0/Degufill mineral (Group II), Resulcin AquaPrime + MonoBond/Ecusit (Group III). In Group IV Ecusit-Mono/Ecusit was used after enamel etching with phosphoric acid (37%). Shear bond strength values measured on a T22 K testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min were: 24.2 +/- 3.0 MPa (Group I), 21.9 +/- 1.4 MPa (II), 34.0 +/- 3.6 MPa (III), and 26.3 +/- 1.8 MPa (IV). ANOVA revealed significant (P < 0.05) differences in shear bond strength between groups, except comparison of Group I and II, and Group I and IV. In the second part of the study 24 standardized class 2 cavity preparations with the approximal box extending 1 mm above the CEJ were prepared in extracted human molars. Enamel margins were beveled and the teeth were divided into four groups of six teeth each. Cavities were restored using the self-etching priming agents Clearfil Liner Bond 2 (Group I), Etch & Prime 3.0 (Group II), and Resulcin AquaPrime + MonoBond (Group III). In Group IV composite resin restorations were placed after 37% phosphoric acid etching and bonding application (Ecusit-Mono). Quantitative SEM analysis of the marginal adaptation of the restorations after thermocycling (5-55 degrees C, 2500 cycles) and mechanical loading (100 N, 500,000 cycles) revealed excellent, gap-free margins in 91.2% (Group I), 93.0% (Group II), 92.0% (Group III), and 92.5% (Group IV) of the restorations' approximal area. There were no statistically significant differences between the four groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, results of the present in vitro study indicate that use of self-etching primers may be an alternative to conventional phosphoric acid pre-treatment in composite-to-enamel bonding restorative techniques. Descriptors Acid Etching, Dental, Animals, Cattle, Composite Resins, Dental Bonding/methods, Dental Cements, Dental Enamel, Dental Marginal Adaptation, Dental Restoration, Permanent/methods, Dentin-Bonding Agents, Diphosphates, Ethanol, Humans, Materials Testing, Methacrylates, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Phosphoric Acids, Polymers/chemistry, Tensile Strength Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hannig,M., Reinhardt,K. J., Bott,B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Quantitation of urinary metabolites of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen after smoking cessation	1999	University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis 55455, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Cancer research Periodical, Abbrev. Cancer Res. Pub Date Free Form 1-Feb Volume 59 Issue 3 Start Page 590 Other Pages 596 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: CA-44377/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 2984705R; 0 (4-((methylnitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)but-1-yl)beta-omega-glucosiduronic acid); 0 (Carcinogens); 0 (Glucuronates); 0 (Nitrosamines); 59578-66-4 (4-(methylnitrosoamino)-4-(3-pyridyl) Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0008-5472; 0008-5472 Accession Number PMID: 9973205 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 9973205 Abstract We quantified urinary levels of two metabolites of the tobacco-specific lung carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in people who had stopped smoking: 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and its O-glucuronide, 4-[(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)but-1-yl]-beta-O-D-glucosiduronic acid (NNAL-Gluc). Twenty-seven people completed the study. Thirteen used the nicotine patch starting at the quit date, whereas the others used no patch. Two 24-h urine samples were collected on 2 consecutive days before smoking cessation; blood was also obtained. Beginning at their quit date, subjects provided 24-h urine samples on days 7, 21, 42, 70, 98, and 126, and some subjects also provided samples at later times. The urine was analyzed for NNAL, NNAL-Gluc, nicotine plus nicotine-N-glucuronide, and cotinine plus cotinine-N-glucuronide. Some blood samples were also analyzed for NNAL. The decline of urinary NNAL and NNAL-Gluc after smoking cessation was much slower than expected. This was clearly demonstrated by comparison with cotinine and nicotine levels in urine. One week after smoking cessation, 34.5% of baseline NNAL plus NNAL-Gluc was detected in urine, whereas the corresponding values for cotinine and nicotine were 1.1 and 0.5%, respectively. Even 6 weeks after cessation, 7.6% of the original levels of NNAL plus NNAL-Gluc remained. In some subjects, NNAL plus NNAL-Gluc were detected 281 days after cessation. The distribution half-life for NNAL and NNAL-Gluc was 3-4 days, whereas the elimination half-life was 40-45 days. Total body clearance of NNAL was estimated to be 61.4 +/- 35.4 ml/min, and volume of distribution in the beta-phase was estimated to be 3800 +/- 2100 liters, indicating substantial distribution into the tissues. Parallel studies in rats treated chronically or acutely with NNK in the drinking water support the conclusion that NNAL has a large volume of distribution. There was no effect of the nicotine patch on levels of NNAL plus NNAL-Gluc, indicating that NNK is not formed endogenously from nicotine. The results of this study demonstrate that NNAL and NNAL-Gluc are slowly cleared from the body after smoking cessation, indicating the presence of a high-affinity compartment where NNK, NNAL, and/or NNAL-Gluc are retained or sequestered and slowly released. Descriptors Adult, Animals, Carcinogens/pharmacokinetics, Cotinine/urine, Female, Glucuronates/pharmacokinetics/urine, Humans, Lung Neoplasms/etiology/urine, Male, Middle Aged, Nicotine/urine, Nitrosamines/metabolism/pharmacokinetics/urine, Rats, Rats, Inbred F344, Smoking Cessation Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hecht,S. S., Carmella,S. G., Chen,M., Dor Koch,J. F., Miller,A. T., Murphy,S. E., Jensen,J. A., Zimmerman,C. L., Hatsukami,D. K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Cold tap water as a source of fatal nosocomial pneumonia due to Legionella pneumophila in a rehabilitation center	1999	Gemeenschappelijke Gezondheidsdienst Oostelijk Zuid-Limburg, Heerlen. choebe@knmg.nl	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde Periodical, Abbrev. Ned.Tijdschr.Geneeskd. Pub Date Free Form 15-May Volume 143 Issue 20 Start Page 1041 Other Pages 1045 Notes LR: 20081121; JID: 0400770; ppublish Place of Publication NETHERLANDS ISSN/ISBN 0028-2162; 0028-2162 Accession Number PMID: 10368731 Language dut SubFile Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10368731 Abstract OBJECTIVE: Report of the technical, microbiological and epidemiological investigation following 2 cases of fatal Legionella pneumonia. DESIGN: Descriptive. METHOD: Faced with 2 nosocomial cases in a rehabilitation centre in the South of Limburg, the Netherlands, the water supply was investigated. Water temperatures from different taps were measured. Legionella cultures were made from respiratory patients' specimens, water samples and smears from all mixing taps (used in showers), samples from hot and cold water taps from the infected ward and from the five other wards. The strains were typed by serotyping and polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The circulating cold water sometimes warmed up to 40 degrees C (within the Legionella growth range). From the sputum of the 2 male patients with rheumatoid arthritis who died of Legionella pneumonia the same Legionella pneumophila (serotype I) was cultured as from the water supply. Of the showers on the contaminated ward 19% (12/63) were positive for Legionella as were 59% (35/59) of the cold water taps. Cultures from the hot water supply were negative just like control cultures from five other wards and swabs from showerheads and hoses. The cold water tubes ran next to the hot water tubes and the central heating system in the same shaft. On the infected ward patients were absent during the weekends. As one of the subsequent measures, the cold water pipes were relocated to another shaft. CONCLUSION: The combination of an elevated cold water temperature caused by heating along a distance by nearby hot water and heating piping and the regular stasis of water during the weekends when the ward was closed, most probably stimulated the multiplication of Legionella in the water supply. In order to minimize contamination of cold water its temperature must be kept below 20 degrees C. Surveillance of intramural water systems is necessary to prevent nosocomial infections. Descriptors Cold Temperature, Cross Infection/microbiology/prevention & control, Disease Reservoirs, Fatal Outcome, Humans, Legionella pneumophila/isolation & purification, Legionnaires' Disease/complications/microbiology/prevention & control, Male, Netherlands, Pneumonia/microbiology/prevention & control, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Rehabilitation Centers, Serotyping, Water Microbiology, Water Supply/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hoebe,C. J., Cluitmans,J. J., Wagenvoort,J. H., van Leeuwen,W. J., Bilkert-Mooiman,M. A. Original/Translated Title Koud leidingwater als bron van fatale nosocomiale pneumonieen door Legionella pneumophila in een revalidatiekliniek URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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