WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
Changes in youth cigarette use and intentions following implementation of a tobacco control program: findings from the Florida Youth Tobacco Survey, 1998-2000	2000	Florida Department of Health-HSDE, 4052 Bald Cypress Way, Bin # A-12, Tallahassee, FL 32399-1720, USA. ursula_bauer@doh.state.fl.us	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Jama Periodical, Abbrev. JAMA Pub Date Free Form 9-Aug Volume 284 Issue 6 Start Page 723 Other Pages 728 Notes LR: 20140917; JID: 7501160; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0098-7484; 0098-7484 Accession Number PMID: 10927781 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; AIM; IM DOI joc00237 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10927781 Abstract CONTEXT: Many states are developing tobacco use prevention and reduction programs, and current data on tobacco use behaviors and how these change over time in response to program activities are needed for program design, implementation, and evaluation. OBJECTIVES: To assess changes in youth cigarette use and intentions following implementation of the Florida Pilot Program on Tobacco Control. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Self-administered survey conducted prior to program implementation (1998), and 1 and 2 years (1999, 2000) later among a sample of Florida public middle school and high school students who were classified as never users, experimenters, current users, and former users of cigarettes based on survey responses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in cigarette use status, intentions, and behaviors among students over a 2-year period. RESULTS: Surveys were completed by 22,540, 20,978, and 23, 745 students attending 255, 242, and 243 Florida public middle and high schools in 1998, 1999 and 2000, respectively. Response rates for the 3 survey years ranged from 80% to 82% and 72% to 82% for the middle school and high school surveys, respectively. After 2 years, current cigarette use dropped from 18.5% to 11.1% (P<.001) among middle school students and from 27.4% to 22.6% (P =.01) among high school students. Prevalence of never use increased from 56.4% to 69. 3% (P<.001) and from 31.9% to 43.1% (P =.001) among middle school and high school students, respectively. Prevalence of experimenting decreased among middle school and high school students from 21.4% to 16.2% (P<.001) and from 32.8% to 28.2% (P<.001), respectively. Among never users, the percentage of committed nonsmokers increased from 67.4% to 76.9% (P<.001) and from 73.7% to 79.3% (P<.001) among middle school and high school students, respectively. Among experimenters, the percentage of students who said they will not smoke again increased from 30.4% to 42.0% (P<.001) in middle school and from 44.4% to 51.0% (P<.001) in high school. CONCLUSIONS: Progress toward reduction of youth tobacco use was observed in each of the 2 years of Florida's Pilot Program on Tobacco Control. Our results suggest that a comprehensive statewide program can be effective in preventing and reducing youth tobacco use. JAMA. 2000;284:723-728 Descriptors Adolescent, Data Collection, Female, Florida/epidemiology, Humans, Male, Program Evaluation, Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Bauer,U. E., Johnson,T. M., Hopkins,R. S., Brooks,R. G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Measurement-specific quality-of-life satisfaction during the menopause in an Arabian Gulf country	2000	Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society Periodical, Abbrev. Climacteric Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 3 Issue 1 Start Page 43 Other Pages 49 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9810959; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1369-7137; 1369-7137 Accession Number PMID: 11910609 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 11910609 Abstract OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to use an instrument, the menopause-specific quality-of-life satisfaction questionnaire for the postmenopausal period, in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). DESIGN: A cross-sectional descriptive study was used to generate menopause symptoms experienced by Arabian Gulf women. Measurement-specific quality-of-life satisfaction questionnaires were used and face-to-face interviews were performed. SETTING: The study was based in primary health-care clinics in Al Ain City, Sharjah and Dubai Emirates, UAE. SUBJECTS: A multistage sampling design was used, and a representative sample of 450 UAE females aged 45 years and above were included during January-April 1999. RESULTS: Of the 450 women living in both urban and rural areas, 390 women agreed to participate (86.7%) and responded to the study. The mean age and standard deviation (SD) of the subjects was 56.5 +/- 6.6 years, and the median age of natural menopause in the present study was 48 years (mean +/- SD 48.4 +/- 3.8). The rate of consanguinous marriages in the sample was found to be 47.2%. The most common disease was found to be diabetes mellitus (10.3%), followed by osteoarthritis (7.7%), hypertension (7.2%) and asthma (6.2%), but the majority of subjects (68.7%) had no specific disease. Out of 29 possible symptoms, the mean number of symptoms was 7.57 (range 0-24). The most frequent symptom was 'aches in the back of the neck or head' at 46.4% followed by 'aches in the muscles/joints' at 34.6%. The least reported symptom was 'facial hair' at 15.9%. Increasing education resulted in more symptoms reported, and increasing parity resulted in fewer symptoms reported. In the present study, it was found that employed women experienced more symptoms and disorders. Of the total sample, 28.5% of the subjects reported no symptoms. In the four domains, 69% reported physical symptoms, 58.7% reported psychosocial symptoms, 40% reported vasomotor symptoms and 37.9% reported sexual symptoms. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient indicated that there is highly statistically significant concordance between the four domains (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The present study showed that menopause-related symptoms in UAE women are fewer and of less severity than in Western women. The postmenopausal women, despite a continued decline in estrogen levels, reported few symptoms as part of a normal life stage, suggesting that they were able to cope with stress. Descriptors Asthma/epidemiology, Consanguinity, Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology, Educational Status, Female, Headache/epidemiology, Hot Flashes, Humans, Hypertension/epidemiology, Joints, Libido, Menopause, Middle Aged, Neck, Osteoarthritis/epidemiology, Pain/epidemiology, Parity, Quality of Life, Rural Population, Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/epidemiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sweating, United Arab Emirates/epidemiology, Urban Population Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Bener,A., Rizk,D. E., Shaheen,H., Micallef,R., Osman,N., Dunn,E. V. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A 10-year prospective study of tobacco smoking and periodontal health	2000	Department of Periodontology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of periodontology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Periodontol. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 71 Issue 8 Start Page 1338 Other Pages 1347 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 8000345; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0022-3492; 0022-3492 Accession Number PMID: 10972650 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; D; IM DOI 10.1902/jop.2000.71.8.1338 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10972650 Abstract BACKGROUND: To date only a few studies have evaluated the long-term influence of smoking and smoking cessation on periodontal health. The present study, therefore, was undertaken with the aim to prospectively investigate the influence of smoking exposure over time on the periodontal health condition in a targeted population before and after a follow-up interval of 10 years. METHODS: The primary study base consisted of a population of occupational musicians that was investigated the first time in 1982 and scheduled for reinvestigation in 1992 and 2002. The 1992 investigation included 101 individuals from the baseline study constituting a prospective cohort including 16 smokers, who had continued to smoke throughout the entire length of the 10-year period; 28 former smokers who had ceased smoking an average of approximately 9 years before the commencement of the baseline study; 40 non-smokers, who denied ever having smoked tobacco; and 17 individuals whose smoking pattern changed or for whom incomplete data were available. The clinical and radiographic variables used for the assessment of the periodontal health condition of the individual were frequency of periodontally diseased sites (probing depth > or =4 mm), gingival bleeding (%), and periodontal bone height (%). The oral hygiene standard was evaluated by means of a standard plaque index. RESULTS: The changes over the 10 years with respect to frequency of diseased sites indicated an increased frequency in continuous smokers versus decreased frequencies in former smokers and non-smokers. Controlling for age and frequency of diseased sites at baseline, the 10-year change was significantly associated with smoking (P <0.001). The differences between current smokers and non-smokers, and between current and former smokers, respectively, were statistically significant (P<0.001). Moreover, the 10-year change increased significantly with increasing smoking exposure controlling for age (P= 0.01). In terms of periodontal bone height, the 10-year changes implied statistically significant reductions within current as well as former smokers (P <0.001 and P <0.05, respectively), but not within non-smokers. The overall change was significantly associated with smoking controlling for age and bone height level at baseline (P<0.01), including statistically significant differences between current smokers and non-smokers and between current and former smokers, respectively (P<0.05). Moreover, the 10-year bone height reduction increased significantly with increasing smoking exposure controlling for age (P <0.05). With regard to gingival bleeding, the 10-year differences between smoking groups were not statistically significant. Plaque index remained low throughout in all smoking groups at an overall average level of about 0.8. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that periodontal health is compromised by chronic smoking as evidenced by an increase of periodontally diseased sites concomitant with loss of periodontal bone height, as compared to non-smokers whose periodontal health condition remained unaltered throughout the 10-year period of investigation. The periodontal health condition in former smokers, similar to that of non-smokers, remained stable, suggesting that smoking cessation is beneficial to periodontal health. Descriptors Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Alveolar Bone Loss/epidemiology, Analysis of Variance, Cohort Studies, Dental Plaque Index, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Gingival Hemorrhage/epidemiology, Humans, Linear Models, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Music, Observer Variation, Oral Hygiene, Periodontal Diseases/epidemiology, Periodontal Pocket/epidemiology, Population Surveillance, Prospective Studies, Regression Analysis, Smoking/epidemiology, Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data, Sweden/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Bergstrom,J., Eliasson,S., Dock,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effect of altering the type of enamel conditioner on the shear bond strength of a resin-reinforced glass ionomer adhesive	2000	College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1001, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics : Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Orthod.Dentofacial Orthop. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 118 Issue 3 Start Page 288 Other Pages 294 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 8610224; 0 (Acrylic Resins); 0 (Aluminum Silicates); 0 (Dentin-Bonding Agents); 0 (Fuji Ortho LC); 0 (Glass Ionomer Cements); 0 (Phosphoric Acids); 0 (Resin Cements); 135669-49-7 (Transbond); 454I75YXY0 (Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylat Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0889-5406; 0889-5406 Accession Number PMID: 10982929 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; D; IM DOI S0889-5406(00)66280-7 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10982929 Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of changing the type of enamel conditioner on the shear bond strength of a resin-reinforced glass ionomer within half an hour after bonding the bracket to the tooth. Freshly extracted human molars were collected and stored in a solution of 0.1% (weight/volume) thymol. The teeth were cleaned and polished. The teeth were randomly separated into 4 groups according to the enamel conditioner/etchant and adhesive used: group I, teeth were conditioned with 10% polyacrylic acid and brackets were bonded with a resin-reinforced glass ionomer adhesive; group II, teeth were conditioned with 20% polyacrylic acid and brackets were bonded with a resin-reinforced glass ionomer adhesive; group III, teeth were etched with 37% phosphoric acid and the brackets were bonded with a resin-reinforced glass ionomer adhesive; group IV, teeth were etched with 37% phosphoric acid and the brackets were bonded with a composite adhesive. The results of the analysis of variance comparing the 4 experimental groups (F = 24.87) indicated the presence of significant differences between the groups (P =.0001). In general, the shear bond strengths were significantly greater in the 2 groups etched with 37% phosphoric acid. This was true for both the resin-reinforced glass ionomer (X = 6.1 +/- 2.7 MPa) and the composite (X = 5.2 +/- 2.9 MPa) adhesives. On the other hand, the shear bond strengths were significantly lower in the two groups conditioned with polyacrylic acid. The bond strength of the resin-reinforced glass ionomer adhesive conditioned with 10% polyacrylic acid (X = 0.4 +/- 1.0 MPa) was significantly lower than the group conditioned with 20% polyacrylic acid (&xmacr; = 3.3 +/- 2.6 MPa). The present findings indicated that the bond strength of the resin-reinforced glass ionomer adhesive can be significantly increased in the initial half hour after bonding if the enamel is etched with 37% phosphoric acid instead of being conditioned with either 10% or 20% polyacrylic acid. The clinician needs to take these properties into consideration when ligating the initial archwires. Descriptors Acid Etching, Dental/methods, Acrylic Resins, Aluminum Silicates, Analysis of Variance, Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate, Chi-Square Distribution, Dental Bonding, Dental Enamel/drug effects, Dental Stress Analysis, Dentin-Bonding Agents, Glass Ionomer Cements, Humans, Orthodontic Brackets, Phosphoric Acids, Random Allocation, Resin Cements, Statistics, Nonparametric, Tensile Strength Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Bishara,S. E., Vonwald,L., Laffoon,J. F., Jakobsen,J. R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediment using solid-phase microextraction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry	2000	Environmental Research Center Montecatini, Marina di Ravenna, Italy.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatographic science Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.Sci. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 38 Issue 2 Start Page 55 Other Pages 60 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 0173225; 0 (Indicators and Reagents); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Solutions); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0021-9665; 0021-9665 Accession Number PMID: 10677833 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10677833 Abstract Manual solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is applied for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from natural matrix through a distilled water medium. Seven of the 16 PAH standards (naphthalene, acenaphthene, fluorene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene) are spiked on a marine muddy sediment. The samples, containing PAHs in the range of 10-20 ppm, are then aged at room temperature more than 10 days before analysis. The influence of the matrix, SPME adsorption time, pH, salt content, and SPME adsorption temperature are investigated. The reproducibility of the technique is less than 13% (RDS) for the first 6 considered PAHs and 28% (RDS) for benzo(a)anthracene with a fiber containing a 100-micron poly dimethylsiloxane coating. Linearity extended in the range of 5-50 picograms for PAHs direct injection, 5-70 picograms for PAHs in water, and 1-170 picograms for PAHs in sediment. The detection limit is estimated less than 1 microgram/kg of dry sample for the first 6 considered PAHs in sediment and 1.5 micrograms/kg of dry sample for benzo(a)anthracene using the selected ion monitoring mode in GC-MS. The recoveries of the considered PAHs are evaluated. Descriptors Adsorption, Calibration, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Indicators and Reagents, Italy, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis, Solutions, Temperature, Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Cam,D., Gagni,S., Meldolesi,L., Galletti,G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Environmental tobacco smoke exposure among non-smoking waiters: measurement of expired carbon monoxide levels	2000	UNIAD - Alcohol and drugs research unit, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina Periodical, Abbrev. Sao Paulo Med.J. Pub Date Free Form 6-Jul Volume 118 Issue 4 Start Page 89 Other Pages 92 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 100897261; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); CIN: Sao Paulo Med J. 2000 Jul 6;118(4):81-2. PMID: 10887381; ppublish Place of Publication BRAZIL ISSN/ISBN 1516-3180; 1516-3180 Accession Number PMID: 10887383 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI S1516-31802000000400003 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10887383 Abstract CONTEXT: Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke is a health risk that is of concern to patrons and of particular concern to employees of restaurants and bars. OBJECTIVE: To assess environmental tobacco smoke exposure (using expired carbon monoxide levels) in non-smoking waiters before and after a normal day's shift and to compare pre-exposure levels with non-smoking medical students. DESIGN: An observational study. SETTING: Restaurants with more than 50 tables or 100 places in Sao Paulo. SUBJECTS: 100 non-smoking restaurant waiters and 100 non-smoking medical students in Sao Paulo, Brazil. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Levels of expired carbon monoxide, measured with a Smokerlyser (Bedfont EC 50 Scientific), before and after a normal day's work. RESULTS: Waiters' pre-exposure expired carbon monoxide levels were similar to those of medical students, but after a mean of 9 hours exposure in the workplace, median levels more than doubled (2.0 ppm vs. 5.0 ppm, P <0.001). Post-exposure carbon monoxide levels were correlated with the number of tables available for smokers (Kendall's tau = 0.2, P <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke is the most likely explanation for the increase in carbon monoxide levels among these non-smoking waiters. These findings can be used to inform the ongoing public health debate on passive smoking. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Breath Tests, Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Occupational Exposure/analysis, Restaurants, Statistics, Nonparametric, Students, Medical, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis, Workplace Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Laranjeira,R., Pillon,S., Dunn,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Environmental lead exposure in a population of children in northern France: Factors affecting lead burden	2000	Leroyer, A., Ctr. de Rech/Sante Travail Ergonomie, 59037 Lille Cedex, France	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Industrial Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Ind.Med. Pub Date Free Form 2000/ Volume 38 Issue 3 Start Page 281 Other Pages 289 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0271-3586 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Background: This study is part of the assessment of a site in northern France polluted by lead from industrial emissions. Our objectives were to look for the factors that influence lead burden in children aged 8-11 years. Methods: A cross-sectional population-based study took place in 1996-97 and included 400 children (200 of whom lived on the metal-polluted site). Results: The geometric mean of the blood-lead levels of children living on the polluted site was 39.5 Î¼g/l (95% CI = 36.3-43.1); that of the non-exposed children was 30.6 Î¼g/l (95% CI=27.8-33.6) (P<0.0001). Analysis of the variations in the mean blood-lead levels showed associations with: Distance from the smelting plants (mean blood-lead level fell by a factor of 1/1.3 (95% CI = 1/1.2-1/1.4) for each km from the smelter over the range of 1-3 km and was constant thereafter) and consumption of tap water (when the water pipes were made of lead, the mean blood-lead level of children who drank tap water was twice as high (95% CI=1.2-3.4) as that of children who did not). Conclusions: The children's blood-lead levels were essentially linked to two factors: Proximity to the smelters and drinking tap rather than bottled water. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Descriptors lead, tap water, body burden, child, conference paper, controlled study, environmental exposure, female, fluid intake, France, human, lead blood level, lead poisoning, major clinical study, male, population risk, residential home, risk factor, smelter, soil pollution, water contamination Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Leroyer,A., Nisse,C., Hemon,D., Gruchociak,A., Salomez,J. -L, Haguenoer,J. -M Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Testing a process-based model of tree seedling growth by manipulating [CO2] and nutrient uptake	2000	Levy, P.E., Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, United Kingdom	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tree physiology Periodical, Abbrev. Tree Physiol. Pub Date Free Form 2000/ Volume 20 Issue 15 Start Page 993 Other Pages 1005 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0829-318X Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract A model was developed that simulated photosynthesis, growth and allocation in tree seedlings. The model was parameterized with data from experiments on seedlings of sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L.), Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong) Carr.) and young birch trees (Betula pendula Roth.). In these experiments, CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and nutrient addition rate were varied. Parameters quantifying nutrient uptake, translocation and starch synthesis were fitted, based on data from control treatments. Elevated [CO2] and low-nutrient treatments were then used to test the predicted response of growth and allocation against observations. The model accurately predicted total seedling growth in the elevated [CO2] treatments. A response of growth to elevated [CO2] was seen in the birch and sycamore experiments, but not in the Sitka spruce, because of photosynthetic down-regulation. Predictions of allocation were reasonably accurate in the birch and Sitka spruce experiments, but were notably poorer in the sycamore experiments, possibly because of differences in sink strength between root and shoot. In the birch and sycamore experiments, little change in allocation with elevated [CO2] was observed or predicted. This was ascribed to the relative values of K(Tc) and K(Tn), the translocation coefficients that determine the sensitivity of allocation to carbon and nitrogen uptake rates, respectively. Growth and allocation in the low-nutrient treatments were poorly predicted by the model. In Sitka spruce, it was suspected that the photosynthetic parameters measured in August 1994 had been higher earlier in the season, before nutrients became depleted. In sycamore, the discrepancies were thought to relate to differences in sink strength between root and shoot that could not be described by the model. Descriptors carbon dioxide, article, biological model, down regulation, growth, development and aging, photosynthesis, physiology, plant leaf, plant root, plant stem, tree Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Levy,P. E., Lucas,M. E., McKay,H. M., Escobar-Gutierrez,A. J., Rey,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effects of pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation on shear bond strength of composite resin bonded to porcelain	2000	Department of Stomatology, 3rd Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-San Medical University.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology Periodical, Abbrev. Hua.Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 18 Issue 6 Start Page 377 Other Pages 379 Notes LR: 20100429; JID: 9422648; 0 (Composite Resins); 12001-21-7 (Dental Porcelain); ppublish Place of Publication China ISSN/ISBN 1000-1182; 1000-1182 Accession Number PMID: 12539463 Language chi SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12539463 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the shear bond strength of composite resin bonded to pretreated porcelain surfaces by use of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation and by use of 8% hydrofluoric etching. METHODS: Surfaces of porcelain were roughened with coarse diamonds until the opaque body porcelains were exposed. The samples were divided into four groups. Samples of the first group were etched with 8% hydrofluoric acid for 3 min by following the manufacter's instructions. Samples of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups were separately irradiated by a pulsed Nd:YAG laser of three energy parameters of 15 Hz, 40 mJ; 0.6 W; 15 Hz, 60 mJ, 0.9 W and 15 Hz, 80 mJ, 1.2 W different respectively, each specimen was irradiated for 1 min. Then, silane coupling agent was equally placed on the treated surfaces for 3 min, the activator was used on each surface. The adhesive was applied and light-cured. The composite resin material was finally bonded to the treated porcelain surface, forming a 3 mm x 3 mm x 2 mm resin mass. Samples were then tested for shear bond strength between the treated porcelain and composite resin by using a SWD-10 electric universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until fracture. At the end of testing, the data was evaluated by using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) comparing the shear bond strength. On the other hand, characteristic morphology of laser irradiated surfaces of porcelain was prepared and observed by a scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: The shear bond strength of laser groups of 0.6 W, 0.9 W, 1.2 W and etching group was respectively 8.61, 14.07, 11.22 and 13.47 MPa. There was no significantly difference among groups of laser 0.9 W, 1.2 W and the etching group. This suggested that irradiated on surfaces of porcelain by Nd:YAG laser at the above laser energy could attain the same effectiveness as hydrofluoric acid etching. But the shear bond strength of laser 0.6 W group was significantly lower than the etching group. It suggested that shear bond strength would obviously decrease when laser energy was 0.6 W or lower than this parameter, and had no use in treatment on porcelain surfaces comparing to acid etching. SEM showed that porcelain surfaces irradiated by Nd:YAG laser exhibited rough, umbilicate, lava crater-like structure. This structure helped to produce mechanical retention between resin composite and porcelain. CONCLUSION: The pulsed Nd:YAG laser could replace etching method to pretreat the fracture porcelain surfaces for bonding with composite resin at appropriate energy parameters. Descriptors Composite Resins, Dental Bonding/methods, Dental Porcelain, Lasers, Materials Testing, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Shear Strength Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Li,R., Ren,Y., Han,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effect of cigarette smoking on periodontal status of healthy young adults	2000	Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Spain.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of periodontology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Periodontol. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 71 Issue 1 Start Page 73 Other Pages 78 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 8000345; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0022-3492; 0022-3492 Accession Number PMID: 10695941 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; D; IM DOI 10.1902/jop.2000.71.1.73 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10695941 Abstract BACKGROUND: It has been shown that tobacco is a significant risk factor for periodontal disease; however, there have been few studies on young populations where problems of general health can be discounted. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of tobacco consumption on the periodontal condition of a young, healthy population. METHODS: The study population consisted of 304 young Caucasian males (average age 19.38 +/- 0.72 years) entering the Armed Forces. All the subjects completed a self-administered questionnaire on age, oral hygiene habits, previous dental examinations, and quantity and length of tobacco use. The periodontal examination consisted of the plaque index (PI); periodontal bleeding index (PBI); probing depth (PD); and clinical attachment level (CAL). One- and 2-way ANOVA was used to compare data recorded between smokers and non-smokers. RESULTS: Forty-six percent of subjects reported that they brushed their teeth at least once a day, but only 13% visited a dentist at least once a year. Over half (53%) were habitual smokers, 43% smoking between 5 and 20 cigarettes per day; 39% of the smokers had been smoking for less than 5 years. Mean PI was 31.24 +/- 14.88 (27.19 +/- 15.93 for smokers and 35.78 +/- 12.17 for non-smokers), with significant differences between non-smokers and those who smoked 5 to 20 cigarettes per day (26.85 +/- 16.11, P<0.0001). Mean PBI was 42.29 +/- 8.43 (non-smokers 44.67 +/- 6.53 and smokers 40.17 +/- 9.46). Significant differences were found between the PBI of the non-smokers and of those who smoked 5 to 20 cigarettes per day (39.90 +/- 9.64, P <0.0001). There were also differences in the PBI between those who brushed their teeth once (40.53 +/- 9.61) and twice (44.86 +/- 5.9) a day (P<0.0001). Mean PD was 1.62 +/- 0.43 mm (non-smokers 1.56 +/- 0.36 and smokers 1.68 +/- 0.49). Deeper probing depths were recorded among smokers than among non-smokers, with statistically significant differences (P<0.049); statistically significant differences were also found between those who attended (1.49 +/- 0.50) and those who did not attend (1.65 +/- 0.42) regular dental check-ups (P<0.031). Mean CAL 1.75 +/- 0.41 (non-smokers 1.64 +/- 0.32 and smokers 1.82 +/- 0.44). CONCLUSIONS: It may be concluded that, even at such an early age, tobacco consumption affects the periodontal health. It is necessary to inform young smokers of the risk of tobacco use regarding periodontal health. Descriptors Adult, Age Factors, Analysis of Variance, Attitude to Health, Dental Care, Dental Plaque Index, Gingival Hemorrhage/classification, Health Behavior, Humans, Male, Military Personnel, Oral Hygiene, Periodontal Attachment Loss/classification, Periodontal Diseases/etiology, Periodontal Pocket/classification, Periodontium/physiopathology, Risk Factors, Smoking/adverse effects/physiopathology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Time Factors, Toothbrushing Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Machuca,G., Rosales,I., Lacalle,J. R., Machuca,C., Bullon,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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