WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
Health effects of passive smoking-10: Summary of effects of parental smoking on the respiratory health of children and implications for research	1999	Department of Public Health Sciences, St George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Thorax Periodical, Abbrev. Thorax Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 54 Issue 4 Start Page 357 Other Pages 366 Notes LR: 20140617; JID: 0417353; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); RF: 62; OID: NLM: PMC1745458; ppublish Place of Publication ENGLAND ISSN/ISBN 0040-6376; 0040-6376 Accession Number PMID: 10092699 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10092699 Abstract BACKGROUND: Two recent reviews have assessed the effect of parental smoking on respiratory disease in children. METHODS: The results of the systematic quantitative review published as a series in Thorax are summarised and brought up to date by considering papers appearing on Embase or Medline up to June 1998. The findings are compared with those of the review published recently by the Californian Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Areas requiring further research are identified. RESULTS: Overall there is a very consistent picture with odds ratios for respiratory illnesses and symptoms and middle ear disease of between 1.2 and 1.6 for either parent smoking, the odds usually being higher in pre-school than in school aged children. For sudden infant death syndrome the odds ratio for maternal smoking is about 2. Significant effects from paternal smoking suggest a role for postnatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. Recent publications do not lead us to alter the conclusions of our earlier reviews. While essentially narrative rather than systematic and quantitative, the findings of the Californian EPA review are broadly similar. In addition they have reviewed studies of the effects of environmental tobacco smoke on children with cystic fibrosis and conclude from the limited evidence that there is a strong case for a relationship between parental smoking and admissions to hospital. They also review data from adults of the effects of acute exposure to environmental tobacco smoke under laboratory conditions which suggest acute effects on spirometric parameters rather than on bronchial hyperresponsiveness. It seems likely that such effects are also present in children. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial benefits to children would arise if parents stopped smoking after birth, even if the mother smoked during pregnancy. Policies need to be developed which reduce smoking amongst parents and protect infants and young children from exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. The weight of evidence is such that new prevalence studies are no longer justified. What are needed are studies which allow comparison of the effects of critical periods of exposure to cigarette smoke, particularly in utero, early infancy, and later childhood. Where longitudinal studies are carried out they should be analysed to look at the way in which changes in exposure are related to changes in outcome. Better still would be studies demonstrating reversibility of adverse effects, especially in asthmatic subjects or children with cystic fibrosis. Descriptors Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Databases, Factual, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Odds Ratio, Otitis Media/etiology, Parents, Pregnancy, Respiratory Tract Diseases/etiology, Sudden Infant Death/etiology, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Cook,D. G., Strachan,D. P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC1745458 Editors
A first step incorporating smoking education into a Brazilian medical school curriculum: results of a survey to assess the cigarette smoking knowledge, attitudes, behaviour, and clinical practices of medical students	1999	Oncology Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. adaudt@pro.via-rs.com.br	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of addictive diseases Periodical, Abbrev. J.Addict.Dis. Pub Date Free Form Volume 18 Issue 1 Start Page 19 Other Pages 29 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9107051; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 1055-0887; 1055-0887 Accession Number PMID: 10234560 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1300/J069v18n01_03 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10234560 Abstract Smoking-related illnesses are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Brazil. Despite a smoking prevalence of approximately 40%, there is limited national effort to reduce tobacco use in Brazil by means of public education and training of health care professionals to promote smoking education. In particular, the need for information about tobacco warrants increased emphasis in undergraduate medical education. An educational program on nicotine addiction during medical school could facilitate the incorporation of smoking cessation interventions into routine medical practice. As a preliminary step toward implementing a tobacco education and intervention program, this study was designed to assess knowledge and attitudes about smoking among Brazilian medical students. Five hundred thirteen (N = 513) medical students from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state of Brazil, completed a self-reported questionnaire during the 1995-1996 academic school year. Most students recognize the adverse health effects of smoking and the importance of their professional role in promoting smoking cessation. In contradiction, however, few medical students currently provide their patients who smoke with even minimal intervention. This discrepancy supports the idea that training in nicotine addiction and smoking cessation techniques will help medical students to develop the skills and confidence needed to successfully intervene with their current and future patients. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Attitude to Health, Brazil, Cognition, Curriculum, Education, Medical, Female, Health Behavior, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Health Promotion, Humans, Male, Retrospective Studies, Smoking/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Use Disorder/diagnosis/prevention & control Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Daudt,A. W., Alberg,A. J., Prola,J. C., Fialho,L., Petracco,A., Wilhelms,A., Weiss,A., Estery,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The diagnosis and management of Barrett's esophagus	1999	University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Advances in Surgery Periodical, Abbrev. Adv.Surg. Pub Date Free Form Volume 33 Issue Start Page 29 Other Pages 68 Notes LR: 20091111; JID: 0045335; RF: 93; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0065-3411; 0065-3411 Accession Number PMID: 10572561 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10572561 Abstract Since its description in the 1950s, the definition of Barrett's esophagus has evolved from the macroscopic visualization of gastric-appearing mucosa in the esophagus to the histologic identification of goblet cells confirming the presence of intestinal metaplasia within the esophagus. The length of intestinal metaplasia necessary to be classified as Barrett's, and the relationship between intestinal metaplasia of the esophagus and that limited to the cardia are all areas currently being evaluated. However, any segment of intestinal metaplasia is capable of undergoing dysplastic change and ultimately of becoming a focus of adenocarcinoma. It is logical to expect the degree of risk for developing cancer to be proportional to the amount of intestinal metaplasia present; however, within a population, the low risk to any individual is balanced by the relative frequency of the process. Thus, given the large numbers of people in America with CIM, even a small risk of progression to cancer will result in a large number of patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia. This is exactly what is occurring today, with the incidence of adenocarcinoma of the cardia and esophagus currently rising faster than any other cancer in the United States. A major risk factor for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus is intestinal metaplasia, which occurs as a consequence of GERD. Patients with Barrett's esophagus usually have more severe reflux disease with significant impairment of LES function and esophageal body motility compared with patients without Barrett's. Furthermore, in patients with Barrett's, the composition of the refluxed juice is different. Patients who reflux both gastric and duodenal juice have a higher prevalence of Barrett's than do those who reflux gastric juice alone. Among patients with Barrett's, a significantly greater esophageal bilirubin exposure has been demonstrated in those with dysplasia. The mechanically defective sphincter and impaired esophageal body function in many patients with Barrett's makes their disease difficult to control medically. In addition, symptoms are unreliable as a guide to successful control of reflux. The hardest symptom to control is regurgitation, and there is concern that this and continued reflux of pharmacologically altered gastric contents, particularly bile acids in their nonpolar form, may contribute to progression of Barrett's. Both medical therapy and failed antireflux surgery are associated with progression of Barrett's to dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. On the other hand, a functioning fundoplication seems to be associated with protection from progression of Barrett's. Intestinal metaplasia of the esophagus is unlikely to regress after antireflux surgery; however, intestinal metaplasia limited to the cardia is perhaps more dynamic and able to regress. Furthermore, low-grade dysplasia frequently regresses after an antireflux procedure. Antireflux surgery is safe, effective, and durable, and often can be performed using minimally invasive techniques. Thus, antireflux surgery should be strongly considered in any patient with intestinal metaplasia of the esophagus or cardia. The possibility of mucosal ablation after an antireflux repair should be considered in patients with low-grade dysplasia. Patients with Barrett's and high-grade dysplasia are at high risk for having a focus of adenocarcinoma present. Even with multiple biopsies, a degree of sampling error exists. Also, adenocarcinoma can develop within the space of several months; and if the cancer is allowed to invade into the submucosa, 50% of these patients will have lymphatic metastases, thereby negating the purpose of surveillance. Although patients with high-grade dysplasia and intramucosal adenocarcinoma on biopsy who do not have an endoscopically visible lesion are unlikely to have lymphatic metastases, 7% do have submucosal invasion. Thus, even in these very early tumors, treatment directed Descriptors Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis/pathology/surgery, Barrett Esophagus/diagnosis/pathology/surgery, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology, Esophageal Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology/surgery, Esophagus/pathology/surgery, Humans, Precancerous Conditions/diagnosis/pathology/surgery, Prognosis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors DeMeester,S. R., DeMeester,T. R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Life cycle assessment: Comparing strategic options for the mains infrastructure - Part I	1999	Dennison, F.J., Thames Water Utilities Ltd., Spencer House, Reading, Berkshire RG2 0JN, United Kingdom	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water Science and Technology Periodical, Abbrev. Water Sci.Technol. Pub Date Free Form 1999/ Volume 39 Issue 11-Oct Start Page 315 Other Pages 319 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0273-1223 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract This paper presents the preliminary results of a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study which aims to compare two different potable water pipe materials: ductile iron (DI) and medium density polyethylene (MDPE). Stages where environmental impacts may be reduced in the life cycle of these pipes have been highlighted. A takeback scheme between water companies and pipe suppliers has been identified as an environmental improvement to the current disposal stage of the pipe life cycle. Potential exists for dual-use or reuse of abandoned mains. Descriptors drinking water, iron, polyethylene, conference paper, pipeline, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Dennison,F. J., Azapagic,A., Clift,R., Colbourne,J. S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Squamous cell carcinoma and keratoacanthoma of the lower lip associated with 'Goza' and 'Shisha' smoking	1999	El-Hakim, I.E., Dept. of Oral/Maxillofacial Surgery, Hadayek Helwan 11433, Cairo, Egypt	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of dermatology Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Dermatol. Pub Date Free Form 1999/ Volume 38 Issue 2 Start Page 108 Other Pages 110 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0011-9059 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Background: A positive correlation between lip and buccal cancers and pipe smoking has been suggested. Various types of crude and manufactured tobacco products are consumed by smoking, chewing, and snuff dipping habits. 'Shisha' and 'Goza' smoking are widely practiced in the Middle East. The 'hubble-bubble' method and apparatus are used. These smoking habits are hazardous to health, causing obstructive lung disease, and may be important predisposing factors for the development of oral cancers. Case reports: Two cases of squamous cell carcinoma and a case of keratoacanthoma localized to the lower lip are presented in well-known 'Shisha' and 'Goza' smokers. Conclusions: 'Shisha' and 'Goza' smoking have adverse effects on general health and may predispose to oral cancer. An extensive epidemiological study should be performed to determine whether this type of smoking habit is associated with a statistically increased incidence of squamous cell carcinoma and keratoacanthoma of the lips. Descriptors adult, article, case report, excision, human, keratoacanthoma, lip carcinoma, lower lip, male, Middle East, mouth cancer, smoking, squamous cell carcinoma, tobacco Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors El-Hakim,I. E., Uthman,M. A. E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Reflux disease and Barrett's esophagus	1999	Center for Swallowing and Esophageal Disorders, Dept. of Gastroenterology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA. FalkG@cesmtp.ccf.org	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Endoscopy Periodical, Abbrev. Endoscopy Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 31 Issue 1 Start Page 9 Other Pages 16 Notes LR: 20051116; JID: 0215166; RF: 45; ppublish Place of Publication GERMANY ISSN/ISBN 0013-726X; 0013-726X Accession Number PMID: 10082405 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review; IM DOI 10.1055/s-1999-13643 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10082405 Abstract Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common clinical problem. New information suggests that infection with Helicobacter pylori may protect patients from developing GERD and its complications. Endoscopy may be used by clinicians to tailor GERD therapy, but an empirical trial of a proton-pump inhibitor may be an alternative diagnostic approach. Studies continue to show that laparoscopic antireflux surgery is a cost-effective treatment option for patients requiring maintenance therapy with proton-pump inhibitors. However, the minimally invasive nature of the operation should not alter the indications for antireflux surgery, especially for patients with atypical symptoms. It remains unclear why some patients with GERD develop Barrett's esophagus, whereas others do not. Recent guidelines suggest that patients with long-standing GERD symptoms, especially white men over 50 years of age, should undergo endoscopy at least once to screen for Barrett's esophagus. Debate concerning short-segment Barrett's esophagus continues. Intestinal metaplasia at a normal-appearing gastroesophageal junction may be associated with intestinal metaplasia of the stomach and infection with H. pylori, whereas short tongues of intestinal metaplasia in the esophagus are associated with GERD. Cancer surveillance is indicated in short-segment Barrett's esophagus, as dysplasia may develop in these patients. Barrett's esophagus is the only known risk factor for the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma, but the incidence of adenocarcinoma may be lower than previously reported. New clinical guidelines for endoscopic surveillance suggest that the surveillance interval should be lengthened to every two years in patients without dysplasia. Newer treatment options, such as thermal ablation and photodynamic therapy, continue to show promise, but are not yet ready for routine clinical use. Descriptors Barrett Esophagus/diagnosis/etiology/therapy, Follow-Up Studies, Gastroesophageal Reflux/complications/diagnosis/therapy, Humans Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Falk,G. W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Bone mineral density of the spine and femur in healthy Saudi females: relation to vitamin D status, pregnancy, and lactation	1999	Department of Medicine (MBC-46), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Calcified tissue international Periodical, Abbrev. Calcif.Tissue Int. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 65 Issue 1 Start Page 23 Other Pages 28 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 7905481; 0 (Parathyroid Hormone); 1406-16-2 (Vitamin D); SY7Q814VUP (Calcium); OID: PIP: 144813; OID: POP: 00289772; OTO: PIP; GN: PIP: TJ: CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL.; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0171-967X; 0171-967X Accession Number PMID: 10369729 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM; J DOI CT152-98 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10369729 Abstract Bone mineral density (BMD) measurements of the anterio-posterior lumbar spine and the proximal femur using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, as well as relevant clinical and biochemical parameters, were determined in 321 healthy Saudi females in order to establish reference values and to study the effects of physical and lifestyle factors on BMD. Mean +/- SD of age, body mass index (BMI), number of pregnancies, and total duration of lactation were 35.4 +/- 11.3 years, 26.5 +/- 5.2 kg/m2, 3.1 +/- 3.1, and 23.7 +/- 42.4 months, respectively. Mean +/- SD of serum calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), and PTH levels were 2.37 +/- 0.09 mmol/liter, 24.5 +/- 17.2 nmol/liter, and 52.0 +/- 30.8 pg/ml, respectively. Peak BMD values were observed around age 35 years at the spine and earlier at the femur. Compared with USA females, Saudi females had lower weight-matched Z scores at the spine (-0.126 +/- 1. 078, P = 0.04), femoral neck (-0.234 +/- 0.846, P /=31 years old were 18-41% and 0-7%, respectively, depending on the site examined. Severe hypovitaminosis D (25OHD level </=20 nmol/liter) was present in 52% of the subjects. However, there was no correlation between 25OHD level and BMD at any site. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels correlated significantly with 25OHD levels (r = -0.28, P < 0.0001) and with weight-matched BMD Z scores at the spine (r = -0.17, P = 0.005), femoral neck (r = -0.16, P = 0.007), and Ward's triangle (r = -0.2, P = 0.0008), suggesting that the distribution of 25OHD levels in the cohort is below the threshold needed for maintaining normal BMD. On the other hand, number of pregnancies and total duration of lactation correlated with weight-matched BMD Z scores at the spine (r = -0.17, P = 0.003; r = -0.1, P = 0.08, respectively). We conclude that BMD in healthy Saudi females is significantly lower than in their USA counterparts. This may be due in part to increased number of pregnancies and longer duration of lactation together with prevalent vitamin D deficiency. http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/journals/00223/bibs /65n1p23. html; PIP: This paper examines the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine and femur and vitamin D status, pregnancy, and lactation among women in Saudi Arabia. The aims of the study are the following: 1) establish normative data for BMD at the anterio-posterior lumbar spine and femur using dual x-ray absorptiometry; 2) compare the BMD of Saudi females and their US counterparts; and 3) examine the relation of BMD to vitamin D status, pregnancy, and lactation. Samples included 321 healthy Saudi females recruited from the city of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Results suggest that the mean standard deviation (SD) of age, body mass index, number of pregnancies, and total duration of lactation were, respectively, 35.4 +or- 11.3 years, 26.5 +or- 5.2 kg/sq. m, 3.1 +or- 3.1, and 23.7 +or- 42.4 months. Mean +or- SD of serum calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), and PTH levels were 2.37 +or- 0.09 mmol/liter, 24.5 +or- 17.2 nmol/liter, and 52.0 +or- 30.8 pg/ml, respectively. Peak BMD values were observed around age 35 years at the spine and earlier at the femur. Compared with US females, Saudi females had lower weight-matched Z scores at the spine, femoral neck, and Ward's triangle. On the other hand, the number of pregnancies and total duration of lactation correlated with weight-matched BMD Z scores at the spine. This made the BMD in healthy Saudi females significantly lower than their US counterparts. This may due to the increase number of pregnancies and longer duration of lactation together with prevalent vitamin D deficiency. Descriptors Absorptiometry, Photon, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Bone Density, Calcium/blood, Child, Female, Femur Neck/metabolism/radiography, Humans, Lactation/physiology, Lumbar Vertebrae/metabolism/radiography, Middle Aged, Parathyroid Hormone/blood, Pregnancy/physiology, Reference Values, Saudi Arabia, United States, Vitamin D/blood, Arab Countries, Asia, Biology, Clinical Research, Deficiency Diseases--women, Developing Countries, Diseases, Lactation, Maternal Physiology, Micronutrients, Nutrition Disorders, Osteoporosis--women, Physiology, Pregnancy, Reproduction, Research Methodology, Research Report, Skeletal Effects--women, Vitamins, Western Asia, Women Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ghannam,N. N., Hammami,M. M., Bakheet,S. M., Khan,B. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The indigenous Sea Gypsy divers of Thailand's west coast: measurement of carbon monoxide in the breathing air	1999	International Labor Office, Geneva, Switzerland.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene Periodical, Abbrev. Appl.Occup.Environ.Hyg. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 14 Issue 7 Start Page 488 Other Pages 495 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 9103256; 0 (Air Pollutants, Occupational); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); ppublish Place of Publication ENGLAND ISSN/ISBN 1047-322X; 1047-322X Accession Number PMID: 10461405 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10461405 Abstract Approximately 400 indigenous divers live and work on Thailand's west coast. They dive with surface supplied air from primitive compressor units mounted on open boats which measure from seven to 11 meters in length. It was suspected that carbon monoxide was present in the breathing air of at least the gasoline-driven compressor units. To determine the presence of carbon monoxide gas in the breathing air, compressed air from the compressor was pumped through the diver air supply hose through a plenum (monitoring) chamber established on the boat. After a compressor warm-up of 15 minutes, the diving air was measured with the boat at eight different bearings to the wind, each 45 degrees apart at intervals of five minutes. Three of the four gasoline-driven compressor units tested showed presence of carbon monoxide in the breathing air. One diesel-driven unit showed a very low concentration of carbon monoxide (3-4 ppm) and six diesel-driven units showed no detectable carbon monoxide. Although not tested, diesel exhaust emissions could also enter the breathing air by the same route. A locally made modification to the compressor air intake was designed and successfully tested on one gasoline-driven compressor unit. An information sheet on the hazards of carbon monoxide as well as on the modification has been developed for distribution among the villages. Descriptors Air/analysis, Air Pollutants, Occupational/analysis, Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Diving, Equipment Safety, Humans, Occupational Exposure/prevention & control, Thailand Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Gold,D., Geater,A., Aiyarak,S., Juengpraert,W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
An example of measurement and reporting of periodontal loss of attachment (LOA) in epidemiological studies: smoking and periodontal tissue destruction	1999	Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The New Zealand dental journal Periodical, Abbrev. N.Z.Dent.J. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 95 Issue 422 Start Page 118 Other Pages 123 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 0401065; ppublish Place of Publication NEW ZEALAND ISSN/ISBN 0028-8047; 0028-8047 Accession Number PMID: 10687377 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10687377 Abstract The measurement and reporting of periodontal disease in epidemiological studies can be complex, with the common indices having well-recognised shortcomings. The aim of this study was to illustrate the use of the periodontal loss of attachment (LOA) approach in investigating the association between cigarette smoking and loss of periodontal attachment in a convenience sample of adults, in order to determine whether or not smoking was a risk indicator for periodontal disease. All participants were given a detailed periodontal clinical examination in two randomly assigned contralateral diagonal quadrants, with LOA measurements made at six sites per tooth. Information was also collected on participants' socio-demographic characteristics, oral hygiene practices, smoking history, and attitudes towards smoking. The 240 participants examined comprised 81 current smokers (CS), 79 former smokers (FS) and 80 nonsmokers (NS). Substantial differences and a gradient in disease existed for LOA among the three groups. CS exhibited the greatest (and NS the least) prevalence, extent, and severity of LOA. CS had more plaque and calculus than either of the other two groups, but the groups did not differ with respect to bleeding on probing. Overall, smoking was associated with the disease outcome, and this persisted after potential confounders were controlled using multivariate analysis. Although the observed differences may have been due to the self-selected nature of the sample, the gradient evident across the three smoking exposure groups suggests that smoking cessation can slow the progression of the disease. The LOA approach appears to be a versatile and informative method for recording, analysing, and presenting data on periodontitis in epidemiological studies. Descriptors Adult, Analysis of Variance, Attitude to Health, Chi-Square Distribution, Confounding Factors (Epidemiology), Dental Calculus/epidemiology, Dental Plaque/epidemiology, Disease Progression, Epidemiologic Studies, Female, Gingival Hemorrhage/epidemiology, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, New Zealand/epidemiology, Oral Hygiene/statistics & numerical data, Periodontal Attachment Loss/epidemiology, Periodontal Index, Periodontitis/epidemiology, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Smoking/epidemiology, Smoking Cessation, Social Class Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Paidi,S., Pack,A. R., Thomson,W. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Barrett's esophagus: a surgical disease	1999	Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0788, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract Periodical, Abbrev. J.Gastrointest.Surg. Pub Date Free Form Jul-Aug Volume 3 Issue 4 Start Page 397 Other Pages 403; discussion 403-4 Notes LR: 20041117; JID: 9706084; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 1091-255X; 1091-255X Accession Number PMID: 10482692 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI S1091255X99800560 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10482692 Abstract Barrett's metaplasia can develop in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and metaplasia can evolve into dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. The optimal treatment for Barrett's metaplasia and dysplasia is still being debated. The study reported herein was designed to assess the following: (1) the incidence of Barrett's metaplasia among patients with GERD; (2) the ability of laparoscopic fundoplication to control symptoms in patients with Barrett's metaplasia; (3) the results of esophagectomy in patients with high-grade dysplasia; and (4) the character of endoscopic follow-up programs of patients with Barrett's disease being managed by physicians throughout a large geographic region (northern California). Five-hundred thirty-five patients evaluated between October 1989 and February 1997 at the University of California San Francisco Swallowing Center had a diagnosis of GERD established by upper gastrointestinal series, endoscopy, manometry, and pH monitoring. Thirty-eight symptomatic patients with GERD and Barrett's metaplasia underwent laparoscopic fundoplication. Eleven other consecutive patients with high-grade dysplasia underwent transhiatal esophagectomies. Barrett's metaplasia was present in 72 (13%) of the 535 patients with GERD. The following results were achieved in patients who underwent laparoscopic fundoplication (n = 38): Heartburn resolved in 95% of patients, regurgitation in 93% of patients, and cough in 100% of patients. With regard to transhiatal esophagectomy (n = 11), the average duration of the operation was 339 +/- 89 minutes. The only significant complications were two esophageal anastomotic leaks, both of which resolved without sequelae. Mean hospital stay was 14 +/- 5 days. There were no deaths. The specimens showed high-grade dysplasia in seven patients and invasive adenocarcinoma (undiagnosed preoperatively) in four (36%). These results can be summarized as follows: (1) Barrett's metaplasia was present in 13% of patients with GERD being evaluated at a busy diagnostic center; (2) laparoscopic fundoplication was highly successful in controlling symptoms of GERD in patients with Barrett's metaplasia; (3) in patients with high-grade dysplasia esophagectomy was performed safely (invasive cancer had eluded preoperative endoscopic biopsies in one third of these patients); and (4) even though periodic endoscopic examination of Barrett's disease is universally recommended, this was actually done in fewer than two thirds of patients being managed by a large number of independent physicians in this geographic area. Descriptors Adenocarcinoma/pathology, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anastomosis, Surgical/adverse effects, Barrett Esophagus/etiology/pathology/surgery, California, Cough/therapy, Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology, Esophagectomy/adverse effects, Esophagoscopy, Esophagus/pathology, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Fundoplication, Gastroesophageal Reflux/complications, Heartburn/therapy, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Incidence, Laparoscopy, Length of Stay, Male, Manometry, Metaplasia, Middle Aged, Monitoring, Ambulatory, Time Factors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Patti,M. G., Arcerito,M., Feo,C. V., Worth,S., De Pinto,M., Gibbs,V. C., Gantert,W., Tyrrell,D., Ferrell,L. F., Way,L. W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

E-mail