WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
Tobacco use in Tunisia: Behaviour and awareness	2002	Fakhfakh, R., Inst. Natl. de Sante Publique, Le Diplomat, 1002 Le BelvedÃ¨re, Tunis, Tunisia	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bulletin of the World Health Organization Periodical, Abbrev. Bull.WHO Pub Date Free Form 2002/ Volume 80 Issue 5 Start Page 350 Other Pages 356 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0042-9686 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Objective: To assess tobacco use and the awareness of and attitudes towards tobacco and its control in the adult population of Tunisia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1996 of a representative national sample of 5696 subjects aged 25 and over. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire in Arabic. Findings: Tobacco use was reported by 30.4% of the respondents, of whom 24.6% smoked cigarettes and 5.8% consumed traditional tobacco, i.e. snuff, chewing tobacco and/or water pipe tobacco. Whereas 55.6% of men used tobacco, only 5.2% of women did so. Among men the proportion of tobacco users diminished with age as the rate of cessation increased. Among women, smoking peaked in the 35-54 age group. The proportion of men consuming traditional tobacco alone increased from 2.4% in the 25-34 age group to 20.4% in the 55+ age group; the corresponding values for women were 0.1% and 14.3%. Tobacco use was more widespread in rural than in urban areas and was relatively high among poorly educated men from economically deprived backgrounds. The use of tobacco was believed to be harmful to health by 98.6% of the respondents. Over 90% of the interviewees were aware that tobacco played a part in the development of heart disease. However, there were some gaps in awareness. A fear of cancer was expressed by 85% of the respondents, whereas only 5.6% were fearful of accidents. Conclusions: Informational and educational campaigns relating to tobacco control should be directed at individuals and communities, taking into account the gaps in awareness of the effects of tobacco on health. Descriptors adult, aged, article, attitude, awareness, smoking, control system, education, female, health behavior, high risk population, human, major clinical study, male, sampling, sex ratio, smokeless tobacco, tobacco, Tunisia Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Fakhfakh,R., Hsairi,M., Maalej,M., Achour,N., Nacef,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Evaluation of the efficacy of ultraviolet irradiation for disinfection of hospital water contaminated by Legionella	2002	Franzin, L., Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Turin, 10149 Turin, Italy	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of Hospital Infection Periodical, Abbrev. J.Hosp.Infect. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 51 Issue 4 Start Page 269 Other Pages 274 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0195-6701 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract We evaluated the efficacy of the ultraviolet irradiation on hospital water colonized by Legionella pneumophila serogroup 3, by inserting a lamp system on a hot water pipe supplying a small area. Cultures were performed for four months from 5 L samples of water, collected before and after the ultraviolet treatment at the lamp unit and from two distal points. Irradiation was effective immediately after disinfection (<10 cfu/L), even when the incoming water was highly contaminated. One distal point showed little or no contamination (<10-20 cfu/L), while the other showed little to moderate contamination (<103 cfu/L). We conclude that ultraviolet irradiation is useful to protect the water system in small area; however, because of the lack of residual activity, it should be combined with other methods of disinfection. Maintenance of the water system is also necessary in order to reduce biofilm formation and Legionella recolonization. Â© 2002 The Hospital Infection Society. Descriptors drinking water, analytic method, article, bacterial colonization, bacterium contamination, bacterium culture, controlled study, disinfection, hospital, Legionella pneumophila, nonhuman, quantitative analysis, radiation sterilization, ultraviolet radiation, water analysis, water contamination, water sampling, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Franzin,L., Cabodi,D., Fantino,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Piperidine alkaloids in sitka spruce with varying levels of resistance to white pine weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).	2002	Gerson, E.A., USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of economic entomology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Econ.Entomol. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 95 Issue 3 Start Page 608 Other Pages 613 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0022-0493 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Our objective was to evaluate piperidine alkaloids as potential resistance factors in Sitka spruce, Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr, at risk to attack by white pine weevils, Pissodes strobi (Peck). We sampled 72 seedlings in each of two replicated field trials in the Oregon Coast Range. The seedlings were grown from open-pollinated seeds of putatively "resistant" or "susceptible" off-site parental sources. Alkaloid concentrations in bark and foliage were measured in previously unattacked trees at the time of weevil host selection. Leader mortality was evaluated in the fall to gauge actual resistance in the sample trees. Five families had 50% topkill. Alkaloid concentrations differed significantly among families, but the major alkaloids did not appear to be functionally linked with topkill or useful indicators of resistance. However, our study design did not address all potential resistance mechanisms. Therefore, before concluding that Sitka spruce alkaloids have no influence on white pine weevils, complementary laboratory and field experiments are needed. Descriptors alkaloid, piperidine, piperidine derivative, animal, article, beetle, biological pest control, metabolism, methodology, spruce Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Gerson,E. A., Kelsey,R. G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The California Tobacco Control Program and potential harm reduction through reduced cigarette consumption in continuing smokers	2002	Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Volume 4 Suppl 2 Issue Start Page S157 Other Pages 66 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 9815751; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1462-2203; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 12583355 Language eng SubFile Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12583355 Abstract Harm reduction for continuing smokers has been suggested as a public health priority. We evaluated whether tobacco control programs might reduce cigarette consumption among current smokers through strategies aimed primarily at protecting nonsmokers from secondhand smoke (SHS). Data were from adult (18+ years) respondents to multiple (1990, 1992, 1996, 1999), large, cross-sectional, population-based surveys of smoking behavior, conducted to evaluate the California Tobacco Control Program. Adult daily smoking prevalence decreased from 15.9 +/-0.4%(+/-95% confidence interval) of the California adult population in 1990 to 13.0 +/-0.3% in 1999. Concurrently, moderate-to-heavy daily smoking (>or= 15 cigarettes/day) decreased from 10.3 +/-0.4% in 1990 to 7.4 +/-0.3% in 1999, and heavy daily smoking (>or= 25 cigarettes/day) from 3.4 +/- 0.2% in 1990 to 1.9 +/- 0.1% in 1999. Decreased daily smoking was observed in all demographic subgroups except young adults. Among college graduates, the daily smoking prevalence in 1999 was 6.4 +/- 0.4%, a level previously observed only among U.S. physicians. In 1999, nearly 30% of current smokers did not smoke daily, and more than 60% said they now smoked less than previously. In 1999, self-reported cigarette consumption was inversely related to believing SHS is harmful to nonsmokers, having a smoke-free workplace, and living in a smoke-free home. In California, tobacco control strategies that educated the population about SHS and resulted in smoking restrictions may have led continuing smokers to smoke less, which should reduce the harm from smoking to the public health in the long term. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Behavior, Addictive, California/epidemiology, Female, Harm Reduction, Health Behavior, Health Promotion, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Program Evaluation, Public Health, Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation/methods, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/prevention & control Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Gilpin,E. A., Pierce,J. P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Helicobacter pylori infection, not gastroesophageal reflux, is the major cause of inflammation and intestinal metaplasia of gastric cardiac mucosa	2002	Center for Swallowing and Esophageal Disorders and Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The American Journal of Gastroenterology Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Gastroenterol. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 97 Issue 2 Start Page 302 Other Pages 311 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 0421030; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0002-9270; 0002-9270 Accession Number PMID: 11866266 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.05462.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 11866266 Abstract OBJECTIVE: The etiology of inflammation below the normal Z-line is an area of intense debate. Some suggest this is the earliest change of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), whereas others indict Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) as the main cause. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship among inflammation of gastric cardiac mucosa (carditis), H. pylori infection, and intestinal metaplasia in patients with GERD and Barrett's esophagus compared with age-matched controls. METHODS: Patients with GERD and Barrett's esophagus were compared with controls undergoing endoscopy for a variety of other conditions. Endoscopic biopsy specimens from the gastric cardia (obtained on retroflexed view), fundus, and antrum were evaluated for inflammation, H. pylori infection, and intestinal metaplasia. RESULTS: The prevalence of H. pylori infection did not significantly differ among the study populations: controls (42%), GERD (33%), and Barrett's esophagus (27%) (p = 0.20). However, the prevalence of carditis significantly decreased from the control group (30%) to those with GERD (23%) and Barrett's esophagus (11%) (p = 0.03). Overall, 42 of 51 (82%) patients with carditis had H. pylori; all had pangastritis. The prevalence of cardia intestinal metaplasia also significantly decreased from the control group (15%) to those with GERD (4%) and Barrett's esophagus (0%) (p = 0.003). Of 13 patients with cardia intestinal metaplasia, 12 had carditis, 10 had H. pylori infection, and seven had intestinal metaplasia elsewhere in the stomach. CONCLUSIONS: Inflammation of gastric cardiac mucosa decreases in prevalence from controls to patients with GERD and Barrett's esophagus and correlates strongly with H. pylori infection. Cardia intestinal metaplasia is associated with H. pylori-related cardiac inflammation and intestinal metaplasia elsewhere in the stomach. Descriptors Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Barrett Esophagus/complications/pathology, Biopsy, Needle, Cardia/pathology, Case-Control Studies, Cohort Studies, Esophagoscopy/methods, Female, Gastric Mucosa/pathology, Gastritis/epidemiology/etiology/pathology, Gastroesophageal Reflux/complications/pathology, Gastroscopy/methods, Helicobacter Infections/complications/pathology, Helicobacter pylori/isolation & purification, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa/pathology, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Prognosis, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Sex Distribution Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Goldblum,J. R., Richter,J. E., Vaezi,M., Falk,G. W., Rice,T. W., Peek,R. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Cigarette smoking, salivary/gingival crevicular fluid cotinine and periodontal status. A 10-year longitudinal study	2001	University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis 55455, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of clinical periodontology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Clin.Periodontol. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 28 Issue 4 Start Page 331 Other Pages 339 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0425123; K5161X06LL (Cotinine); CIN: J Clin Periodontol. 2001 Sep;28(9):895. PMID: 11493362; ppublish Place of Publication Denmark ISSN/ISBN 0303-6979; 0303-6979 Accession Number PMID: 11314889 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; D; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 11314889 Abstract BACKGROUND, AIMS: The primary purpose of this study was to determine the association of salivary and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) cotinine levels with periodontal disease status in smokers and non-smokers. METHODS: 147 male smokers and 30 male non-smokers were included in the current longitudinal study. The 177 individuals were part of a group of 200 subjects (89%) seen 10 years previously for a baseline survey. Oral hygiene indices, probing depth and attachment loss were recorded. Salivary and GCF cotinine levels of 58 smokers were determined by means of ELISA. RESULTS: Results indicated that no significant difference was found in subjects who smoked, when compared to subjects who did not smoke with respect to plaque accumulation and calculus deposits. Smokers, however, had fewer gingival bleeding sites. Cigarette smoking was associated with a greater increase in probing depth and attachment loss, as well as greater tooth loss at an earlier age. There was greater tooth loss in smokers than non-smokers (p or = 20 pack years when compared to or = 20 pack years when compared to 0.05). Descriptors Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Cotinine/analysis, Dental Calculus/classification, Dental Plaque/classification, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Gingival Crevicular Fluid/chemistry, Gingival Hemorrhage/classification, Humans, Jaw, Edentulous/classification, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Oral Hygiene Index, Periodontal Attachment Loss/classification, Periodontal Diseases/classification/physiopathology, Periodontal Index, Periodontal Pocket/classification, Regression Analysis, Saliva/chemistry, Smoking/metabolism/physiopathology, Statistics as Topic, Time Factors, Tooth Loss/classification Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Chen,X., Wolff,L., Aeppli,D., Guo,Z., Luan,W., Baelum,V., Fejeskov,O. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Soil temperature and plant growth stage influence nitrogen uptake and amino acid concentration of apple during early spring growth	2001	Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tree physiology Periodical, Abbrev. Tree Physiol. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 21 Issue 8 Start Page 541 Other Pages 547 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 100955338; 0 (Amino Acids); 0 (Soil); N762921K75 (Nitrogen); ppublish Place of Publication Canada ISSN/ISBN 0829-318X; 0829-318X Accession Number PMID: 11359712 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 11359712 Abstract In spring, nitrogen (N) uptake by apple roots begins about 3 weeks after bud break. We used 1-year-old 'Fuji' Malus domestica Borkh on M26 bare-root apple trees to determine whether the onset of N uptake in spring is dependent solely on the growth stage of the plant or is a function of soil temperature. Five times during early season growth, N uptake and total amino acid concentration were measured in trees growing at aboveground day/night temperatures of 23/15 degrees C and belowground temperatures of 8, 12, 16 or 20 degrees C. We used (15NH4)(15NO3) to measure total N uptake and rate of uptake and found that both were significantly influenced by both soil temperature and plant growth stage. Rate of uptake of 15N increased with increasing soil temperature and changed with plant growth stage. Before bud break, 15N was not detected in trees growing in the 8 degrees C soil treatment, whereas 15N uptake increased with increasing soil temperatures between 12 and 20 degrees C. Ten days after bud break, 15N was still not detected in trees growing in the 8 degrees C soil treatment, although total 15N uptake and uptake rate continued to increase with increasing soil temperatures between 12 and 20 degrees C. Twenty-one days after bud break, trees in all temperature treatments were able to acquire 15N from the soil, although the amount of uptake increased with increasing soil temperature. Distribution of 15N in trees changed as plants grew. Most of the 15N absorbed by trees before bud break (approximately 5% of 15N supplied per tree) remained in the roots. Forty-six days after bud break, approximately one-third of the 15N absorbed by the trees in the 12-20 degrees C soil temperature treatments remained in the roots, whereas the shank, stem and new growth contained about two-thirds of the 15N taken up by the roots. Total amino acid concentration and distribution of amino acids in trees changed with plant growth stage, but only the amino acid concentration in new growth and roots was affected by soil temperature. We conclude that a combination of low soil temperature and plant developmental stage influences the ability of apple trees to take up and use N from the soil in the spring. Thus, early fertilizer application in the spring when soil temperatures are low or when the aboveground portion of the tree is not actively growing may be ineffective in promoting N uptake. Descriptors Amino Acids/analysis/metabolism, Malus/growth & development/physiology, Nitrogen/metabolism/physiology, Plant Roots/chemistry, Plant Stems/chemistry, Seasons, Soil, Temperature, Trees/growth & development/physiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Dong,S., Scagel,C. F., Cheng,L., Fuchigami,L. H., Rygiewicz,P. T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The physiological kinetics of nitrogen and the prevention of decompression sickness	2001	Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. David.Doolette@adelaide.edu.au	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Clinical pharmacokinetics Periodical, Abbrev. Clin.Pharmacokinet. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 40 Issue 1 Start Page 1 Other Pages 14 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 7606849; N762921K75 (Nitrogen); EIN: Clin Pharmacokinet 2001;40(3):235; RF: 97; ppublish Place of Publication New Zealand ISSN/ISBN 0312-5963; 0312-5963 Accession Number PMID: 11236806 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review; IM DOI 10.2165/00003088-200140010-00001 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 11236806 Abstract Decompression sickness (DCS) is a potentially crippling disease caused by intracorporeal bubble formation during or after decompression from a compressed gas underwater dive. Bubbles most commonly evolve from dissolved inert gas accumulated during the exposure to increased ambient pressure. Most diving is performed breathing air, and the inert gas of interest is nitrogen. Divers use algorithms based on nitrogen kinetic models to plan the duration and degree of exposure to increased ambient pressure and to control their ascent rate. However, even correct execution of dives planned using such algorithms often results in bubble formation and may result in DCS. This reflects the importance of idiosyncratic host factors that are difficult to model, and deficiencies in current nitrogen kinetic models. Models describing the exchange of nitrogen between tissues and blood may be based on distributed capillary units or lumped compartments, either of which may be perfusion- or diffusion-limited. However, such simplistic models are usually poor predictors of experimental nitrogen kinetics at the organ or tissue level, probably because they fail to account for factors such as heterogeneity in both tissue composition and blood perfusion and non-capillary exchange mechanisms. The modelling of safe decompression procedures is further complicated by incomplete understanding of the processes that determine bubble formation. Moreover, any formation of bubbles during decompression alters subsequent nitrogen kinetics. Although these factors mandate complex resolutions to account for the interaction between dissolved nitrogen kinetics and bubble formation and growth, most decompression schedules are based on relatively simple perfusion-limited lumped compartment models of blood: tissue nitrogen exchange. Not surprisingly, all models inevitably require empirical adjustment based on outcomes in the field. Improvements in the predictive power of decompression calculations are being achieved using probabilistic bubble models, but divers will always be subject to the possibility of developing DCS despite adherence to prescribed limits. Descriptors Algorithms, Brain/metabolism, Capillaries/metabolism, Decompression/adverse effects, Decompression Sickness/blood/prevention & control, Diving/adverse effects, Humans, Models, Biological, Musculoskeletal System/metabolism, Nitrogen/blood/pharmacokinetics, Spinal Cord/metabolism, Tissue Distribution Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Doolette,D. J., Mitchell,S. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Solid-phase microextraction for the enantiomeric analysis of flavors in beverages	2001	University of California, Davis, Department of Viticulture and Enology, 95616, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of AOAC International Periodical, Abbrev. J.AOAC Int. Pub Date Free Form Mar-Apr Volume 84 Issue 2 Start Page 479 Other Pages 485 Notes LR: 20080317; JID: 9215446; 0 (Flavoring Agents); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1060-3271; 1060-3271 Accession Number PMID: 11324614 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 11324614 Abstract Solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis and separation on a chiral cyclodextrin stationary phase was a rapid, reliable technique for profiling chiral aroma compounds in flavored alcoholic beverages. Several enantiomeric terpenes, esters, alcohols, norisoprenoids, and lactones were identified in berry-, peach-, strawberry-, and citrus-flavored wine and malt beverages (wine coolers). Using this technique, we were able to confirm the addition of synthetic flavoring to several beverages, consistent with label designations. Descriptors Alcoholic Beverages/analysis, Beverages/analysis, Flavoring Agents/analysis, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Stereoisomerism, Wine/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ebeler,S. E., Sun,G. M., Datta,M., Stremple,P., Vickers,A. K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Clinical and demographic predictors of Barrett's esophagus among patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease: a multivariable analysis in veterans	2001	Institute for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA. eloubeidi@gihep.uab.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of clinical gastroenterology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Clin.Gastroenterol. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 33 Issue 4 Start Page 306 Other Pages 309 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 7910017; CIN: J Clin Gastroenterol. 2001 Oct;33(4):260-1. PMID: 11588537; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0192-0790; 0192-0790 Accession Number PMID: 11588545 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 11588545 Abstract BACKGROUND: The subgroup of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) that should undergo endoscopy to rule out Barrett's esophagus (BE) has not been well defined. GOALS: To examine demographic and clinical variables predictive of BE before endoscopy. STUDY: A validated GERD questionnaire was administered to 107 patients with biopsy-proven BE and to 104 patients with GERD but no BE shown by endoscopy. Frequent symptoms were defined as symptoms that occurred at least once or more each week. Severity of symptoms was rated on a scale from 1 to 4 (mild to very severe). Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed to determine whether demographic characteristics and the duration, severity, and frequency of GERD symptoms were associated with the identification of BE. RESULTS: Eighty-five percent of the GERD patients and 82% of the BE patients completed the questionnaire. There was no difference between the groups in terms of race, gender, or proton pump inhibitor use. The BE patients were older (median age, 64 vs. 57 years, p = 0.04). In multivariable logistic regression, an age of more than 40 years ( p = 0.008), the presence of heartburn or acid regurgitation ( p = 0.03), and heartburn more than once a week ( p = 0.007) were all independent predictors of the presence of BE. Interestingly, patients with BE were less likely to report severe GERD symptoms ( p = 0.0008) and nocturnal symptoms ( p = 0.03). Duration of symptoms, race, alcohol, and smoking history were not associated with BE. CONCLUSIONS: Upper endoscopy should be performed in GERD patients more than 40 years of age who report heartburn once or more per week. The severity of symptoms and the presence of nocturnal symptoms are not reliable indicators of the presence of BE. Descriptors Aged, Analysis of Variance, Barrett Esophagus/diagnosis/epidemiology, Chronic Disease, Cohort Studies, Data Collection, Esophagoscopy, Female, Gastroesophageal Reflux/diagnosis/epidemiology, Gastroscopy, Humans, Incidence, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Predictive Value of Tests, Probability, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Surveys and Questionnaires, Veterans Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Eloubeidi,M. A., Provenzale,D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

E-mail