WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
Contact Voltage Measured in Residences: Implications to the Association between Magnetic Fields and Childhood Leukemia	2002	Kavet, R., Environment Department, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA 94303, United States	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bioelectromagnetics Periodical, Abbrev. Bioelectromagnetics Pub Date Free Form / Volume 23 Issue 6 Start Page 464 Other Pages 474 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0197-8462 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract We measured magnetic fields and two sources of contact current in 36 homes in Pittsfield, MA. The first source, VP-W is the voltage due to current in the grounding wire, which extends from the service panel neutral to the water service line. This voltage can cause contact current to flow upon simultaneous contact with a metallic part of the water system, such as the faucet, and the frame of an appliance, which is connected to the panel neutral through the equipment-grounding conductor. The second is VW-E, the voltage between the water pipe and earth, attributable to ground currents in the water system and magnetic induction from nearby power lines. In homes with conductive water systems and drains, VW-E can produce a voltage between the faucet and drain, which may produce contact current into an individual contacting the faucet while immersed in a bathtub. VP-W was not strongly correlated to the magnetic field (both log transformed) (r = 0.28; P < 0.1). On the other hand, VW-E was correlated to the residential magnetic field (both log transformed) (r=0.54; P < 0.001), with the highest voltages occurring in homes near high voltage transmission lines, most likely due to magnetic induction on the grounding system. This correlation, combined with both frequent exposure opportunity for bathing children and substantial dose to bone marrow resulting from contact, lead us to suggest that contact current due to VW-E could explain the association between high residential magnetic fields and childhood leukemia. Â© 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Descriptors article, bone marrow cell, childhood disease, conductor, contact voltage, correlation analysis, disease association, dose response, electric potential, equipment design, flow measurement, human, immersion, leukemia, magnetic field, priority journal, residential magnetic field, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Kavet,R., Zaffanella,L. E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Low-cost failure sensor design and development for water pipeline distribution systems	2002	Khan, A., Dept. of Mechanical/Med. Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, United Kingdom	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Generic Periodical, Full Water Science and Technology Periodical, Abbrev. Water Sci. Technol. Pub Date Free Form 2002/ Volume 45 Issue 5-Apr Start Page 207 Other Pages 215 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0273-1223 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract This paper describes the design and development of a new sensor which is low cost to manufacture and install and is reliable in operation with sufficient accuracy, resolution and repeatability for use in newly developed systems for pipeline monitoring and leakage detection. To provide an appropriate signal, the concept of a "failure" sensor is introduced, in which the output is not necessarily proportional to the input, but is unmistakably affected when an unusual event occurs. The design of this failure sensor is based on the water opacity which can be indicative of an unusual event in a water distribution network. The laboratory work and field trials necessary to design and prove out this type of failure sensor are described here. It is concluded that a low-cost failure sensor of this type has good potential for use in a comprehensive water monitoring and management system based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Descriptors accuracy, artificial neural network, calibration, conference paper, controlled study, cost, pipeline, sensor, water management, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Khan,A., Widdop,P. D., Day,A. J., Wood,A. S., Mounce,S. R., Machell,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Trends and pattern of tobacco consumption in rural women of Pakistan	2002		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full PAFMJ - Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 52 Issue 2 Start Page 208 Other Pages 12 Notes ID: 68689 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language english SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract A cross sectional study of the trends and pattern of tobacco consumption in rural women of selected villages of Pakistan was conducted to know the existing situation. Total 13 villages were selected according to the proportion of population of each province and accordingly six, four, two and one district from Punjab, Sindh, NWFP, and Baluchistan were selected respectively through simple random sampling. From each village 100 women of age 15 years and above were interviewed at random. Out of 1300 women, 468 36%] were found tobacco users. Majority of tobacco users 30.34%] were smokers of Hubble bubble. Tobacco smoking/Chewing was started at a mean age of 23.19 +/- 10.77 years. The mean age for current tobacco consumption was 39.50 +/- 14.68.A high tobacco consumption rate was observed in illiterate, divorced/widow and women farmers. Hubble bubble smoking in Punjab, Naswar taking in NWFP and Balochistan and Biri smoking in Sindh is common most form of tobacco consumption Descriptors Humans, Female, 13 - 19 YEARS, ABO Blood-Group System - 45 YEARS, Absorption - 64 YEARS, OVER 64 YEARS, Tobacco, Rural Population, Tobacco Use Cessation Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/emro-68689 Book Title Database GHL; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Khan,Iqbal Ahmad, Siddiqui,Muhammad Saeed Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Recurrent inner ear decompression sickness associated with a patent foramen ovale	2002	Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat Surgery (HNO), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. christoph_klingmann@med.uni-heidelberg.de	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery Periodical, Abbrev. Arch.Otolaryngol.Head.Neck.Surg. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 128 Issue 5 Start Page 586 Other Pages 588 Notes LR: 20060328; JID: 8603209; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0886-4470; 0886-4470 Accession Number PMID: 12003593 Language eng SubFile Case Reports; Journal Article; AIM; IM DOI ocn10516 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12003593 Abstract Isolated inner ear injuries occurring during shallow scuba dives are an uncommon manifestation of decompression sickness in recreational divers. We describe a patient who presented with the typical symptoms of inner ear involvement after 2 independent dives within the decompression limits. The diver reported symptoms of unilateral (right-sided) hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo after dives to 35 and 50 m. After treatment with hyperbaric oxygen, his symptoms completely resolved. To confirm the hypothesis of inner ear decompression sickness (IEDCS), we examined the patient for a right-to-left shunt by cranial Doppler ultrasound and found a patent foramen ovale. The existence of a patent foramen ovale is suspected to be a risk factor for developing neurological symptoms of decompression sickness. There was no evidence of any other risk factors, so we suggest that the relevant right-to-left shunt in our patient may have been the predisposing factor that caused the inner ear symptoms during his scuba dive. Descriptors Adult, Barotrauma/complications/diagnosis/therapy, Diving/injuries, Ear, Inner/injuries, Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/complications/ultrasonography, Humans, Hyperbaric Oxygenation, Male, Risk Factors, Ultrasonography, Doppler Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Klingmann,C., Knauth,M., Ries,S., Kern,R., Tasman,A. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Belowground carbon pools and processes in different age stands of Douglas-fir.	2002	Klopatek, J.M., Department of Plant Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1601, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tree physiology Periodical, Abbrev. Tree Physiol. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 22 Issue 3-Feb Start Page 197 Other Pages 204 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0829-318X Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Forest floor material and soil organic matter may act as both a source and a sink in global CO2 cycles. Thus, the ecosystem processes controlling these pools are central to understanding the transfers of carbon (C) between the atmosphere and terrestrial systems. To examine these ecosystem processes, the effect of stand age on temporal carbon source-sink relationships was examined in 20-year-old, 40-year-old and old-growth stands of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) in the Cascade Mountains of south-central Washington State. Belowground C and nitrogen (N) storage and soil respiration were measured. In addition, nylon mesh bags containing homogenized soils from each site were buried at the respective sites to quantify root ingrowth and potential C sequestration and loss. The sites supporting the 20- and 40-year-old stands had soil C stores reflecting the C contributions from logging residue, coarse woody debris and stumps left after harvest. Because the N-fixer red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) comprised 33% of the 40-year-old stand, this site had significantly greater concentrations and pools of N in the forest floor than sites without red alder. This N-rich site had consistently lower soil CO2 efflux rates during the growing season than the sites supporting the 20-year-old and old-growth stands. Estimated annual soil C efflux was 1367, 883 and 1194 g m-2 for the sites supporting the 20-, 40- and old-growth stands, respectively. These values are higher than previously reported values. Root ingrowth was significantly less in the 40-year-old stand than in the 20-year-old stand, and both young stands showed markedly less fine root growth than the old-growth stand. At the sites supporting the young stands, C and N were lost from the soil bags, whereas there was an increase in C and N in the soil bags at the site supporting the old-growth stand. The fine root growth and soil respiration data support the hypothesis that belowground C allocation decreases with increasing fertility. Quantification of the source-sink relationship of soil C at the three stands based on litterfall, relative root ingrowth and soil respiration measurements was compromised because of significant CO2 flux from decaying organic matter in the young stands. Descriptors carbon, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, alder, article, Douglas fir, ecosystem, physiology, soil, tree, United States Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Klopatek,J. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The lead content in teeth as a maker of environmental exposure to lead	2002	Kuchenbecker, D., Inst. fur Arbeitsmed./Sozialmedizin, UniversitÃ¤t Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Arbeitsmedizin Sozialmedizin Umweltmedizin Periodical, Abbrev. Arbeitsmed.Sozialmed.Umweltmed. Pub Date Free Form 2002/ Volume 37 Issue 8 Start Page 388 Other Pages 393 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0944-6052 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to investigate whether the lead concentration in teeth is influenced by the lead content of the material of drinking water pipes. Collective and method: The lead contents of 235 permanent teeth extracted from 190 inhabitants of Leipzig aged 16-93 years, some of whom had lived in houses with water pipes containing lead from birth, were determined with a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer. Results: The lead levels in tooth roots were in the range from 0.5 to 31.1 Î¼g/g dry weight (median 7.0 Î¼g/g). Significant differences were found in the lead concentrations in teeth between people living in houses with water pipes containing lead and those in houses without. Furthermore, the lead content depends on the age of the patient. The tooth lead of younger adults (aged 16-40 years) without additional lead exposure was in the range from 0.5 to 4.6 Î¼g/g dry weight (median 2.2 Î¼g/g), the range for the tooth lead of older dental patients (aged 61-93 years) was found to be from 6.6 to 6.8 Î¼g/g dry weight (median 6.7 Î¼g/g). In the case of patients living in houses with water pipes containing lead, the median lead concentrations in teeth were 7.2 Î¼g/g for younger adults and 14.5 Î¼g/g for older adults. Conclusions: Both previous occupational exposure to lead and non-occupational exposure can be detected in teeth many years after the end of exposure. Descriptors drinking water, lead, adolescent, adult, aged, article, atomic absorption spectrometry, environmental exposure, heavy metal poisoning, household, human, lead poisoning, major clinical study, tooth extraction, water contamination Links Book Title Bleigehalt in zÃ¤hnen als marker einer umweltbedingten bleibelastung Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Kuchenbecker,D., Schaffernicht,H., Raddatz,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Antifungal susceptibility of Candida biofilms: unique efficacy of amphotericin B lipid formulations and echinocandins	2002	Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals of Cleveland and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Periodical, Abbrev. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 46 Issue 6 Start Page 1773 Other Pages 1780 Notes LR: 20140612; GR: AI-36219/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States; GR: AI07024/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States; GR: AI35097-03/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30 CA43703-12/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 0315061; 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 0 (Antifungal A Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0066-4804; 0066-4804 Accession Number PMID: 12019089 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12019089 Abstract Biofilms, likely the predominant mode of device-related microbial infection, exhibit resistance to antimicrobial agents. Evidence suggests that Candida biofilms have dramatically reduced susceptibility to antifungal drugs. We examined antifungal susceptibilities of Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis biofilms grown on a bioprosthetic model. In addition to conventional agents, we determined if new antifungal agents (triazoles, amphotericin B lipid formulations, and echinocandins) have activities against Candida biofilms. We also explored effects of preincubation of C. albicans cells with subinhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of drugs to see if they could modify subsequent biofilm formation. Finally, we used confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) to image planktonic- and biofilm-exposed blastospores to examine drug effects on cell structure. Candida biofilms were formed on silicone elastomer and quantified by tetrazolium and dry weight (DW) assays. Susceptibility testing of fluconazole, nystatin, chlorhexidine, terbenafine, amphotericin B (AMB), and the triazoles voriconazole (VRC) and ravuconazole revealed resistance in all Candida isolates examined when grown as biofilms, compared to planktonic forms. In contrast, lipid formulations of AMB (liposomal AMB and AMB lipid complex [ABLC]) and echinocandins (caspofungin [Casp] and micafungin) showed activity against Candida biofilms. Preincubation of C. albicans cells with sub-MIC levels of antifungals decreased the ability of cells to subsequently form biofilm (measured by DW; P < 0.0005). CSLM analysis of planktonic and biofilm-associated blastospores showed treatment with VRC, Casp, and ABLC resulted in morphological alterations, which differed with each agent. In conclusion, our data show that Candida biofilms show unique susceptibilities to echinocandins and AMB lipid formulations. Descriptors Amphotericin B/administration & dosage/pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology, Antifungal Agents/administration & dosage/pharmacology, Biofilms/drug effects, Candida/drug effects/ultrastructure, Culture Media, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Echinocandins, Fungal Proteins, Liposomes, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Microscopy, Confocal, Peptides, Peptides, Cyclic, Polyenes/pharmacology, Prosthesis-Related Infections/microbiology, Triazoles/pharmacology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kuhn,D. M., George,T., Chandra,J., Mukherjee,P. K., Ghannoum,M. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC127206 Editors
Co-operation of private water management sector with municipalities	2002	Kyncl, M., Severomoravske vodovody, kanalizace Ostrava a.s., 709 45 Ostrava, Czech Republic	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water Science and Technology: Water Supply Periodical, Abbrev. Water Sc.Technol.Water Supply Pub Date Free Form 2002/ Volume 2 Issue 4 Start Page 219 Other Pages 224 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1606-9749 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract After 1990 a gradual privatisation of the water and sewerage sector began in the Czech Republic as well as in other Central and Eastern European countries. State assets of public water pipelines and sewerage were transferred to towns and municipalities and joint stock companies were established. Two types of companies appeared-operational and ownership companies. The first type is the operational company that operates the infrastructure assets of public water pipelines and sewerage. These assets stay in the ownership of municipalities. A long term operational contract is agreed that solves the relationship between the owners and operators. The second type is the ownership company that directly owns the infrastructure assets of public water pipelines. Towns and municipalities in this case became shareholders of those companies. At the end of nineties, big international companies bought shares of both operational and ownership companies. Municipalities have to, by law, ensure the operation of public water pipelines. However, by the sale of shares they have lost a possibility to participate in decision making. A question about future co-operation between towns and municipalities and ownership companies appears. An example of the North Moravian Water and Sewerage Works Company was used to describe a possible way of co-operation between a private company and the municipalities on whose territory the company operates. Contracts between the ownership company and particular municipalities were agreed. This solution turned out to be complicated, so the municipalities affiliated and established Water Management Association. The objective of the Association is to promote common interests of the municipalities in relation to the water company. A contract was agreed between the Water Management Association and the company about co-operation in the area of water tariff setting and public waterworks' development. Descriptors article, Czech Republic, decision making, Europe, government, organization, pipeline, water management Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Kyncl,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Self-reported school difficulties and tobacco use among fourth- to seventh-grade students	2002	Dept. of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami School of Medicine, PO Box 016069 (R-699), Miami, FL 33101, USA. dlee@med.miami.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of school health Periodical, Abbrev. J.Sch.Health Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 72 Issue 9 Start Page 368 Other Pages 373 Notes LR: 20071115; JID: 0376370; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0022-4391; 0022-4391 Accession Number PMID: 12557632 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM; N DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12557632 Abstract This study examined the relationship between academic and behavioral difficulties at school, and tobacco use in students. Participants included 1,219 students in fourth to seventh grade at the time of enrollment. Interviews were repeated eight months later with 85% of baseline participants. Telephone interviews assessed use of cigarettes, cigars, and chewing tobacco; students also were asked if they liked school, how often they got in trouble at school, and how well they were doing in school. At baseline, students reporting school difficulties were 1.4-5.6 times more likely to report a lifetime history of cigarette, cigar, and chewing tobacco use relative to students who did not report these difficulties. Average to below-average academic performance at baseline was predictive of new cigarette use at the eight-month follow-up (Relative Risk = 3.35; 95% Confidence Interval = [1.36, 8.22]). Self-reported school difficulties are associated with lifetime use of all major forms of tobacco and are predictive of future cigarette use in fourth- to seventh-grade students. Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Child, Child Behavior Disorders/epidemiology, Cohort Studies, Female, Florida/epidemiology, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Risk Factors, Smoking/epidemiology, Students Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lee,D. J., Trapido,E., Rodriguez,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Legionella contamination of hospital water supplies: monitoring of private healthcare facilities in Bologna, Italy	2002	Department of Medicine and Public Health, University of Bologna, Italy.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of hospital infection Periodical, Abbrev. J.Hosp.Infect. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 50 Issue 3 Start Page 220 Other Pages 223 Notes LR: 20081121; CI: Copyright 2002; JID: 8007166; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0195-6701; 0195-6701 Accession Number PMID: 11886199 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1053/jhin.2002.1180 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 11886199 Abstract The hot water supplies of 11 private healthcare facilities in the city of Bologna, Italy, were monitored for the presence of Legionella spp. Four samplings were made in each establishment over a period of one year and in total 121 samples were collected from distribution points situated near the water-boiler and inside the wards (taps and showers). Legionellae were recovered from all the water supplies in question: Legionella spp. in 86.8% of samples, L. pneumophila in 82.6% of samples. L. pneumophila was found in all the water supplies at levels averaging above 10(4)cfu/L in five health facilities and reaching a maximum concentration of 10(7)cfu/L. The only parameter to have affected the presence of legionellae was the water temperature, which was seen to be inversely correlated to the concentration of Legionella spp. Despite the high levels of contamination from L. pneumophila, no cases of nosocomial Legionnaires' disease were reported during the period of the study. Descriptors Cross Infection/epidemiology, Hospitals, Private, Hot Temperature, Humans, Italy, Legionella/isolation & purification, Legionnaires' Disease/epidemiology, Water Microbiology, Water Supply Links Book Title Database Publisher The Hospital Infection Society Data Source Authors Legnani,P. P., Leoni,E., Corradini,N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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