WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
Association between bone mineral densities and serum lipid profiles of pre- and post-menopausal rural women in South Korea	2005	Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University School of Medicine, 5 Hak 1-dong Dong-gu, 501-746, Gwangju City, South Korea.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA Periodical, Abbrev. Osteoporos.Int. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 16 Issue 12 Start Page 1975 Other Pages 1981 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 9100105; 0 (Cholesterol, HDL); 0 (Cholesterol, LDL); 0 (Lipids); 0 (Triglycerides); 97C5T2UQ7J (Cholesterol); 2005/03/17 [received]; 2005/06/12 [accepted]; 2005/09/16 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0937-941X; 0937-941X Accession Number PMID: 16167087 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1007/s00198-005-1977-2 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16167087 Abstract The objectives of this population-based study were to investigate the potential association between bone mineral density (BMD) and serum lipid profiles and to compare the effects of serum lipids on BMD at various skeletal sites in pre- and post-menopausal women. In July and August of 2004, BMD was measured at a variety of skeletal sites [lumbar spine (L1-4), femoral neck, trochanter, Ward's triangle, shaft and proximal total hip] using the GE/Bravo Lunar DPX dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer in a South Korean population-based sample of 375 pre-menopausal and 355 post-menopausal rural women aged 19-80 years. The levels of serum total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were inversely associated with BMD in both pre- and post-menopausal women. In the pre-menopausal women, correlations were shown only for lumbar 1-4 (TC: r=-0.12, P<0.05; LDL-C: r=-0.12, P<0.05), whereas in the post-menopausal women, no correlation was evident for the lumbar sites. In the post-menopausal subjects, the TC levels showed significant correlations with the BMD values at the trochanter (r=-0.15, P<0.01), shaft (r=-0.16, P<0.001) and proximal total hip (r=-0.15, P<0.01) sites, while the LDL-C levels showed significant correlations with the BMD values at the neck (r=-0.13, P<0.05), trochanter (r=-0.21, P<.001), shaft (r=-0.20, P<0.001) and proximal total hip (r=-0.20, P<0.001) sites. The levels of triglyceride (TG) were shown to have a significant positive correlation with BMD values at the trochanter site (r=0.11, P=0.05) in the post-menopausal women; by contrast, subjects in a higher quartile of TG levels show lower lumbar BMD values in the pre-menopausal women. The levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were not associated with BMD values at any of the sites in the pre- and post-menopausal subjects. Our data indicate a relationship between BMD values and serum lipid levels and suggest differences between pre- and post-menopausal women in terms of the effects of serum lipids on BMD at various skeletal sites. Descriptors Absorptiometry, Photon/methods, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bone Density/physiology, Cholesterol/blood, Cholesterol, HDL/blood, Cholesterol, LDL/blood, Female, Femur, Femur Neck, Hip, Humans, Korea/epidemiology, Lipids/blood, Lumbar Vertebrae, Menopause/physiology, Middle Aged, Population Surveillance/methods, Postmenopause/physiology, Premenopause/physiology, Rural Health, Triglycerides/blood Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Cui,L. H., Shin,M. H., Chung,E. K., Lee,Y. H., Kweon,S. S., Park,K. S., Choi,J. S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20050916 PMCID Editors
Monitoring the lactic acid bacterial diversity during shochu fermentation by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis	2005	Nodai Culture Collection Center, Department of Brewing, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan. 60020001@nodai.ac.jp	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of bioscience and bioengineering Periodical, Abbrev. J.Biosci.Bioeng. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 99 Issue 3 Start Page 216 Other Pages 221 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 100888800; 33X04XA5AT (Lactic Acid); 2004/09/15 [received]; 2004/11/29 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication Japan ISSN/ISBN 1389-1723; 1347-4421 Accession Number PMID: 16233780 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI S1389-1723(05)70357-1 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16233780 Abstract The presence of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) during shochu fermentation was monitored by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and by bacteriological culturing. No LAB were detected from fermented mashes by PCR-DGGE using a universal bacterial PCR primer set. However, PCR-DGGE using a new primer specific for the 16S rDNA of Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Tetragenococcus, Enterococcus, and Vagococcus and two primers specific for the 16S rDNA of Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Leuconostoc, and Weissella revealed that Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus nagelii, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactococcus lactis, Leuconostoc citreum, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and Weissella cibaria inhabited in shochu mashes. It was also found that the LAB community composition during shochu fermentation changed after the main ingredient and water were added during the fermentation process. Therefore, we confirmed that PCR-DGGE using all three primers specific for groups of LAB together was well suited to the study of the LAB diversity in shochu mashes. The results of DGGE profiles were similar to the results of bacteriological culturing. In conclusion, LAB are present during shochu fermentation but not dominant. Descriptors Bacteria, Aerobic/genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism, Colony Count, Microbial/methods, Comet Assay/methods, Lactic Acid/metabolism, Nucleic Acid Denaturation, Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods, Wine/microbiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Endo,A., Okada,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Genetics and prevention of oesophageal adenocarcinoma	2005	MRC Cancer Cell Unit, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 2XZ, UK. rcf@hutchison-mrc.cam.ac.uk	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Recent results in cancer research.Fortschritte der Krebsforschung.Progres dans les recherches sur le cancer Periodical, Abbrev. Recent Results Cancer Res. Pub Date Free Form Volume 166 Issue Start Page 35 Other Pages 46 Notes LR: 20150828; JID: 0044671; 0 (Genetic Markers); 0 (Neoplasm Proteins); RF: 59; ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 0080-0015; 0080-0015 Accession Number PMID: 15648181 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15648181 Abstract Gastric cancer has been declining for more than half a century, whereas the incidence of oesophageal cancer is increasing rapidly. The histopathological subtype is also changing with a predominance of oesophageal adenocarcinoma compared with squamous carcinoma. The reasons for these epidemiological changes are not clear, although population-based data have implicated gastro-oesophageal reflux disease as a risk factor. In susceptible individuals reflux of duodeno-gastric contents can lead to the development of a columnar-lined oesophagus, commonly called Barrett's oesophagus. This can then progress to adenocarcinoma via a metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence. At the current time, the mortality from oesophageal adenocarcinoma exceeds 80% at 5 years. Therefore, endoscopic surveillance programmes have been generally recommended for patients with Barrett's oesophagus in an attempt to detect early, curable lesions. Unfortunately these programmes are cumbersome and costly and have not yet been proved to reduce population mortality. In order to improve patient outcomes we need to be able to identify patients at high risk and to understand the triggers for disease progression. There is mounting evidence that there is an underlying genetic susceptibility to Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma. However, this is likely to be as a result of multiple low penetrance susceptibility genes which have yet to be identified. Once patients are identified as having Barrett's oesophagus their chance for developing adenocarcinoma is in the order of 0.5%-1% per year. The histological assessment of dysplasia as a predictor of cancer development is highly subjective. Therefore multiple, specific somatic mutations in the tissue have been investigated as potential biomarkers. The most promising markers to date are the presence of aneuploidy, loss of heterozygosity of p53 and cyclin D1 overexpression. However, a study of evolutionary relationships suggest that mutations occur in no obligate order. Combinatorial approaches are therefore being advocated which include genomic profiling or the use of a panel of molecular markers in order to define the common molecular signatures that can then be used to predict malignant progression. An alternative approach would be to use markers for the final common pathway following genetic instability, which is the loss of proliferative control. We have demonstrated an increase in the expression of a novel proliferation marker, Mcm2, which occurs during the malignant progression of Barrett's oesophagus. These Mcm2-expressing cells are detectable on the surface, and hence a cytological approach may be applicable. In view of the role of reflux components in the pathogenesis of Barrett's oesophagus the effect of acid and bile on the cell phenotype have been studied. These studies have demonstrated that pulsatile acid and bile exposure induce cell proliferation. The mechanism for the hyperproliferative response appears to involve p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways as well as protein kinase C (PKC) and cyclo-oxygenases. A clinical implication of the laboratory studies is that suppression of acid and bile may need to be profound in order to suppress cell proliferation and, by inference, ultimately prevent the development of dysplasia. There is some support for this concept from short-term clinical studies, and a large randomised chemoprevention trial is being instigated which will evaluate the effect of proton pump inhibitors with or without aspirin. Given the epidemic increase in oesophageal adenocarcinoma and the dismal 5-year mortality rate, a radical approach is necessary to prevent cancer development in individuals with pre-malignant lesions. Descriptors Adenocarcinoma/genetics/prevention & control, Esophageal Neoplasms/genetics/prevention & control, Genetic Markers, Genetic Testing, Genetics, Population, Humans, Neoplasm Proteins/genetics, Risk Factors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Fitzgerald,R. C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Elemental carbon and respirable particulate matter in the indoor air of apartments and nursery schools and ambient air in Berlin (Germany)	2005	Bayerisches Landesamt fur Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit, Oberschleissheim, Germany. hermann.fromme@lgl.bayem.de	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Indoor air Periodical, Abbrev. Indoor Air Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 15 Issue 5 Start Page 335 Other Pages 341 Notes LR: 20130520; JID: 9423515; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Smoke); 0 (Solvents); 0 (Vehicle Emissions); 7440-44-0 (Carbon); ppublish Place of Publication Denmark ISSN/ISBN 0905-6947; 0905-6947 Accession Number PMID: 16108906 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI INA377 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16108906 Abstract This study was performed to examine exposure to typical carcinogenic traffic air pollutants in the city center of an urban area. In all, 123 apartments and 74 nursery schools were analyzed with and without tobacco smoke interference and the households in two measuring periods. Simultaneously, the air outside 61 apartment windows as well as the average daily traffic volume were measured. Elemental carbon (EC), the marker for particulate diesel exhaust and respirable particulate matter (RPM) were determined. The thermographic EC analysis was conducted with and without prior solvent extraction of the soluble carbon fraction. Comparison of these two thermographic EC measurements clearly showed that method-related differences in the results, especially for indoor measurements, when high background loads of organic material were present (e.g. tobacco smoke), existed. Solvent extraction prior to EC determination was therefore appropriate. For the first winter measuring period, the EC concentration levels without solvent extraction in the indoor air were about 50% higher than those measured in the spring/summer period. In the second measuring period (i.e. spring/summer), the median EC concentrations after solvent extraction were 1.9 microg/m3 for smokers' apartments and 2.1 microg/m3 for non-smokers' apartments, with RPM concentrations of 57 and 27 microg/m3, respectively. Nursery schools showed high concentrations with median values of 53 microg/m3 for RPM and 2.9 microg/m3 for EC after solvent extraction. A significant correlation between the fine dust and EC concentrations (after solvent extraction) in the indoor and ambient air was determined. Outdoor EC values were also correlated with the average daily traffic volume. The EC ratios between indoor and ambient concentration showed a median of 0.8 (range: 0.3-4.2) in non-smoker households and 0.9 (range: 0.4-1.5) in smoker apartments. Furthermore, the EC/RPM ratio in indoor and ambient air was 0.01-0.15 (median 0.06) and 0.04-0.37 (median 0.09), respectively. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: In the absence of indoor sources a significant correlation with regard to respirable particulate matter (RPM) and elemental carbon concentrations between the indoor and ambient air of apartments was observed. The high degree of certainty resulting from this correlation underscores the importance of ambient air concentrations for indoor air quality. In nursery schools we found higher concentrations of RPM. An explanation of these results could be the high number of occupants in the room, their activity and the cleaning intensity. Descriptors Adult, Air Pollutants/adverse effects/analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor/adverse effects/analysis, Carbon/analysis, Child, Preschool, Germany, Housing, Humans, Schools, Nursery, Smoke/adverse effects/analysis, Solvents, Vehicle Emissions/adverse effects/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Fromme,H., Lahrz,T., Hainsch,A., Oddoy,A., Piloty,M., Ruden,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Patent foramen ovale and diving	2005	Centre for Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy, Military Hospital Brussels, Bruynstraat 200, Brussels 1120, Belgium. peter.germonpre@mil.be	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Cardiology clinics Periodical, Abbrev. Cardiol.Clin. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 23 Issue 1 Start Page 97 Other Pages 104 Notes LR: 20091103; JID: 8300331; RF: 60; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0733-8651; 0733-8651 Accession Number PMID: 15676273 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review; IM DOI S0733-8651(04)00082-7 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15676273 Abstract Patency of the foramen ovale is a risk factor for DCS in SCUBA divers, even if they adhere to the currently accepted and used decompression tables. The primary cause of DCS, however, is the nitrogen bubble, not the PFO. There are a number of techniques any diver can use to minimize the occurrence of nitrogen bubbles after a dive. The authors current practice is to inform civilian sports divers of the increased risk and to advise them to adopt conservative dive profiles. This can be achieved by selecting a more conservative dive computer, performing only dives that do not require obligatory decompression stops, or using oxygen-enriched breathing gas mixtures("nitrox") while still diving on "air profiles" [56].Dive-safety organizations are currently under-taking studies aimed at proposing changes in the decompression algorithms to produce low-bubble dive tables [12]. In the meantime, PFO remains a reason for caution. Whether all divers should be screened for PFOis an ongoing discussion [50] in view of methodologic and practical issues outlined in this article. Any definitive recommendations can be made only after a careful, prospective evaluation of the real relative risk for DCS and long-term cerebral damage. Descriptors Decompression Sickness/epidemiology/physiopathology, Diving/adverse effects, Embolism/etiology/physiopathology, Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/epidemiology/physiopathology, Humans, Risk Factors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Germonpre,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Primary research on indoor air concentration of particulate matter in residential house and its relationship with ambient pollution level	2005	Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Wei sheng yan jiu = Journal of hygiene research Periodical, Abbrev. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 34 Issue 4 Start Page 407 Other Pages 409 Notes JID: 9426367; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Particulate Matter); ppublish Place of Publication China ISSN/ISBN 1000-8020; 1000-8020 Accession Number PMID: 16229259 Language chi SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16229259 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To investigate the indoor air concentration of particulate matter in residential house and its relationship with ambient pollution level. METHODS: Indoor and outdoor air level of PM2.5 and PM10 were monitored in 10 residential houses in downtown area. RESULTS: In the non-heating period, the indoor air level of PM2.5 and PM10 were 27.0 - 272.9 microg/m3 and 42.9 - 309.6 microg/m3, respectively. In the heating period, PM2.5 and PM10 were 20.7 - 251.4 microg/m3 and 34.0 - 283.9 microg/m3, respectively. There were good correlation between the indoor air concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10. The relationships between the indoor and outdoor air concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10, however, were not clear. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that there were serious indoor air pollution of particulate matter in residential house. Further research will be needed to clarify the characteristics of indoor air particulate matter pollution and its influence on resident. Descriptors Air Pollutants/analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, China, Environmental Exposure/analysis, Environmental Monitoring, Housing, Particle Size, Particulate Matter/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Zhang,Y., Li,X. Y., Jiang,L. J., Wei,J. R., Sheng,X., Liu,Y., Guo,X. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Differences in ERK activation in squamous mucosa in patients who have gastroesophageal reflux disease with and without Barrett's esophagus	2005	Department of Medicine, Dallas VA Medical Center, University of Texas-Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The American Journal of Gastroenterology Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Gastroenterol. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 100 Issue 3 Start Page 551 Other Pages 559 Notes LR: 20150923; GR: DK63621/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: HL61897/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; GR: HL67256/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DK063621/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 HL061897/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 HL0 Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0002-9270; 0002-9270 Accession Number PMID: 15743351 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI AJG41122 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15743351 Abstract OBJECTIVES: In some patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), the reflux-damaged esophageal squamous epithelium heals through the process of intestinal metaplasia (resulting in Barrett's esophagus) rather than through the regeneration of more squamous cells. We hypothesized that squamous epithelium in Barrett's esophagus might have abnormalities in activation of the extracellular-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway that may facilitate esophageal repair through metaplasia in response to acid-induced injury. METHODS: Endoscopic biopsies were taken from distal esophageal squamous mucosa in patients who had GERD with and without Barrett's esophagus and in controls, before and after esophageal perfusion with 0.1 N HCl acid. Basal ERK1/2 phosphorylation, acid-induced ERK1/2 activity and phosphorylation, and localization of phosphorylated ERK1/2 were determined using immunoblotting, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Compared to patients with Barrett's esophagus, patients with GERD exhibited significantly lower baseline levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 expression (35 +/- 4%vs 90 +/- 21% control, p= 0.01) Acid exposure significantly increased ERK1/2 activity (346.6 +/- 51.90 to 446.8 +/- 62.44 RIU, p= 0.02) and phosphorylation (3.55 +/- 1.26 to 4.49 +/- 1.25 [ratio phospho/total ERK], p= 0.01) in the squamous mucosa of GERD patients, but not in those with Barrett's esophagus or in controls. CONCLUSIONS: Between patients with Barrett's esophagus and patients with uncomplicated GERD, there are significant differences in baseline levels and in acid-induced activation of ERK1/2 in esophageal squamous epithelium. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a molecular, phenotypic feature that distinguishes the esophageal squamous mucosa of GERD patients with and without Barrett's esophagus. Descriptors Adult, Aged, Barrett Esophagus/complications/enzymology, Biopsy, Blotting, Western, Enzyme Activation, Female, Gastroesophageal Reflux/enzymology, Humans, Immunoblotting, Immunohistochemistry, Male, Metaplasia, Middle Aged, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism, Mucous Membrane/enzymology, Phosphorylation, Signal Transduction/physiology, Tissue Distribution Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Souza,R. F., Shewmake,K. L., Shen,Y., Ramirez,R. D., Bullock,J. S., Hladik,C. L., Lee,E. L., Terada,L. S., Spechler,S. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Group behaviour therapy programmes for smoking cessation	2005	Department of Primary Health Care, Oxford University, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford, UK, OX3 7LF. lindsay.stead@dphpc.ox.ac.uk	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 18-Apr Volume -2 Issue 2 Start Page CD001007 Other Pages Notes LR: 20130628; JID: 100909747; RF: 117; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 15846610 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD001007.pub2 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15846610 Abstract BACKGROUND: Group therapy offers individuals the opportunity to learn behavioural techniques for smoking cessation, and to provide each other with mutual support. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine the effects of smoking cessation programmes delivered in a group format compared to self-help materials, or to no intervention; to compare the effectiveness of group therapy and individual counselling; and to determine the effect of adding group therapy to advice from a health professional or to nicotine replacement. We also aimed to determine whether specific components increased the effectiveness of group therapy. We aimed to determine the rate at which offers of group therapy are taken up. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Trials Register, with additional searches of MEDLINE and PsycINFO, including the terms behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, psychotherapy or group therapy, in January 2005. SELECTION CRITERIA: We considered randomized trials that compared group therapy with self help, individual counselling, another intervention or no intervention (including usual care or a waiting list control). We also considered trials that compared more than one group programme. We included those trials with a minimum of two group meetings, and follow up of smoking status at least six months after the start of the programme. We excluded trials in which group therapy was provided to both active therapy and placebo arms of trials of pharmacotherapies, unless they had a factorial design. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data in duplicate on the participants, the interventions provided to the groups and the controls, including programme length, intensity and main components, the outcome measures, method of randomization, and completeness of follow up. The main outcome measure was abstinence from smoking after at least six months follow up in patients smoking at baseline. We used the most rigorous definition of abstinence in each trial, and biochemically validated rates where available. Subjects lost to follow up were analyzed as continuing smokers. Where possible, we performed meta-analysis using a fixed-effects (Mantel-Haenszel) model. MAIN RESULTS: A total of 55 trials met inclusion criteria for one or more of the comparisons in the review. Sixteen studies compared a group programme with a self-help programme. There was an increase in cessation with the use of a group programme (N = 4395, odds ratio (OR) 2.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.60 to 2.60). Group programmes were more effective than no intervention controls (seven trials, N = 815, OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.37 to 3.45). There was no evidence that group therapy was more effective than a similar intensity of individual counselling. There was limited evidence that the addition of group therapy to other forms of treatment, such as advice from a health professional or nicotine replacement, produced extra benefit. There was variation in the extent to which those offered group therapy accepted the treatment. There was limited evidence that programmes which included components for increasing cognitive and behavioural skills and avoiding relapse were more effective than same length or shorter programmes without these components. This analysis was sensitive to the way in which one study with multiple conditions was included. We did not find an effect of manipulating the social interactions between participants in a group programme on outcome. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Group therapy is better for helping people stop smoking than self help, and other less intensive interventions. There is not enough evidence to evaluate whether groups are more effective, or cost-effective, than intensive individual counselling. There is not enough evidence to support the use of particular psychological components in a programme beyond the support and skills training normally included. Descriptors Behavior Therapy/methods, Humans, Program Evaluation, Psychotherapy, Group, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Smoking/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation/methods Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Stead,L. F., Lancaster,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20050418 PMCID Editors
The association of body mass index with Barrett's oesophagus	2005	Southern Arizona VA Healthcare System and University of Arizona Health Science Center, Tucson, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics Periodical, Abbrev. Aliment.Pharmacol.Ther. Pub Date Free Form 15-Nov Volume 22 Issue 10 Start Page 1005 Other Pages 1010 Notes LR: 20160803; JID: 8707234; CIN: Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Apr 1;23(7):1027; author reply 1027-8. PMID: 16573806; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0269-2813; 0269-2813 Accession Number PMID: 16268976 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI APT2674 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16268976 Abstract BACKGROUND: Obesity has been linked to gastro-oesophageal reflux disease symptoms and oesophageal adenocarcinoma; however, there is no published evidence for an association with Barrett's oesophagus. AIM: To investigate the association between obesity and Barrett's oesophagus. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of patients who underwent upper endoscopy at the Southern Arizona Veteran's Affairs Healthcare System between 1998 and 2004. We examined male patients without malignancy, with available information on weight and height. Based on endoscopic and histological findings, patients were classified as cases with Barrett's oesophagus or non-cases without Barrett's oesophagus. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association of body mass index and obesity with Barrett's oesophagus and Barrett's oesophagus length while adjusting for age and race. RESULTS: There were 65 cases with Barrett's oesophagus and 385 non-cases without Barrett's oesophagus. The mean body mass index was significantly higher in cases than in non-cases (29.8 vs. 28.0, P = 0.03). Cases had significantly greater mean weight than controls (206 lb vs. 190,P = 0.005). The proportions of cases with body mass index 25-30 and body mass index > or =30 were greater than those in non-cases (44.6% vs. 37.7%) and (40.0% vs. 33.5%), respectively (P = 0.08). In the multivariable logistic regression model adjusting for race and age, when compared with body mass index or =30. When examined as a continuous variable the adjusted odd ratio for each five-point increase in body mass index was 1.35 (95% confidence interval: 1.06-1.71, P = 0.01). The association between weight and Barrett's oesophagus was also statistically significant (adjusted odd ratio for each 10 pound increase = 1.10, 1.03-1.17, P =0.002). Among the 65 cases of Barrett's oesophagus, there was no correlation between the length of Barrett's oesophagus at the time of diagnosis and the body mass index (correlation coefficient = 0.03, P = 0.79). CONCLUSION: This retrospective cross-sectional study in male veterans shows that overweight is associated with a two-and-half-fold increased risk of Barrett's oesophagus. Larger studies of the underlying mechanism are warranted to better understand how and why obese patients are at greater risk for Barrett's oesophagus. Descriptors Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Barrett Esophagus/etiology, Body Mass Index, Epidemiologic Methods, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity/complications Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Stein,D. J., El-Serag,H. B., Kuczynski,J., Kramer,J. R., Sampliner,R. E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Identification of predominant lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditionally fermented vegetable products of the Eastern Himalayas	2005	Department of Botany, Sikkim Government College, Gangtok, Sikkim 737 102, India.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of food microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Food Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form 15-Dec Volume 105 Issue 3 Start Page 347 Other Pages 356 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 8412849; 2004/10/05 [received]; 2005/01/22 [revised]; 2005/04/20 [accepted]; 2005/08/01 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0168-1605; 0168-1605 Accession Number PMID: 16055218 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI S0168-1605(05)00335-1 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16055218 Abstract Gundruk, sinki and khalpi are lactic-fermented vegetable products of Sikkim in India, and inziangsang is a fermented leafy vegetable product of Nagaland and Manipur in India. A total of 65 samples of gundruk (25), sinki (12), khalpi (25) and inziangsang (3) were analysed for microbial counts. The population of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as well as aerobic mesophilic counts were at the level of 10(7) cfu g(-1). Yeasts were detected only in few samples of sinki and khalpi. No moulds were detected. In order to identify the predominating organisms, a total of 269 strains of LAB were isolated from gundruk, sinki, khalpi and inziangsang samples. The phenotypic characteristics of these strains were determined followed by genotyping using RAPD-PCR, repetitive element PCR and species-specific PCR techniques. The major representatives of the LAB involved in these fermentations were identified as Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Pediococcus acidilactici and Leuconostoc fallax. Descriptors Colony Count, Microbial, Fermentation, Food Microbiology, Genotype, Humans, India, Lactobacillus/classification/isolation & purification, Leuconostoc/classification/isolation & purification, Pediococcus/classification/isolation & purification, Phenotype, Phylogeny, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique, Vegetables/microbiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Tamang,J. P., Tamang,B., Schillinger,U., Franz,C. M., Gores,M., Holzapfel,W. H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20050801 PMCID Editors

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