Image
WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year Sort ascending | Author | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intention to quit smoking, attempts to quit, and successful quitting among Hong Kong Chinese smokers: population prevalence and predictors | 2005 | Department of Community Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 5/F Academic Block, New Medical Complex, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
American Journal of Health promotion : AJHP
Periodical, Abbrev.
Am.J.Health Promot.
Pub Date Free Form
May-Jun
Volume
19
Issue
5
Start Page
346
Other Pages
354
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 8701680; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
0890-1171; 0890-1171
Accession Number
PMID: 15895537
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; T
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
15895537
Abstract
PURPOSE: To assess the prevalence of each step in the smoking-cessation process (intention to quit, attempts to quit, and successful quitting) and to examine the factors associated with them among Chinese smokers. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey of subjects from randomly selected households. SETTING: Four thousand one hundred forty-two households in Hong Kong. SUBJECTS: A total of 11,779 persons, aged 15 years or older, were enumerated (response rate = 74.0%). MEASURES: A validated structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire sought information on the subject's sociodemographic background, smoking habits, and workplace attitude to smoking. The predictors for successful quitting, past quitting attempts, and intention to quit were assessed by chi2 tests and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Of the respondents, 14.4% were current smokers, 7.5% were ex-smokers, and 78.1% were nonsmokers. Of the daily smokers, 52% intended to quit. The factors associated with quitting were being married, being in the student/retired/others category, being older, having received higher education, not smoking to kill time, and smoking because of curiosity. Being married and not smoking to kill time were associated with past quitting attempts. Being male, married, and not smoking to kill time were associated with the intention to quit smoking. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate that differing predictors may contribute to the different transitional stages of smoking cessation. Population-based smoking-cessation programs should take these predictors into consideration in the design of interventions.
Descriptors
Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Promotion, Hong Kong/epidemiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Population Surveillance/methods, Prevalence, Smoking/epidemiology, Smoking Cessation/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Social Class, Surveys and Questionnaires
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Abdullah,A. S., Yam,H. K.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
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| Differential response to preoperative chemoradiation and surgery in esophageal adenocarcinomas based on presence of Barrett's esophagus and symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux | 2005 | Department of Gastrointestinal Medicine and Nutrition, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA. agarwalb@slu.edu | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery
Periodical, Abbrev.
Ann.Thorac.Surg.
Pub Date Free Form
May
Volume
79
Issue
5
Start Page
1716
Other Pages
1723
Notes
LR: 20061115; JID: 15030100R; 2004/10/18 [accepted]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1552-6259; 0003-4975
Accession Number
PMID: 15854962
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; AIM; IM
DOI
S0003-4975(04)02128-9 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
15854962
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Barrett's esophagus and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are recognized to predispose to esophageal adenocarcinoma. Abdel-Latif and colleagues recently suggested that esophageal adenocarcinoma patients with GERD might be resistant to multimodality treatment. In this study, we investigated potential differences in clinical outcomes in esophageal adenocarcinoma patients based on the presence of identifiable Barrett's mucosa and/or history of symptomatic GERD. METHODS: Eighty-four patients with resectable esophageal adenocarcinoma, who completed the planned preoperative chemoradiation and underwent a potentially curative esophageal resection were retrospectively evaluated. Postoperative survival was compared between patients with or without underlying Barrett's esophagus and history of symptomatic GERD. Patients with pathologic complete response (path CR) and those with partial or no response (path PR) were compared to determine if presence of Barrett's esophagus and history of symptomatic GERD influence the path CR rates. RESULTS: We found significantly lower postoperative survival in patients with Barrett's associated adenocarcinoma (vs adenocarcinoma arising de novo, p = 0.031) and patients with symptomatic GERD (vs patients without symptomatic GERD, p = 0.019). Furthermore, the subset of patients with path PR (vs path CR) after chemoradiation have a significantly higher proportion of patients with Barrett's esophagus (HR = 4.38, confidence interval [CI] = 1.39 to 13.83, p = 0.012) and patients with GERD (HR = 2.71, CI = 1.13 to 6.50, p = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma may have differences in response to preoperative chemoradiation based on the presence of Barrett's esophagus and history of symptomatic GERD.
Descriptors
Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy/mortality/pathology/radiotherapy/surgery, Adult, Aged, Barrett Esophagus/complications, Combined Modality Therapy, Confidence Intervals, Esophageal Neoplasms/drug therapy/mortality/pathology/radiotherapy/surgery, Female, Gastroesophageal Reflux/complications, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Retrospective Studies, Survival Analysis, Treatment Outcome
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Agarwal,B., Swisher,S. G., Ajani,J., Kelly,K., Komaki,R. R., Abu-Hamda,E., Correa,A. M., Roth,J. A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Knowledge, attitude and believes of Nargila (hubble-bubble) smoking in Iraq | 2005 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of the Bahrain Medical Society
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Bahrain Med.Soc.
Pub Date Free Form
2005/04
Volume
17
Issue
2
Start Page
128
Other Pages
134
Notes
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
1015-6321
Accession Number
Language
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
Aim: To study the knowledge, attitude and practice of smoking Nargila. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 200 male smokers from different parts of Iraq. Results: The study showed that the highest rate was among youth aged 20-39 years and negatively correlated with the level of education. The cost ranged between 250-15,000 ID per weak and the average time spent for each smoking was 30 minutes. The study revealed that 90% of the sample prefer Nargila smoking than cigarette, because they believed it is less harmful, due to passage of smoke through water, and more enjoyable. Less than 10% used a disposable tip while the rest shared the same tip with their friends and even with worker responsible for preparing Nargilas. Moreover, about half of the sample declared that they were unwilling to quit from the habit. A Preliminary test of especially manufactured smoking machine showed that the amount of tar and nicotine precipitated from the Nargila smoke might be more than that expected and that declared by manufacturers. Conclusions: The study pointed out the importance of changing the wrong belives knowledge towards Nargila and arrange a suitable health education programme to highlight its harmful effect on the health of smokers.
Descriptors
nicotine, tar, academic achievement, adult, age distribution, article, attitude, health education, human, Iraq, male, normal human, smoking
Links
Book Title
Database
Embase
Publisher
Data Source
Embase
Authors
Al-Dabbagh,S., Al-Sinjari,K. M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| In vitro activity of caspofungin compared to amphotericin B, fluconazole, and itraconazole against Candida strains isolated in a Turkish University Hospital | 2005 | Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey. sarikan@metu.edu.tr | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Medical mycology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Med.Mycol.
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
43
Issue
2
Start Page
171
Other Pages
178
Notes
LR: 20131213; JID: 9815835; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Peptides, Cyclic); 304NUG5GF4 (Itraconazole); 7XU7A7DROE (Amphotericin B); 8VZV102JFY (Fluconazole); F0XDI6ZL63 (caspofungin); ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1369-3786; 1369-3786
Accession Number
PMID: 15832560
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
15832560
Abstract
We investigated the in vitro activity of caspofungin compared to amphotericin B, fluconazole, and itraconazole against clinical strains of Candida spp. (n =239). Antifungal susceptibility tests were done in accordance with NCCLS M27-A2 microdilution method and the results were read after 24 and 48 h. In general, 24 h MIC readings were similar to those at 48 h for most isolates and all antifungal agents. Caspofungin was active against all species tested. Caspofungin MICs of Candida parapsilosis were slightly higher than those for other Candida spp. Caspofungin MIC (microg/ml) ranges at 24 h for C. albicans, C. glabrata, C tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C kefyr, C krusei, C. lusitaniae, C. norvegensis, C. guilliermondii and C. lipolytica were 0.06-2, 0.125-2, 0.125-2, 1-4, 0.125-2, 1-2, 0.5-2, 0.5-1, 0.5-2 and 1-2, respectively. Eagle (paradoxical) effect was observed in 31 and 8% of the isolates at highest concentrations of caspofungin and itraconazole, respectively. The activity of caspofungin against fluconazole- and/or itraconazole-resistant isolates was similar to that detected for the susceptible ones. We conclude that caspofungin appears as a promising antifungal agent with enhanced activity against Candida, including the azole-resistant strains.
Descriptors
Amphotericin B/pharmacology, Antifungal Agents/pharmacology, Candida/drug effects/isolation & purification, Candidiasis/microbiology, Echinocandins, Fluconazole/pharmacology, Hospitals, University, Itraconazole/pharmacology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacology, Turkey
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Arikan,S., Sancak,B., Hascelik,G.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Comparison of patterns of use, beliefs, and attitudes related to waterpipe between beginning and established smokers | 2005 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
BMC Public Health
Periodical, Abbrev.
BMC Public Health
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
5
Issue
Start Page
19
Other Pages
19
Notes
ID: 15733316
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
en
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
BACKGROUND: To compare patterns of use, beliefs, and attitudes related to waterpipe smoking between university students (beginning smokers) and cafe customers (established smokers) in Aleppo Syria, in order to explore the evolution of this smoking method. METHODS: Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted among representative samples of university students (total 587, 48.4% men, mean age 22 years), and waterpipe users among cafe' customers (total 268, 60% men, mean age 30 years) in Aleppo, Syria. We used interviewer-administered questionnaire inquiring about pattern of waterpipe smoking (initiation, frequency), situational characteristics of use (partner, place, sharing), beliefs related to waterpipe smoking (harmful/addictive properties of waterpipe), attitudes related to waterpipe smoking (confidence in quitting, will to quit, motivation for quitting, past year quit attempt), and cigarette smoking. RESULTS: Daily and regular patterns of smoking become more prevalent with increased duration of smoking, but intermittent smoking remains the predominant pattern of waterpipe use. Women seem to be drawn later to the habit, which seem to escape the usual taboo against women's cigarette smoking. Patterns and context of waterpipe use tend to change with progress of the practice affecting frequency, setting, and sharing of waterpipe. Unlike beginners, established waterpipe smokers seem more smoking-method oriented, more hooked on the habit, less willing to quit, and less likely to foresee challenges to quitting. CONCLUSION: Use patterns and attitudes related to waterpipe smoking evolve to accommodate the change in dependence and life circumstances of the smoker. Most of use features, beliefs, attitudes, as well as time-course seem unique to this smoking method requiring novel approach to intervention.
Descriptors
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Restaurants, Smoking/psychology, Social Perception, Students/psychology, Universities, Activities of Daily Living/psychology, Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Sex Factors, Smoking/adverse effects, Smoking/epidemiology, Questionnaires, Syria/epidemiology, Time Factors, Water
Links
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC553967/?tool=pubmed
Book Title
Database
MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Asfar,Taghrid, Ward,Kenneth D., Eissenberg,Thomas, Maziak,Wasim
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Bonding orthodontic brackets to porcelain using different adhesives/enamel conditioners: a comparative study | 2005 | Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, 220 Dental Science S, Iowa City, IA 52242-1001, USA Linda-keller@uiowa.edu | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
World journal of orthodontics
Periodical, Abbrev.
World J.Orthod.
Pub Date Free Form
Spring
Volume
6
Issue
1
Start Page
17
Other Pages
24
Notes
LR: 20131121; JID: 100959981; 0 (Composite Resins); 0 (Cyanoacrylates); 0 (Phosphoric Acids); 0 (Resin Cements); 0 (Silanes); 0 (Smartbond); 12001-21-7 (Dental Porcelain); 135669-49-7 (Transbond); 454I75YXY0 (Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate); RGL5YE86CZ
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1530-5678; 1530-5678
Accession Number
PMID: 15794038
Language
eng
SubFile
Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; D; IM
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
15794038
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the use of new adhesive/primer materials, including an experimental self-etch primer and a cyanocrylate adhesive, to enhance the shear strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to porcelain surfaces. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty porcelain maxillary central incisor teeth were used. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups: group 1, teeth were etched with 37% phosphoric acid and the brackets were bonded with a composite adhesive; group 2, teeth were microetched, hydrofluoric acid and silane applied, and then the brackets were bonded with a composite adhesive; group 3, an acid-etch primer was used, then the brackets were bonded with the same composite adhesive as in the first 2 groups; group 4, teeth were etched with 35% phosphoric acid and the brackets were bonded with the cyanoacrylate adhesive. RESULTS: The analysis of variance comparing the groups tested (F = 9.446) indicated that there was a significant difference between the 4 groups. The cyanoacrylate adhesive had the lowest shear bond strength (mean = 1.7 +/- 2.1 MPa), followed by the conventional bonding using a 37% phosphoric acid etch and composite (mean = 2.1 +/- 1.2 MPa). The use of Transbond after microetching, with the application of hydrofluoric acid and silane, provided the highest shear bond strength (mean = 5.5 +/- 2.7 MPa). Transbond used with the acid etch-primer had a lower bond strength (mean = 3.8 +/- 2.5 MPa), but was not significantly different from the microetch/hydrofluoric acid/silane group. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that the use of a phosphoric acid etch with either a cyanoacrylate or composite adhesive to bond orthodontic brackets to porcelain surfaces produced significantly lower shear bond strength. Self-etch primers produced higher but less consistent shear bond strength for bonding orthodontic brackets. The most reliable bonding procedure to porcelain surfaces is through microetching with the use of hydrofluoric acid and a silane coupler before bonding, but this also produces the greatest damage to the porcelain surface.
Descriptors
Acid Etching, Dental/methods, Air Abrasion, Dental, Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate/chemistry, Composite Resins/chemistry, Cyanoacrylates/chemistry, Dental Bonding, Dental Enamel, Dental Porcelain/chemistry, Humans, Hydrofluoric Acid/chemistry, Materials Testing, Orthodontic Brackets, Phosphoric Acids/chemistry, Resin Cements/chemistry, Shear Strength, Silanes/chemistry, Stress, Mechanical, Surface Properties
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Bishara,S. E., Ajlouni,R., Oonsombat,C., Laffoon,J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Legionella contamination in hot water of Italian hotels | 2005 | Department of Hygiene and Microbiology, Via Campi, 287, I-41100 Modena, Italy. borella.paola@unimore.it | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Appl.Environ.Microbiol.
Pub Date Free Form
Oct
Volume
71
Issue
10
Start Page
5805
Other Pages
5813
Notes
LR: 20140605; JID: 7605801; OID: NLM: PMC1265926; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
0099-2240; 0099-2240
Accession Number
PMID: 16204491
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
71/10/5805 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
16204491
Abstract
A cross-sectional multicenter survey of Italian hotels was conducted to investigate Legionella spp. contamination of hot water. Chemical parameters (hardness, free chlorine concentration, and trace element concentrations), water systems, and building characteristics were evaluated to study risk factors for colonization. The hot water systems of Italian hotels were strongly colonized by Legionella; 75% of the buildings examined and 60% of the water samples were contaminated, mainly at levels of > or =10(3) CFU liter(-1), and Legionella pneumophila was the most frequently isolated species (87%). L. pneumophila serogroup 1 was isolated from 45.8% of the contaminated sites and from 32.5% of the hotels examined. When a multivariate logistic model was used, only hotel age was associated with contamination, but the risk factors differed depending on the contaminating species and serogroup. Soft water with higher chlorine levels and higher temperatures were associated with L. pneumophila serogroup 1 colonization, whereas the opposite was observed for serogroups 2 to 14. In conclusion, Italian hotels, particularly those located in old buildings, represent a major source of risk for Legionnaires' disease due to the high frequency of Legionella contamination, high germ concentration, and major L. pneumophila serogroup 1 colonization. The possible role of chlorine in favoring the survival of Legionella species is discussed.
Descriptors
Colony Count, Microbial, Fresh Water/chemistry/microbiology, Hot Temperature, Italy, Legionella/classification/genetics/isolation & purification, Legionella pneumophila/classification/genetics/isolation & purification, Regression Analysis, Serotyping, Travel, Water Pollution, Water Supply
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Borella,P., Montagna,M. T., Stampi,S., Stancanelli,G., Romano-Spica,V., Triassi,M., Marchesi,I., Bargellini,A., Tato,D., Napoli,C., Zanetti,F., Leoni,E., Moro,M., Scaltriti,S., Ribera D'Alcala,G., Santarpia,R., Boccia,S.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
PMC1265926
Editors
|
|||
| Clinical management of patients and deceased during the Ebola outbreak from October to December 2003 in Republic of Congo | 2005 | (Ministere de la sante et de la population, Brazzaville, Congo. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Bulletin de la Societe de pathologie exotique (1990)
Periodical, Abbrev.
Bull.Soc.Pathol.Exot.
Pub Date Free Form
Sep
Volume
98
Issue
3
Start Page
218
Other Pages
223
Notes
LR: 20081121; JID: 9212564; 0 (Analgesics, Non-Narcotic); 0 (Medical Waste Disposal); ppublish
Place of Publication
France
ISSN/ISBN
0037-9085; 0037-9085
Accession Number
PMID: 16267964
Language
fre
SubFile
English Abstract; Journal Article; IM
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
16267964
Abstract
Outbreaks of Ebola virus hemorrhagic fever (EVHF) have been reported since 2001 in the Cuvette Ouest department, a forested area located in the Western North of Congo. At the end of October 2003 a new alarm came from this department which was quickly confirmed as being an epidemic of EVHF. The outbreak response was organized by the ministry of health with the assistance of an international team under the aegis of WHO. The case management of suspect cases was done in an isolation ward set up at the hospital; when patients refused to go to the ward for care they were isolated in their house according to a protocol "transmission risks reduction at home". Safe burials were performed by specialized teams which respected the major aspects of the funeral to allow the process of mourning of the families. An active surveillance system was set up in order to organize the detection of new cases and the follow-up of their contacts. A case definition was adopted. From October 11 to December 2, 2003, 35 cases including 29 deaths were reported, 16 cases were laboratory confirmed. The first four cases had been exposed to monkey meat (Cercopithecus nictitans). The epidemic spread was due to family transmission. The population interpretation of the disease, in particular questions around wizards and evil-minded persons, is a factor which must be taken into account by the medical teams during communication meetings for behavioral change of the populations. The case management of patient in isolation wards to prevent the transmission of the virus in the community remains the most effective means to dam up Ebola virus hemorrhagic fever outbreaks. The good perception by the community of the safe funerary procedures is an important aspect in the establishment of confidence relations with the local population.
Descriptors
Adolescent, Adult, Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/therapeutic use, Animals, Attitude to Death, Attitude to Health, Case Management/organization & administration, Cercopithecus/virology, Child, Child, Preschool, Congo/epidemiology, Containment of Biohazards, Culture, Dehydration/etiology/prevention & control, Disease Outbreaks, Disease Transmission, Infectious/prevention & control, Female, Fluid Therapy, Food Microbiology, Funeral Rites, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology/mortality/prevention & control/psychology/transmission, Humans, Infant, International Cooperation, Male, Meat/adverse effects/virology, Medical Waste Disposal, Middle Aged, Mobile Health Units, Patient Isolation, Population Surveillance, Quarantine, World Health Organization
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Boumandouki,P., Formenty,P., Epelboin,A., Campbell,P., Atsangandoko,C., Allarangar,Y., Leroy,E. M., Kone,M. L., Molamou,A., Dinga-Longa,O., Salemo,A., Kounkou,R. Y., Mombouli,V., Ibara,J. R., Gaturuku,P., Nkunku,S., Lucht,A., Feldmann,H.
Original/Translated Title
Prise en charge des malades et des defunts lors de l'epidemie de fievre hemorragique due au virus Ebola d'octobre a decembre 2003 au Congo
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| A single air dive reduces arterial endothelial function in man | 2005 | Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. alfb@ntnu.no | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The Journal of physiology
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Physiol.
Pub Date Free Form
1-Aug
Volume
566
Issue
Pt 3
Start Page
901
Other Pages
906
Notes
LR: 20140606; JID: 0266262; 0 (Gases); OID: NLM: PMC1464788; 2005/06/16 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
0022-3751; 0022-3751
Accession Number
PMID: 15961424
Language
eng
SubFile
Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
jphysiol.2005.089862 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
15961424
Abstract
During and after decompression from dives, gas bubbles are regularly observed in the right ventricular outflow tract. A number of studies have documented that these bubbles can lead to endothelial dysfunction in the pulmonary artery but no data exist on the effect of diving on arterial endothelial function. The present study investigated if diving or oxygen breathing would influence endothelial arterial function in man. A total of 21 divers participated in this study. Nine healthy experienced male divers with a mean age of 31 +/- 5 years were compressed in a hyperbaric chamber to 280 kPa at a rate of 100 kPa min(-1) breathing air and remaining at pressure for 80 min. The ascent rate during decompression was 9 kPa min(-1) with a 7 min stop at 130 kPa (US Navy procedure). Another group of five experienced male divers (31 +/- 6 years) breathed 60% oxygen (corresponding to the oxygen tension of air at 280 kPa) for 80 min. Before and after exposure, endothelial function was assessed in both groups as flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) by ultrasound in the brachial artery. The results were compared to data obtained from a group of seven healthy individuals of the same age who had never dived. The dive produced few vascular bubbles, but a significant arterial diameter increase from 4.5 +/- 0.7 to 4.8 +/- 0.8 mm (mean +/- s.d.) and a significant reduction of FMD from 9.2 +/- 6.9 to 5.0 +/- 6.7% were observed as an indication of reduced endothelial function. In the group breathing oxygen, arterial diameter increased significantly from 4.4 +/- 0.3 mm to 4.7 +/- 0.3 mm, while FMD showed an insignificant decrease. Oxygen breathing did not decrease nitroglycerine-induced dilatation significantly. In the normal controls the arterial diameter and FMD were 4.1 +/- 0.4 mm and 7.7 +/- 0.2.8%, respectively. This study shows that diving can lead to acute arterial endothelial dysfunction in man and that oxygen breathing will increase arterial diameter after return to breathing air. Further studies are needed to determine if these mechanisms are involved in tissue injury following diving.
Descriptors
Adult, Decompression Sickness/etiology/prevention & control, Diving/adverse effects/physiology, Endothelium, Vascular/physiology, Gases/blood, Humans, Male, Pulmonary Artery/physiology
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Brubakk,A. O., Duplancic,D., Valic,Z., Palada,I., Obad,A., Bakovic,D., Wisloff,U., Dujic,Z.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20050616
PMCID
PMC1464788
Editors
|
|||
| Evaluation of shear bond strength with different enamel pre-treatments | 2004 | Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
European journal of orthodontics
Periodical, Abbrev.
Eur.J.Orthod.
Pub Date Free Form
Apr
Volume
26
Issue
2
Start Page
179
Other Pages
184
Notes
LR: 20041117; JID: 7909010; 0 (Panavia TPN-S); 0 (Phosphates); 0 (Resin Cements); 0 (Transbond XT); ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
0141-5387; 0141-5387
Accession Number
PMID: 15130041
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; D; IM
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
15130041
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the shear bond strengths of two adhesives, Panavia-21 and a composite resin (Transbond XT), with different enamel pre-treatments, acid etching (37 per cent phosphoric acid) and grit blasting (50 microm aluminium oxide particles). The mode of bond failure was also assessed using the modified adhesive remnant index (ARI). Ninety freshly extracted non-carious human premolar teeth were randomly divided into the following groups: (1) Transbond XT, acid-etched enamel surface; (2) Panavia-21, acid-etched enamel surface; (3) Transbond XT, grit-blasted enamel surface; (4) Panavia-21, grit-blasted enamel surface; (5) Transbond XT, acid-etched enamel surface with grit-blasted brackets; (6) Panavia-21, acid-etched enamel surface with grit-blasted brackets. All groups had stainless steel brackets bonded to the buccal surface of each tooth. An Instron universal testing machine was used to determine the shear bond strengths at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/second. Statistical analysis was undertaken using analysis of variance and the Tukey test. The mean bond strength values were as follows: group 1, 135.7 +/- 23.0 N; group 2, 181.5 +/- 18.4 N; group 3, 38.4 +/- 27.5 N; group 4, 59.1 +/- 24.1 N; group 5, 106.7 +/- 21.5 N; group 6, 165.3 +/- 21.4 N. Panavia-21 with the acid-etched enamel surface had a significantly higher shear bond strength than the other groups (P < 0.001). This was followed by the composite group with the acid-etched enamel surface. This group differed significantly from the composite and Panavia-21 groups with the grit-blasted tooth surface (P < 0.001) and from the composite and Panavia-21 groups with the acid-etched enamel surface and grit-blasted brackets (P < 0.01). The current findings indicate that Panavia-21 is an excellent adhesive and produces a bond strength that is clinically useful. Enamel surface preparation using grit blasting alone results in a significantly lower bond strength and should not be advocated for clinical use.
Descriptors
Analysis of Variance, Dental Bonding, Dental Enamel, Dental Etching/methods, Dental Stress Analysis, Humans, Materials Testing, Orthodontic Brackets, Phosphates, Random Allocation, Resin Cements, Shear Strength, Surface Properties
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Abu Alhaija,E. S., Al-Wahadni,A. M.
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