WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
Microtensile bond strengths and scanning electron microscopic evaluation of self-adhesive and self-etch resin cements to intact and etched enamel	2008	Department of Comprehensive Care, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4905, USA. sillas.duarte@case.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of prosthetic dentistry Periodical, Abbrev. J.Prosthet.Dent. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 100 Issue 3 Start Page 203 Other Pages 210 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 0376364; 0 (Composite Resins); 0 (Filtek Z250); 0 (Organophosphonates); 0 (Polymethacrylic Acids); 0 (Rely X Unicem); 0 (RelyX ARC); 0 (Resin Cements); 0 (Scotchbond etchant); 0 (multilink adhesive system); 0 (single bond); 30IQX730WE ( Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1097-6841; 0022-3913 Accession Number PMID: 18762032 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM DOI 10.1016/S0022-3913(08)60179-1 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18762032 Abstract STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The longevity of indirect adhesively cemented restorations is directly related to the bond quality of resin cements to dental tissues. Bonding to cervical enamel can generate significantly lower bond strengths than bonding to other enamel areas. The effect of enamel pretreatment on bond strengths of self-etch and self-adhesive resin cements to cervical enamel remains undetermined. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate cervical enamel bond strengths of self-adhesive, self-etch resin cements according to acid pretreatment, using a total-etch resin cement as the control. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The proximal surfaces of 20 extracted molars were sectioned to obtain 40 enamel rectangles with an area of 8.0 x 4.0 mm. The rectangular enamel specimens were assigned to 1 of 5 enamel experimental groups: intact enamel + RelyX Unicem (UN), etched enamel + UN (UNpa), intact enamel + Multilink (ML), etched enamel + ML (MLpa), and the total-etch-based RelyX ARC (RX; control group). Standard 8.0 x 4.0 x 6.0-mm composite resin blocks (Z250) were cemented to all specimens. The bonded enamel surfaces were sectioned into sticks with a cross-section of 0.8 +/-0.2 mm(2) and tested to failure in tension mode at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The data were submitted to 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey's HSD post hoc test (alpha=.05). Additionally, the enamel etching pattern was investigated for all experimental groups using field-emission electron microscopy. RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed significant differences among different resin cements (P RX (19.40 (9.47)). Acid etching of enamel before application of self-etch resin cement did not improve the mean bond strengths (SD) for self-etch resin cement [ML (5.38 (5.97)); MLpa (5.23 (1.1))]. Self-adhesive and self-etch resin cements yielded the lowest significant mean bond strengths (SD) when applied on intact enamel: UN (13.03 (2.82)) > ML (5.38 (5.97)). Scanning electron microscopy showed a consistent etching pattern for phosphoric acid-etched specimens. Self-etch and self-adhesive resin cements applied directly to intact enamel showed inconsistent areas of etching. CONCLUSIONS: Etching cervical enamel surfaces resulted in significantly higher bond strengths for self-adhesive resin cement. For self-etch resin cement, etching did not improve bond strength. Descriptors Acid Etching, Dental, Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate/chemistry, Composite Resins/chemistry, Dental Bonding, Dental Enamel/ultrastructure, Humans, Materials Testing, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Organophosphonates/chemistry, Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry, Polymethacrylic Acids/chemistry, Resin Cements/chemistry, Stress, Mechanical, Surface Properties, Tensile Strength, Tooth Cervix/ultrastructure Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Duarte,S.,Jr, Botta,A. C., Meire,M., Sadan,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Functional response of sport divers to lobsters with application to fisheries management	2008	North Carolina State University, Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8208, USA. eggleston@ncsu.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America Periodical, Abbrev. Ecol.Appl. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 18 Issue 1 Start Page 258 Other Pages 272 Notes JID: 9889808; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1051-0761; 1051-0761 Accession Number PMID: 18372571 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18372571 Abstract Fishery managers must understand the dynamics of fishers and their prey to successfully predict the outcome of management actions. We measured the impact of a two-day exclusively recreational fishery on Caribbean spiny lobster in the Florida Keys, USA, over large spatial scales (>100 km) and multiple years and used a theoretical, predator-prey functional response approach to identify whether or not sport diver catch rates were density-independent (type I) or density-dependent (type II or III functional response), and if catch rates were saturated (i.e., reached an asymptote) at relatively high lobster densities. We then describe how this predator-prey framework can be applied to fisheries management for spiny lobster and other species. In the lower Keys, divers exhibited a type-I functional response, whereby they removed a constant and relatively high proportion of lobsters (0.74-0.84) across all pre-fishing-season lobster densities. Diver fishing effort increased in a linear manner with lobster prey densities, as would be expected with a type-I functional response, and was an order of magnitude lower in the upper Keys than lower Keys. There were numerous instances in the upper Keys where the density of lobsters actually increased from before to after the fishing season, suggesting some type of "spill-in effect" from surrounding diver-disturbed areas. With the exception of isolated reefs in the upper Keys, the proportion of lobsters removed by divers was density independent (type-I functional response) and never reached saturation at natural lobster densities. Thus, recreational divers have a relatively simple predatory response to spiny lobster, whereby catch rates increase linearly with lobster density such that catch is a reliable indicator of abundance. Although diver predation is extremely high (approximately 80%), diver predation pressure is not expected to increase proportionally with a decline in lobster density (i.e., a depensatory response), which could exacerbate local extinction. Furthermore, management actions that reduce diver effort should have a concomitant and desired reduction in catch. The recreational diver-lobster predator-prey construct in this study provides a useful predictive framework to apply to both recreational and commercial fisheries, and on which to build as management actions are implemented. Descriptors Animals, Crustacea, Data Collection, Diving/physiology, Fisheries, Recreation Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Eggleston,D. B., Parsons,D. M., Kellison,G. T., Plaia,G. R., Johnson,E. G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Waterpipe tobacco smoking on a U.S. College campus: prevalence and correlates	2008	Department of Psychology and Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0205, USA. teissenb@vcu.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. J.Adolesc.Health Pub Date Free Form May Volume 42 Issue 5 Start Page 526 Other Pages 529 Notes LR: 20140921; GR: R01 CA103827/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA103827-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA011082/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA011082-10/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 TW005962/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1879-1972; 1054-139X Accession Number PMID: 18407049 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.10.004 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18407049 Abstract PURPOSE: Waterpipe tobacco smoking is reported to be growing in popularity, particularly among college students. This study examined the prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking prevalence and perceptions in a university-based population. METHOD: This was a cross-sectional Internet-based survey of first-year university students, which examined waterpipe tobacco smoking and other tobacco use, risk perceptions, influences, and perceived social acceptability. RESULTS: Waterpipe tobacco smoking within the past 30 days was reported by 20% (151/744). Relative to never users, users were more likely to perceive waterpipe tobacco smoking as less harmful than cigarette use. CONCLUSIONS: Because waterpipe tobacco smoking is increasing in prevalence and because it can involve toxicant inhalation at even greater levels than with cigarette smoking, it represents a growing public health issue. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Attitude to Health, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Peer Group, Prevalence, Smoking, Social Environment, Students, United States, Universities Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Eissenberg,T., Ward,K. D., Smith-Simone,S., Maziak,W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20071221 PMCID PMC2362063 Editors
Bacterial biodiversity of traditional Zabady fermented milk	2008	Department of Dairy Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Aflaton street, El-Shatby, Alexandria, Egypt. elbaradeig@yahoo.fr	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of food microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Food Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form 10-Feb Volume 121 Issue 3 Start Page 295 Other Pages 301 Notes JID: 8412849; 0 (DNA, Bacterial); 2006/11/09 [received]; 2007/04/11 [revised]; 2007/11/06 [accepted]; 2007/11/17 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0168-1605; 0168-1605 Accession Number PMID: 18077039 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI S0168-1605(07)00587-9 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18077039 Abstract The aim of this work was to identify the bacterial biodiversity of traditional Zabady fermented milk using PCR-temporal temperature gel electrophoresis (PCR-TTGE) and PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). Most of the identified bacterial species in Zabady samples belonged to lactic acid bacteria (LAB), e.g., Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactococcus garvieae, Lactococcus raffinolactis, Lactococcus lactis, Leuconostoc citreum, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Lactobacillus johnsonii. Using the culture-dependent and independent methods, the streptococcal and lactococcal groups appeared to be the major bacterial species in Zabady fermented milk, whereas the lactobacilli were the minor ones. The main dominant species was St. thermophilus followed by Lc. garvieae. Other molecular tools, e.g., species-specific PCR assay and cloning and sequencing strategy were used to confirm the TTGE and DGGE results. Lc. garvieae, Lc. raffinolactis, Ln. citreum, and Lb. johnsonii were identified for the first time in this type of Egyptian fermented milk. Descriptors Biodiversity, Colony Count, Microbial, Cultured Milk Products/microbiology, DNA, Bacterial/analysis, Egypt, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field/methods, Food Microbiology, Lactobacillus/classification/isolation & purification, Lactococcus/classification/isolation & purification, Leuconostoc/classification/isolation & purification, Phylogeny, Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods, Species Specificity, Streptococcus/classification/isolation & purification Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors El-Baradei,G., Delacroix-Buchet,A., Ogier,J. C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20071117 PMCID Editors
Exhaled carbon monoxide with waterpipe use in US students	2008		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full JAMA Periodical, Abbrev. JAMA Pub Date Free Form Volume 299 Issue 1 Start Page 36 Other Pages 8 Notes ID: 18167404 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Exhalation, Smoking/trends, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis, Adolescent, Adult, Charcoal, Female, Humans, Inhalation, Male, Smoking/adverse effects, Students, United States Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2007.6 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors El-Nachef,Wael, Hammond,S. K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Cigarette and waterpipe smoking among Lebanese adolescents, a cross-sectional study, 2003-2004	2008	Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. ze02@aub.edu.lb	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 10 Issue 2 Start Page 309 Other Pages 314 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9815751; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1462-2203; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 18236295 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1080/14622200701825775 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18236295 Abstract Waterpipe or "argileh" is a form of smoking other than cigarettes that is currently spreading among people of all ages. The objective of the present study was to assess tobacco smoking practices (waterpipe and/or cigarette) among public and private adolescent school students in Beirut, Lebanon. A sample of 2,443 students selected from 10 private and 3 public schools with intermediate/secondary classes filled out a self-administered anonymous questionnaire that inquired about sociodemographic characteristics, and behavior about tobacco smoking. Binary analysis was performed as well as three regression models for the relationship between exclusive cigarettes smoking, exclusive waterpipe smoking and both cigarettes and waterpipe as the dependent variables and gender, type of school, and class as the independent variables. The current prevalence of cigarettes smoking was 11.4%, and that of waterpipe smoking was 29.6%. Gender was significantly associated with cigarettes (OR=3.2, 95% CI 1.8-5.6) but not waterpipe smoking. Public school students were, respectively, 3.2 (95% CI 1.8-5.6) and 1.7 (95% CI 1.4-2.1) times more likely to be exclusive cigarettes smokers, and exclusive waterpipe smokers. Class was not significantly associated with exclusive cigarette smoking; however, students attending secondary classes were 1.3 (95% CI 1.1-1.6) times more likely to be exclusive waterpipe smokers. The reasons behind the high prevalence of both types of smoking are presented and discussed. The present study calls for school-based prevention programs and other types of interventions such as tax increases, and age-restrictions on tobacco sales. More aggressive interventions to disseminate education and awareness among parents and students altogether are warranted. Descriptors Adolescent, Confidence Intervals, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Lebanon/epidemiology, Life Style, Male, Odds Ratio, Peer Group, Risk Factors, Risk-Taking, School Health Services/organization & administration, Smoking/epidemiology/psychology, Social Environment, Students/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology/prevention & control Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors El-Roueiheb,Z., Tamim,H., Kanj,M., Jabbour,S., Alayan,I., Musharrafieh,U. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The association between obesity and GERD: a review of the epidemiological evidence	2008	The Sections of Gastroenterology and Health Services Research, The Houston Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. hasheme@bcm.tmc.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Digestive diseases and sciences Periodical, Abbrev. Dig.Dis.Sci. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 53 Issue 9 Start Page 2307 Other Pages 2312 Notes LR: 20140912; GR: R01 CA116845/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA116845-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7902782; RF: 50; NIHMS176037; OID: NLM: NIHMS176037; OID: NLM: PMC2827866; 2008/05/23 [received]; 2008/06/18 [accepted]; 2008/07/24 [aheado Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0163-2116; 0163-2116 Accession Number PMID: 18651221 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Review; AIM; IM DOI 10.1007/s10620-008-0413-9 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18651221 Abstract The current epidemics of obesity and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)-related disorders have generated much interest in studying the association between them. Results of multiple studies indicate that obesity satisfies several criteria for a causal association with GERD and some of its complications, including a generally consistent association with GERD symptoms, erosive esophagitis, and esophageal adenocarcinoma. An increase in GERD symptoms has been shown to occur in individuals who gain weight but continue to have a body mass index (BMI) in the normal range, contributing to the epidemiological evidence for a possible dose-response relationship between BMI and increasing GERD. Data are less clear on the relationship between Barrett's esophagus (BE) and obesity. However, when considered separately, abdominal obesity seems to explain a considerable part of the association with GERD, including BE. Overall, epidemiological data show that maintaining a normal BMI may reduce the likelihood of developing GERD and its potential complications. Descriptors Barrett Esophagus/epidemiology/physiopathology, Body Mass Index, Esophageal Neoplasms/epidemiology/physiopathology, Esophagitis/epidemiology/physiopathology, Gastroesophageal Reflux/epidemiology/physiopathology, Humans, Obesity/epidemiology/physiopathology, Risk Factors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors El-Serag,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080724 PMCID PMC2827866 Editors
Genotoxic effects of waterpipe smoking on the buccal mucosa cells	2008		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Mutat Res Periodical, Abbrev. Mutat.Res. Pub Date Free Form Volume 655 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 36 Other Pages 40 Notes ID: 18662802 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Waterpipe smoking is popular in many parts of the world. Micronuclei (MN) evaluation in the exfoliated oral cells of smokers is a non-invasive technique for evaluation of possible tobacco harm. We aimed to assess whether MN levels are higher in waterpipe smokers than in never smokers. We examined oral smears of 128 adult male waterpipe smokers and 78 males who never smoked tobacco in rural Egypt. The total number of MN per 1000 cells per subject, and the number of MN-containing cells per individual were compared. We observed a higher level of total MN in waterpipe smokers (10 +/- 4) than in never smokers (4 +/- 2, p < 0.001). A similar difference was found for the mean number of affected cells per individual (8 +/- 3 vs. 4 +/- 1.62, p < 0.001). MN levels were not significantly dose related. This study is among the first to assess the association between waterpipe smoking and a cytogenetic measure of tobacco harm. The twofold increase in MN level is consistent with previous reports of MN in cigarette smokers. More research is needed to determine if such MN levels are predictive of future health consequences. Descriptors Mouth Mucosa/drug effects, Mutagens/toxicity, Smoking/adverse effects, Water, Adult, Age Factors, Demography, Humans, Male, Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective/chemically induced, Middle Aged Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3568951/?tool=pubmed; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.06.014 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors El-Setouhy,Maged, Loffredo,Christopher A., Radwan,Ghada, Abdel Rahman,Rehab, Mahfouz,Eman, Israel,Ebenezer, Mohamed,Mostafa K., Ayyad,Sohair B. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Evaluation of the use of Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data for developing evidence-based tobacco control policies in Turkey	2008	World Health Organization Country Office, Birlik Mahallesi 2, Cadde No: 11, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey. ergudert@euro.who.int	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 15-Dec Volume 8 Suppl 1 Issue Start Page S4 Other Pages 2458-8-S1-S4 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 100968562; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OID: NLM: PMC2604868; 2008/12/15 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 19091047 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-8-S1-S4 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19091047 Abstract INTRODUCTION: The tobacco control effort in Turkey has made significant progress in recent years. Turkey initiated its tobacco control effort with the passing of Law 4207 (The Prevention of Harmful Effects of Tobacco Products) in 1996 and ratified the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) in 2004. It is important to base policy decisions on valid and reliable evidence from population-based, representative studies that are periodically repeated to enable policy makers to monitor the results of their interventions and to appropriately tailor anti-tobacco activities towards future needs. METHODS: The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) was developed to track tobacco use among young people and enhance the capacity of countries to design, implement, and evaluate tobacco control and prevention programs. Turkey conducted the GYTS in 2003 and data from this survey can be used as baseline measures for evaluation of the tobacco control programs implemented by the Ministry of Health (MOH) of the Turkish government. RESULTS: The GYTS was conducted in 2003 on a representative sample of students aged 13 to 15 years. It indicated that almost 3 in 10 students in Turkey had ever smoked cigarettes, with significantly higher rates among boys. Current cigarette smoking rates were lower, at 9% for boys and 4% for girls. The prevalence of current use of other tobacco products was about half these figures for each gender. About 80% were exposed to secondhand smoke. Exposure to pro-smoking media messages was not rare. Almost half of the smokers 'usually' bought their tobacco from a store, despite the law prohibiting this. Exposure to teaching against smoking in schools was not universal. CONCLUSION: Findings from the GYTS, with periodic repeats of the survey, can be used to monitor the impact of enforcing various provisions of the present law (No: 4207), the progress made in achieving the goals of the WHO FCTC, and the effectiveness of various preventive interventions against smoking. Such data would inform and help in the development of public health strategy. Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior/psychology, Female, Focus Groups, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, National Health Programs, Population Surveillance, Public Health Administration, Public Health Informatics, Public Policy, Risk-Taking, School Health Services, Smoking/epidemiology/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Industry, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/statistics & numerical data, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology/prevention & control, Turkey/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Erguder,T., Cakir,B., Aslan,D., Warren,C. W., Jones,N. R., Asma,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20081215 PMCID PMC2604868 Editors
Analysis of bacterial community during the fermentation of pulque, a traditional Mexican alcoholic beverage, using a polyphasic approach	2008	Departamento de Ingenieria Celular y Biocatalisis, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Avenida Universidad 2001, Col Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. adelfo@ibt.unam.mx	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of food microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Food Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form 31-May Volume 124 Issue 2 Start Page 126 Other Pages 134 Notes JID: 8412849; 0 (DNA, Bacterial); 0 (DNA, Ribosomal); 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S); 2007/06/02 [received]; 2007/11/14 [revised]; 2008/03/03 [accepted]; 2008/03/07 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0168-1605; 0168-1605 Accession Number PMID: 18450312 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.03.003 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18450312 Abstract In this study, the characterization of the bacterial community present during the fermentation of pulque, a traditional Mexican alcoholic beverage from maguey (Agave), was determined for the first time by a polyphasic approach in which both culture and non-culture dependent methods were utilized. The work included the isolation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), aerobic mesophiles, and 16S rDNA clone libraries from total DNA extracted from the maguey sap (aguamiel) used as substrate, after inoculation with a sample of previously produced pulque and followed by 6-h fermentation. Microbiological diversity results were correlated with fermentation process parameters such as sucrose, glucose, fructose and fermentation product concentrations. In addition, medium rheological behavior analysis and scanning electron microscopy in aguamiel and during pulque fermentation were also performed. Our results showed that both culture and non-culture dependent approaches allowed the detection of several new and previously reported species within the alpha-, gamma-Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Bacteria diversity in aguamiel was composed by the heterofermentative Leuconostoc citreum, L. mesenteroides, L. kimchi, the gamma-Proteobacteria Erwinia rhapontici, Enterobacter spp. and Acinetobacter radioresistens. Inoculation with previously fermented pulque incorporated to the system microbiota, homofermentative lactobacilli related to Lactobacillus acidophilus, several alpha-Proteobacteria such as Zymomonas mobilis and Acetobacter malorum, other gamma-Proteobacteria and an important amount of yeasts, creating a starting metabolic diversity composed by homofermentative and heterofermentative LAB, acetic and ethanol producing microorganisms. At the end of the fermentation process, the bacterial diversity was mainly composed by the homofermentative Lactobacillus acidophilus, the heterofermentative L. mesenteroides, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and the alpha-Proteobacteria A. malorum. After a 6-h fermentation, 83.27% of total sugars detected after inoculation were consumed (228.4 mM hexose equivalents) and a carbon (C) recovery of 66.18% in fermentation products was estimated. They were produced 284.4 mM C as ethanol, 71.5 mM C as acetic acid and 19 mM C as lactic acid, demonstrating the presence of homo- and heterofermentative, acetic and alcoholic metabolisms in the final product. It was also found, after hydrolysis, that the exopolysaccharide produced during the fermentation was mainly composed by fructose residues, probably inulin or levan. Descriptors Agave/microbiology, Alcoholic Beverages/microbiology, Bacteria/classification/isolation & purification, Cloning, Molecular, DNA, Bacterial/analysis, DNA, Ribosomal/analysis, Ecosystem, Fermentation, Mexico, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics, Restriction Mapping, Species Specificity Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Escalante,A., Giles-Gomez,M., Hernandez,G., Cordova-Aguilar,M. S., Lopez-Munguia,A., Gosset,G., Bolivar,F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080307 PMCID Editors

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