WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
Waterpipe tobacco and cigarette smoking: direct comparison of toxicant exposure	2009		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Am J Prev Med Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Volume 37 Issue 6 Start Page 518 Other Pages 23 Notes ID: 19944918 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: Waterpipe (hookah, shisha) tobacco smoking has spread worldwide. Many waterpipe smokers believe that, relative to cigarettes, waterpipes are associated with lower smoke toxicant levels and fewer health risks. For physicians to address these beliefs credibly, waterpipe use and cigarette smoking must be compared directly. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to provide the first controlled, direct laboratory comparison of the toxicant exposure associated with waterpipe tobacco and cigarette smoking. METHODS: Participants (N=31; M=21.4 years, SD=2.3) reporting monthly waterpipe use (M=5.2 uses/month, SD=4.0) and weekly cigarette smoking (M=9.9 cigarettes/day, SD=6.4) completed a crossover study in which they each smoked a waterpipe for a maximum of 45 minutes, or a single cigarette. Outcome measures included expired-air carbon monoxide (CO) 5 minutes after session's end, and blood carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), plasma nicotine, heart rate, and puff topography. Data were collected in 2008-2009 and analyzed in 2009. RESULTS: On average, CO increased by 23.9 ppm for waterpipe use (SD=19.8) and 2.7 ppm for cigarette smoking (SD=1.8), while peak waterpipe COHb levels (M=3.9%, SD=2.5) were three times those observed for cigarette smoking (M=1.3%, SD=0.5; p's<0.001). Peak nicotine levels did not differ (waterpipe M=10.2 ng/mL, SD=7.0; cigarette M=10.6 ng/mL, SD=7.7). Significant heart rate increases relative to pre-smoking were observed at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 35 minutes during the cigarette session and at 5-minute intervals during the waterpipe session (p's<0.001). Mean total puff volume was 48.6 L for waterpipe use as compared to 1.0 L for cigarette smoking (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Relative to cigarette smoking, waterpipe use is associated with greater CO, similar nicotine, and dramatically more smoke exposure. Physicians should consider advising their patients that waterpipe tobacco smoking exposes them to some of the same toxicants as cigarette smoking and therefore the two tobacco-smoking methods likely share some of the same health risks. Descriptors Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Inhalation Exposure/analysis, Smoking, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis, Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Over Studies, Equipment Design, Humans, Middle Aged, Virginia, Water, Young Adult Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2805076/?tool=pubmed; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2009.07.014 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Eissenberg,Thomas, Shihadeh,Alan Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
2-Methyl-6-(6-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)phenol-2-methyl-6-(5-methyl-1H-benzimid azol-2-yl)phenol (3/1)	2009		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Acta crystallographica.Section E, Structure reports online Periodical, Abbrev. Acta Crystallogr.Sect.E.Struct.Rep.Online Pub Date Free Form 28-Nov Volume 65 Issue Pt 12 Start Page o3227 Other Pages 8 Notes LR: 20130328; JID: 101089178; OID: NLM: PMC2972110; 2009/11/16 [received]; 2009/11/20 [accepted]; 2009/11/28 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1600-5368; 1600-5368 Accession Number PMID: 21578934 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1107/S1600536809049770 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21578934 Abstract The title compound, 0.75C(15)H(14)N(2)O.0.25C(15)H(14)N(2)O, is a co-crystal of 2-methyl-6-(6-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)phenol as the major component and 2-methyl-6-(5-methyl-1H-benz-imidazol-2-yl)phenol as the minor component. The refined site-occupancy ratio is 0.746 (4)/0.254 (4). The conformations of both components are identical except for that of the methyl substituent on the benzene ring of the benzimidazole unit which is positionally disordered over two positions. The mol-ecule is essentially planar, the dihedral angle between the benzimidazole plane and the benzene ring being 3.49 (4) degrees . An intra-molecular O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal packing, mol-ecules are linked through N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds into chains along [201]. These chains are stacked approximately along the a-axis direction. The crystal packing is further stabilized by weak N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO and Ocdots, three dots, centeredHcdots, three dots, centeredN hydrogen bonds, together with weak inter-molecular C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredpi inter-actions. A pi-pi inter-action with a centroid-centroid distance of 3.6241 (6) A is also observed between the substituted phenyl ring and that of the benzimidazole system. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Eltayeb,N. E., Teoh,S. G., Adnan,R., Fun,H. K., Chantrapromma,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20091128 PMCID PMC2972110 Editors
Development of a versatile, easy and rapid atmospheric monitor for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes determination in air	2009	Analytical Chemistry Department, University of Valencia, Edifici Jeroni Munoz, 50 Dr. Moliner, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain. francesc.a.esteve@uv.es	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatography.A Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.A Pub Date Free Form 27-Nov Volume 1216 Issue 48 Start Page 8549 Other Pages 8556 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 9318488; 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 0 (Membranes, Artificial); 0 (Xylenes); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); J64922108F (Benzene); L5I45M5G0O (ethylbenzene); 2009/06/12 [received]; 2009/09/08 [revised]; 2009/10/02 [accepted]; 2009/10/09 [aheadofprin Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-3778; 0021-9673 Accession Number PMID: 19853854 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.10.001 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19853854 Abstract A new procedure for the passive sampling in air of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene isomers (BTEX) is proposed. A low-density polyethylene layflat tube filled with a mixture of solid phases provided a high versatility tool for the sampling of volatile compounds from air. Several solid phases were assayed in order to increase the BTEX absorption in the sampler and a mixture of florisil and activated carbon provided the best results. Direct head-space-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) measurement of the whole deployed sampler was employed for a fast determination of BTEX. Absorption isotherms were used to develop simple mathematical models for the estimation of BTEX time-weighted average concentrations in air. The proposed samplers were used to determine BTEX in indoor air environments and results were compared with those found using two reference methodologies: triolein-containing semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and diffusive Radiello samplers. In short, the developed sampling system and analytical strategy provides a versatile, easy and rapid atmospheric monitor (VERAM). Descriptors Adsorption, Air/analysis, Benzene/analysis, Benzene Derivatives/analysis, Environmental Monitoring/methods, Membranes, Artificial, Permeability, Temperature, Time Factors, Toluene/analysis, Xylenes/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Esteve-Turrillas,F. A., Ly-Verdu,S., Pastor,A., de la Guardia,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20091009 PMCID Editors
Headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography method for the determination of valproic acid in human serum, and formulations using hollow-fiber coated wire	2009	Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Iran. mafarajzadeh@yahoo.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry Periodical, Abbrev. Anal.Sci. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 25 Issue 7 Start Page 875 Other Pages 879 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 8511078; 0 (Anticonvulsants); 0 (Pharmaceutical Preparations); 0 (Salts); 614OI1Z5WI (Valproic Acid); ppublish Place of Publication Japan ISSN/ISBN 1348-2246; 0910-6340 Accession Number PMID: 19609026 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI JST.JSTAGE/analsci/25.875 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19609026 Abstract A method was developed for the extraction of valproic acid (VPA) by hollow-fiber coated wire as a lab-made solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber and its determination by capillary gas chromatography in human serum and pharmaceutical formulations. In this study, a piece of copper wire coated by polypropylene hollow-fiber membrane was used as a SPME fiber, and its efficiency for the extraction of VPA from the headspace of samples prior to gas chromatographic analysis was evaluated. The optimum conditions of microextraction process were selected, and the limit of detection for VPA was found to be 85 microg L(-1) in solution and 1.7 mg L(-1) in human serum. A low detection limit, a wide linear dynamic range (0.25-100 mg L(-1)), good repeatability (RSD%<4 in formulations and RSD%<7 in serum samples) and a higher mechanical durability due to its metallic base are some of the most important advantages of the proposed fiber. Descriptors Anticonvulsants/blood/isolation & purification, Blood Chemical Analysis/methods, Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Chromatography, Gas/methods, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Male, Pharmaceutical Preparations/chemistry, Reproducibility of Results, Salts/chemistry, Solid Phase Microextraction/instrumentation/methods, Solubility, Temperature, Time Factors, Valproic Acid/blood/isolation & purification Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Farajzadeh,M. A., Farhadi,K., Matin,A. A., Hashemi,P., Jouyban,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Cannabis, tobacco and domestic fumes intake are associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in North Africa	2009		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Br J Cancer Periodical, Abbrev. Br.J.Cancer Pub Date Free Form Volume 101 Issue 7 Start Page 1207 Other Pages 12 Notes ID: 19724280 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: The lifestyle risk factors for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in North Africa are not known. METHODS: From 2002 to 2005, we interviewed 636 patients and 615 controls from Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia, frequency-matched by centre, age, sex, and childhood household type (urban/rural). Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of lifestyles with NPC risk, controlling for socioeconomic status and dietary risk factors. RESULTS: Cigarette smoking and snuff (tobacco powder with additives) intake were significantly associated with differentiated NPC but not with undifferentiated carcinoma (UCNT), which is the major histological type of NPC in these populations. As demonstrated by a stratified permutation test and by conditional logistic regression, marijuana smoking significantly elevated NPC risk independently of cigarette smoking, suggesting dissimilar carcinogenic mechanisms between cannabis and tobacco. Domestic cooking fumes intake by using kanoun (compact charcoal oven) during childhood increased NPC risk, whereas exposure during adulthood had less effect. Neither alcohol nor shisha (water pipe) was associated with risk. CONCLUSION: Tobacco, cannabis and domestic cooking fumes intake are risk factors for NPC in western North Africa. Descriptors Air Pollution, Indoor/adverse effects, Cooking, Marijuana Smoking/adverse effects, Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/etiology, Smoking/adverse effects, Case-Control Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Multivariate Analysis, Risk Factors, Smoke, Tobacco, Smokeless/adverse effects Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2768108/?tool=pubmed; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6605281 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Feng,B-J, Khyatti,M., Ben-Ayoub,W., Dahmoul,S., Ayad,M., Maachi,F., Bedadra,W., Abdoun,M., Mesli,S., Bakkali,H., Jalbout,M., Hamdi-Cherif,M., Boualga,K., Bouaouina,N., Chouchane,L., Benider,A., Ben-Ayed,F., Goldgar,D. E., Corbex,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Prediction of abstinence at 10 weeks based on smoking status at 2 weeks during a quit attempt: secondary analysis of two parallel, 10-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials of 21-mg nicotine patch in adult smokers	2009	Pinney Associates, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA. sferguson@pinneyassociates.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Clinical therapeutics Periodical, Abbrev. Clin.Ther. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 31 Issue 9 Start Page 1957 Other Pages 1965 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 7706726; 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 2009/07/21 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1879-114X; 0149-2918 Accession Number PMID: 19843485 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.clinthera.2009.08.029 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19843485 Abstract BACKGROUND: Smoking cessation outcomes are calculated as the probability of abstinence at follow-up among all enrolled smokers, but it is also useful to estimate the probability of success for those who experienced success or failure at earlier time points. OBJECTIVES: The primary aims were to estimate the probability of maintaining abstinence through week 10 among subjects who were abstinent at week 2, and to assess the effect of active treatment with a nicotine patch. We also examined outcomes at week 6 and, among subjects who smoked during the first 2 weeks of treatment, the probability of reestablishing abstinence later, as well as the effect of active treatment on this outcome. METHODS: We analyzed pooled data from 2 previously published, parallel, double-blind studies in which subjects were initially randomized to receive an active nicotine patch (starting at 21 mg) or a placebo patch. Subjects randomized to active treatment followed a double-blind step-down dosing regimen: 24-h/21-mg patches for the first 6 weeks of treatment, followed by 14- and 7-mg patches for successive 2-week periods. Biochemically verified abstinence (exhaled carbon monoxide <or=8 ppm) was assessed during laboratory visits. RESULTS: Most subjects were white (94.8%) and female (61.6%), with a mean (SD) age of 43.1 (10.2) years. Subjects had been smoking for a mean of 24.5 (10.2) years and smoked a mean of 30.6 (10.4) cigarettes per day. In both the nicotine (n = 249) and placebo (n = 253) groups, all subjects who were abstinent during the first 2 weeks had a high probability of maintaining abstinence through week 10, but subjects treated with the active patch were significantly more likely to remain abstinent (active: 79.8% [67/84], placebo: 52.6% [20/38]; relative risk [RR] = 1.52 [95% CI, 1.10-2.09]). Also, at week 6, subjects receiving active treatment had a greater chance of remaining abstinent (active: 94.3% [82/87], placebo: 78.0% [32/41]; RR = 1.21 [95% CI, 1.02-1.43]). To assess the effect of treatment on recovery from smoking lapses, we examined the probability of abstinence during week 10 among subjects who smoked during the first 2 weeks of treatment. Among them, treatment was associated with a greater probability of later success: 31.4% (50/159) of those treated with the active patch and 12.5% (26/208) of those receiving placebo were abstinent at week 10 (RR = 2.52 [95% CI, 1.64-3.85]). Similar results were observed at week 6 (49.4% [80/162] vs 21.2% [45/212]; RR = 2.33 [95% CI, 1.72-3.15]). CONCLUSIONS: More than two thirds (71.3%) of subjects who were abstinent 2 weeks into a quit attempt maintained that abstinence through the end of 10 weeks of treatment. Use of a nicotine patch was significantly associated with maintaining abstinence and with recovering abstinence after an early lapse. Descriptors Administration, Cutaneous, Adult, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Double-Blind Method, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nicotine/administration & dosage/therapeutic use, Nicotinic Agonists/administration & dosage/therapeutic use, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Recurrence, Smoking/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation/methods/statistics & numerical data, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ferguson,S. G., Gitchell,J. G., Shiffman,S., Sembower,M. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Biofilm formation and effect of caspofungin on biofilm structure of Candida species bloodstream isolates	2009	Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. jantgferr@hotmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Periodical, Abbrev. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 53 Issue 10 Start Page 4377 Other Pages 4384 Notes LR: 20141207; JID: 0315061; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Echinocandins); F0XDI6ZL63 (caspofungin); OID: NLM: PMC2764222; 2009/06/22 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1098-6596; 0066-4804 Accession Number PMID: 19546368 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1128/AAC.00316-09 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19546368 Abstract Candida biofilms are microbial communities, embedded in a polymeric matrix, growing attached to a surface, and are highly recalcitrant to antimicrobial therapy. These biofilms exhibit enhanced resistance against most antifungal agents except echinocandins and lipid formulations of amphotericin B. In this study, biofilm formation by different Candida species, particularly Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis, was evaluated, and the effect of caspofungin (CAS) was assessed using a clinically relevant in vitro model system. CAS displayed in vitro activity against C. albicans and C. tropicalis cells within biofilms. Biofilm formation was evaluated after 48 h of antifungal drug exposure, and the effects of CAS on preformed Candida species biofilms were visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Several species-specific differences in the cellular morphologies associated with biofilms were observed. Our results confirmed the presence of paradoxical growth (PG) in C. albicans and C. tropicalis biofilms in the presence of high CAS concentrations. These findings were also confirmed by SEM analysis and were associated with the metabolic activity obtained by biofilm susceptibility testing. Importantly, these results suggest that the presence of atypical, enlarged, conical cells could be associated with PG and with tolerant cells in Candida species biofilm populations. The clinical implications of these findings are still unknown. Descriptors Antifungal Agents/pharmacology, Biofilms/drug effects/growth & development, Candida/drug effects/growth & development/ultrastructure, Echinocandins/pharmacology, Humans, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ferreira,J. A., Carr,J. H., Starling,C. E., de Resende,M. A., Donlan,R. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090622 PMCID PMC2764222 Editors
Simple approach based on ultrasound-assisted emulsification-microextraction for determination of polibrominated flame retardants in water samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry	2009	Laboratorio de Investigaciones y Servicios Ambientales Mendoza, Centro Cientifico Tecnologico-CONICET-Mendoza, PO Box 131, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatography.A Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.A Pub Date Free Form 2-Jan Volume 1216 Issue 1 Start Page 147 Other Pages 153 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 9318488; 0 (Emulsifying Agents); 0 (Flame Retardants); 0 (Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers); 0 (Solvents); 059QF0KO0R (Water); 2008/08/07 [received]; 2008/11/07 [revised]; 2008/11/13 [accepted]; 2008/11/19 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0021-9673; 0021-9673 Accession Number PMID: 19054523 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.034 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19054523 Abstract A simple, efficient, innovative and environmentally friendly analytical technique was successfully applied for the first time for the extraction and preconcentration of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) from water samples. The PBDEs selected for this work were those most commonly found in the literature in natural water samples: 2,2',4,4'-tetraBDE (BDE-47), 2,2',4,4,5-pentaBDE (BDE-99), 2,2',4,4,6-pentaBDE (BDE-100) and 2,2,4,4',5,5'-hexaBDE (BDE-153). The extracted PBDEs were separated and determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The extraction/preconcentration technique is based on ultrasound-assisted emulsification-microextraction (USAEME) of a water-immiscible solvent in an aqueous medium. Several variables including, solvent type, extraction time, extraction temperature and matrix modifiers were studied and optimized over the relative response the target analytes. Chloroform was used as extraction solvent in the USAEME technique. Under optimum conditions, the target analytes were quantitatively extracted achieving enrichment factors (EF) higher than 319. The detection limits (LODs) of the analytes for the preconcentration of 10 mL sample volume were within the range 1-2 pg mL(-1). The relative standard deviations (RSD) for five replicates at 10 pg mL(-1) concentration level were or = 0.9985. Validation of the methodology was performed by standard addition method at two concentration levels (10 and 50 pg mL(-1)). Recovery values were > or = 96%, which showed a successful robustness of the analytical methodology for determination of picogram per milliliter of PBDEs in water samples. Significant quantities of PBDEs were not found in the analyzed samples. Descriptors Analytic Sample Preparation Methods/methods, Emulsifying Agents/chemistry, Environmental Monitoring, Flame Retardants/analysis, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/analysis, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Osmolar Concentration, Solvents/chemistry, Sonication, Temperature, Time Factors, Ultrasonics, Water/chemistry Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Fontana,A. R., Wuilloud,R. G., Martinez,L. D., Altamirano,J. C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20081119 PMCID Editors
Barrett's esophagus: prevalence and risk factors in patients with chronic GERD in Upper Egypt	2009	Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Minya University, Minya 19104, Egypt. yasserfouad10@yahoo.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full World journal of gastroenterology Periodical, Abbrev. World J.Gastroenterol. Pub Date Free Form 28-Jul Volume 15 Issue 28 Start Page 3511 Other Pages 3515 Notes LR: 20151022; JID: 100883448; OID: NLM: PMC2715977; ppublish Place of Publication China ISSN/ISBN 2219-2840; 1007-9327 Accession Number PMID: 19630106 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19630106 Abstract AIM: To determine the prevalence and possible risk factors of Barrett's esophagus (BE) in patients with chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in El Minya and Assuit, Upper Egypt. METHODS: One thousand consecutive patients with chronic GERD symptoms were included in the study over 2 years. They were subjected to history taking including a questionnaire for GERD symptoms, clinical examination and upper digestive tract endoscopy. Endoscopic signs suggestive of columnar-lined esophagus (CLE) were defined as mucosal tongues or an upward shift of the squamocolumnar junction. BE was diagnosed by pathological examination when specialized intestinal metaplasia was detected histologically in suspected CLE. pH was monitored in 40 patients. RESULTS: BE was present in 7.3% of patients with chronic GERD symptoms, with a mean age of 48.3 +/- 8.2 years, which was significantly higher than patients with GERD without BE (37.4 +/- 13.6 years). Adenocarcinoma was detected in eight cases (0.8%), six of them in BE patients. There was no significant difference between patients with BE and GERD regarding sex, smoking, alcohol consumption or symptoms of GERD. Patients with BE had significantly longer esophageal acid exposure time in the supine position, measured by pH monitoring. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of BE in patients with GERD who were referred for endoscopy was 7.3%. BE seems to be associated with older age and more in patients with nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux. Descriptors Adenocarcinoma/pathology/physiopathology, Adult, Barrett Esophagus/epidemiology/pathology/physiopathology, Egypt/epidemiology, Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology/physiopathology, Female, Gastroesophageal Reflux/epidemiology/pathology/physiopathology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Fouad,Y. M., Makhlouf,M. M., Tawfik,H. M., el-Amin,H., Ghany,W. A., el-Khayat,H. R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC2715977 Editors
Indoor air contamination during a waterpipe (narghile) smoking session	2009	Department of Environmental Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinarstrasse 2, D-85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany. hermann.fromme@lgl.bayern.de	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association Periodical, Abbrev. Food Chem.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 47 Issue 7 Start Page 1636 Other Pages 1641 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 8207483; 0 (Gases); 0 (Metals); 0 (Nitrogen Oxides); 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Smoke); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); CIN: Food Chem Toxicol. 2010 Mar;48(3):992-5; auth Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6351; 0278-6915 Accession Number PMID: 19394392 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2009.04.017 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19394392 Abstract The smoke of waterpipe contains numerous substances of health concern, but people mistakenly believe that this smoking method is less harmful and addictive than cigarettes. An experiment was performed in a 57 m3 room on two dates with no smoking on the first date and waterpipe smoking for 4h on the second date. We measured volatile organic compounds (VOC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), metals, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (e.g. NO), as well as particle mass (PM), particle number concentration (PNC) and particle surface area in indoor air. High concentrations were observed for the target analytes during the 4-h smoking event. The median (90th percentile) values of PM(2.5), PNC, CO and NO were 393 (737 microg/m(3)), 289,000 (550,000 particles/cm(3)), 51 (65 ppm) and 0.11 (0.13 ppm), respectively. The particle size distribution has a maximum of particles relating to a diameter of 17 nm. The seven carcinogenic PAH were found to be a factor 2.6 higher during the smoking session compared to the control day. In conclusion, the observed indoor air contamination of different harmful substances during a WP session is high, and exposure may pose a health risk for smokers but in particular for non-smokers who are exposed to ETS. Descriptors Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Gases/analysis, Metals/analysis, Nitrogen Oxides/analysis, Particle Size, Particulate Matter/analysis, Pilot Projects, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis, Smoke/analysis, Smoking/adverse effects, Tobacco, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Fromme,H., Dietrich,S., Heitmann,D., Dressel,H., Diemer,J., Schulz,T., Jorres,R. A., Berlin,K., Volkel,W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090424 PMCID Editors

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