WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
Comparing the validity of the Cigarette Dependence Scale and the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence	2008	Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Geneva, CMU, 1 rue Michel-Servet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Jean-Francois.Etter@imsp.unige.ch	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Drug and alcohol dependence Periodical, Abbrev. Drug Alcohol Depend. Pub Date Free Form 1-May Volume 95 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 152 Other Pages 159 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 7513587; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 2007/11/02 [received]; 2008/01/04 [revised]; 2008/01/09 [accepted]; 2008/03/06 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Ireland ISSN/ISBN 0376-8716; 0376-8716 Accession Number PMID: 18328641 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.01.017 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18328641 Abstract BACKGROUND: We compared the validity of the Cigarette Dependence Scale (CDS-12) and of the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) in daily cigarette smokers. METHODS: Internet survey in 2004-2007. Eight days and 6 weeks after answering these two dependence questionnaires, participants indicated their smoking status and answered the Cigarette Withdrawal Scale and the Smoking Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. We used the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) to assess nicotine dependence as defined in DSM-IV. RESULTS: There were 13,697 participants at baseline, 1113 (8%) after 8 days and 435 (3%) after 6 weeks. CDS-12, but not FTND, predicted smoking cessation after 8 days (odds ratio=1.20 per standard deviation unit, p=0.03) and 6 weeks (odds ratio=1.34, p=0.01). In participants who had quit smoking after 8 days, CDS-12 was a better predictor of craving (beta=0.30, p<0.001), than FTND (beta=0.14, p<0.01). After 8 days, self-efficacy in quitters was predicted by CDS-12 (beta=-0.16, p=0.02), but not by FTND (beta=-0.05, p=0.3). CDS-12 was more strongly associated than FTND with DSM-defined dependence measured by MINI: area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve=0.72 (95% confidence interval=0.70-0.73). For FTND, the area under ROC=0.64 (0.63-0.66). CONCLUSIONS: CDS-12 performed better than FTND on tests of predictive and construct validity. Descriptors Adult, Cues, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Surveys, Humans, Internet, Male, Motivation, Nicotine/toxicity, Psychometrics/statistics & numerical data, Reproducibility of Results, Self Efficacy, Smoking/psychology, Smoking Cessation/psychology, Social Environment, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/diagnosis/psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Switzerland, Tobacco Use Disorder/diagnosis/psychology/rehabilitation Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Etter,J. F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080306 PMCID Editors
Secondhand smoke in hospitals of Catalonia (Spain) before and after a comprehensive ban on smoking at the national level	2008	Tobacco Control and Research Unit, Cancer Prevention and Control Department, Institut Catala d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain. efernandez@ico.scs.es	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Preventive medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 47 Issue 6 Start Page 624 Other Pages 628 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 0322116; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 2008/04/24 [received]; 2008/09/03 [revised]; 2008/09/08 [accepted]; 2008/09/19 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1096-0260; 0091-7435 Accession Number PMID: 18845179 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.09.003 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18845179 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To assess changes in secondhand smoke exposure by means of airborne nicotine concentrations in public hospitals of Catalonia (Spain) before and after a comprehensive national smoking ban. METHODS: We monitored vapor-phase nicotine concentrations in 44 public hospitals in Catalonia (Spain) before the smoking ban (September-December 2005) and one year after (September-December 2006). We installed 5-7 sampling devices per hospital for 7 days in different places (228 pairs of samples), and 198 pairs of samples were available for the final analysis. RESULTS: The median nicotine concentration declined from 0.23 microg/m(3) (interquartile range: 0.13-0.63) before the law to 0.10 microg/m(3) (interquartile range: 0.02-0.19) after the law (% decline=56.5, p<0.01). We observed significant reductions in the median nicotine concentrations in all hospital locations, although secondhand smoke exposure was still present in some places (main hospital entrance, emergency department waiting rooms, fire escapes, and cafeterias). CONCLUSIONS: Secondhand smoke in hospitals has decreased after the ban. Assessment of airborne nicotine concentrations appears to be an objective and feasible system to monitor and reinforce the compliance of smoke-free legislations in this setting. Descriptors Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Hospital Departments, Humans, Nicotine/analysis, Smoking/legislation & jurisprudence, Spain, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis/prevention & control Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Fernandez,E., Fu,M., Martinez,C., Martinez-Sanchez,J. M., Lopez,M. J., Martin-Pujol,A., Centrich,F., Munoz,G., Nebot,M., Salto,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080919 PMCID Editors
Pressurized hot water extraction coupled to solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments	2008	Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of A Coruna, Campus da Zapateira, A Coruna, Spain.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatography.A Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.A Pub Date Free Form 4-Jul Volume 1196-1197 Issue Start Page 65 Other Pages 72 Notes LR: 20090115; JID: 9318488; 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 2008/03/07 [received]; 2008/04/30 [revised]; 2008/05/07 [accepted]; 2008/05/10 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0021-9673; 0021-9673 Accession Number PMID: 18501367 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.05.006 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18501367 Abstract A fully automated, environmentally friendly, simple, and sensitive method was developed for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediment samples. The procedure is based on pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) followed by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. For PHWE, parameters such as organic modifier, percentage of organic modifier, temperature, and static extraction time were studied. For SPME, extraction temperature and time, desorption temperature and time, splitless time, ionic strength adjustments, and effect of an organic modifier were studied. When these parameters were selected, the figures of merit were calculated. The detection and quantification limits were between 0.4-15 microg kg(-1) and 1.2-51 microg kg(-1), respectively. The linearity of the method was assessed spiking sediment samples at seven levels of concentration ranged between 2.5 microg kg(-1) and 500 microg kg(-1) for most of the studied PAHs. The method was validated by two concentration levels reference marine sediment materials (SRM 1944 and SRM 1941b). The obtained results are in very good agreement with the certificate materials. The developed method seems to be suitable for the analysis of PAHs at ultratrace levels in environmental matrices as sediment samples. Descriptors Chemical Fractionation/instrumentation/methods, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/instrumentation/methods, Geologic Sediments/analysis/chemistry, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis/chemistry, Reproducibility of Results, Solid Phase Microextraction/instrumentation/methods, Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis/isolation & purification Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Fernandez-Gonzalez,V., Concha-Grana,E., Muniategui-Lorenzo,S., Lopez-Mahia,P., Prada-Rodriguez,D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080510 PMCID Editors
4-(4-Bromo-benzyl-ideneamino)-3-{1-[4-(2-methyl-prop-yl)phen-yl]eth-yl}-1-(mor-ph ol-ino-meth-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione	2008		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Acta crystallographica.Section E, Structure reports online Periodical, Abbrev. Acta Crystallogr.Sect.E.Struct.Rep.Online Pub Date Free Form 23-Jul Volume 64 Issue Pt 8 Start Page o1570 Other Pages 1 Notes LR: 20111209; JID: 101089178; OID: NLM: PMC2962191; 2008/07/13 [received]; 2008/07/18 [accepted]; 2008/07/23 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1600-5368; 1600-5368 Accession Number PMID: 21203272 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1107/S160053680802254X [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21203272 Abstract There are two mol-ecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(26)H(32)BrN(5)OS, with almost identical geometry. The morpholine ring adopts the usual chair conformation in both mol-ecules. The triazole ring forms dihedral angles of 4.84 (6) and 74.19 (6) degrees , respectively, with the bromo-phenyl and isobutylbenzene rings in mol-ecule A, and angles of 16.68 (7) and 87.29 (6) degrees , respectively, in mol-ecule B. Intra-molecular C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredS hydrogen bonds generate S(5) and S(6) ring motifs in both independent mol-ecules. The crystal structure is stabilized by C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN, C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredBr and C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen-bonding inter-actions, together with C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredpi inter-actions. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Fun,H. K., Jebas,S. R., Patil,P. S., Kalluraya,B., Muralidharan,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080723 PMCID PMC2962191 Editors
The development of tobacco use in adolescence among "snus starters" and "cigarette starters": an analysis of the Swedish "BROMS" cohort	2008	Tobacco Prevention, Stockholm Centre for Public Health, and Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. rosaria.galanti@sll.se	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 10 Issue 2 Start Page 315 Other Pages 323 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9815751; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1462-2203; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 18236296 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1080/14622200701825858 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18236296 Abstract Whether the use of smokeless tobacco can facilitate the transition to cigarette smoking and/or to prolonged tobacco use in adolescence is unclear. We analyzed data from a cohort of 2,938 Swedish adolescents, with six follow-up assessments of tobacco use between the ages of 11 and 18 years. The majority of tobacco users (70%) started by smoking cigarettes, 11% took up snus before smoking, and 19% used both tobacco types close in time. Ever users of tobacco at baseline had a higher risk of being current smokers and/or smokeless tobacco users at the end of follow-up compared with never users, with the highest excess relative risk for "mixed users." Adolescents who initiated tobacco use with cigarettes had a non-significantly increased probability to end up as current smokers compared with snus starters (adjusted OR=1.42; 95% CI 0.98-2.10) The OR of smoking for "mixed starters" was 2.54 (95% CI 1.68-3.91). The risk of becoming current user of any tobacco was also significantly enhanced for "mixed starters." Marked sex differences were observed in these associations, as initiation with cigarettes rather than with snus predicted current smoking or tobacco use only among females. Progression of tobacco use in adolescence is not predicted by onset with snus or cigarettes, but rather by initiation with both tobacco types close in time and/or at young age. The proportion of adolescent smoking prevalence attributable to a potential induction effect of snus is likely small. Descriptors Adolescent, Confidence Intervals, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Life Style, Male, Odds Ratio, Peer Group, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Risk-Taking, School Health Services/organization & administration, Smoking/epidemiology/psychology, Smoking Cessation/methods, Social Environment, Students/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sweden/epidemiology, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology/prevention & control, Tobacco, Smokeless Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Galanti,M. R., Rosendahl,I., Wickholm,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Clinical analysis of the soft tissue integration of non-submerged (ITI) and submerged (3i) implants: a prospective-controlled cohort study	2008	School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Bahia, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. rvgarcia@uol.com.br	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Clinical oral implants research Periodical, Abbrev. Clin.Oral Implants Res. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 19 Issue 10 Start Page 991 Other Pages 996 Notes JID: 9105713; 0 (Dental Implants); 68238-35-7 (Keratins); ppublish Place of Publication Denmark ISSN/ISBN 1600-0501; 0905-7161 Accession Number PMID: 18828814 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2007.01345.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18828814 Abstract AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the soft tissue integration of submerged and non-submerged implants by means of periodontal parameter assessments and analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-one patients, who received 42 non-submerged implants (ITI) and 48 submerged implants (3i), participated in the study. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between both groups considering gender; educational level; handedness; toothbrushing frequency; the number of auxiliary devices used; and smoking habits. The parameters assessed were gingival index (GI), plaque index (PII), retention index (RI), pocket probing depth (PPD) and keratinized mucosa index. RESULTS: At evaluation, 66.67% of all sites showed a GI of 0; 72.22% a PI of 0, and 93.33% the absence of calculus. The average PPD was 2.56 mm in the non-submerged and 2.70 mm in the submerged group. With regard to the width of keratinized mucosa, 100% of the ITI implants showed a band of keratinized gingiva around the implant, whereas 14.58% in the 3i group showed a complete absence of keratinized mucosa. The intra-examiner reproducibility was 90.96% for all parameters and the Kendall tau-b analysis showed a powerless correlation between the chosen parameters for both studied groups. CONCLUSIONS: The study material showed no major differences between submerged and non-submerged dental implants regarding GI, PII, RI and PPD, except the width of keratinized mucosa. Regarding the presence of keratinized mucosa, there is a need for further longitudinal studies to elucidate a possible benefit of one implant system over the other. Descriptors Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cohort Studies, Dental Devices, Home Care, Dental Implantation, Endosseous/methods, Dental Implants, Dental Plaque Index, Dental Prosthesis Design, Dental Prosthesis Retention, Educational Status, Female, Functional Laterality, Gingiva/pathology, Humans, Keratins, Male, Middle Aged, Periodontal Index, Periodontal Pocket/classification, Periodontium/physiopathology, Prospective Studies, Smoking, Toothbrushing, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Garcia,R. V., Kraehenmann,M. A., Bezerra,F. J., Mendes,C. M., Rapp,G. E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Tobacco use and cessation among Somalis in Minnesota	2008		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Am J Prev Med Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Volume 35 Issue 6 Start Page S457 Other Pages 62 Notes ID: 19012839 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: Somalis compose the largest African refugee group living in the U.S., with more than 10,330 primary arrivals in fiscal year 2006 alone. Half of all Somalis in the U.S. live in Minnesota. Although tobacco use is a considerable problem among Somalis, especially among men, little research has examined factors affecting tobacco use and cessation. METHODS: A sequential exploratory design informed the overall study methodology. Key informant interviews (n=20) and focus group discussions (13 groups; n=91) were conducted with Somali adults and youth in the fall of 2006 and the summer of 2007, respectively. Participants were asked about tobacco-use prevalence, prevention, and cessation, and the marketing of tobacco. RESULTS: Perceived prevalence of tobacco use by Somalis is high at 50%. The main reason for initiating tobacco use was the influence of friends or peer pressure and included other social factors. Prevention and cessation messages suggested by participants include medical advice, education on the negative health effects of tobacco use, religion, and the support of family and friends. Barriers to cessation include lack of insurance coverage, lack of knowledge on where to find assistance, and lack of cessation support groups. Severe social stigma for Somali female smokers poses specific challenges to prevention and intervention efforts. Water-pipe smoking is perceived to be prevalent, particularly among female youth. CONCLUSIONS: Somalis view tobacco use as an important issue in their community. Religious and social support and demographically targeted approaches should be key factors in creating effective prevention and cessation programs and must address water-pipe smoking. Descriptors Smoking/epidemiology, Adult, Aged, Female, Focus Groups, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Middle Aged, Minnesota/epidemiology, Smoking Cessation/methods, Somalia/ethnology, Urban Population, Young Adult Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2008.09.006 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Giuliani,Kristin K. W., Mire,Osman A., Jama,Safiya, Dubois,Diana K., Pryce,Douglas, Fahia,Saeed, Ehrlich,Laura C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Trends in species distribution and susceptibility of bloodstream isolates of Candida collected in Monterrey, Mexico, to seven antifungal agents: results of a 3-year (2004 to 2007) surveillance study	2008	Departamento de Microbiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Colonia Mitras Centro, Monterrey, NL, Mexico. gmglez@yahoo.com.mx	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of clinical microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Clin.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 46 Issue 9 Start Page 2902 Other Pages 2905 Notes LR: 20141120; JID: 7505564; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (ER 30346); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Pyrimidines); 0 (Thiazoles); 0 (Triazoles); 304NUG5GF4 (Itraconazole); 6TK1G07BHZ (posaconazole); 7XU7A7DROE (Amphotericin B); 8VZV102JFY (Fluconazole); F0XDI6ZL63 (cas Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1098-660X; 0095-1137 Accession Number PMID: 18632907 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1128/JCM.00937-08 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18632907 Abstract During a 3-year surveillance program (2004 to 2007) in Monterrey, Mexico, 398 isolates of Candida spp. were collected from five hospitals. We established the species distribution and in vitro susceptibilities of these isolates. The species included 127 Candida albicans strains, 151 C. parapsilosis strains, 59 C. tropicalis strains, 32 C. glabrata strains, 11 C. krusei strains, 5 C. guilliermondii strains, 4 C. famata strains, 2 C. utilis strains, 2 C. zeylanoides strains, 2 C. rugosa strains, 2 C. lusitaniae strains, and 1 C. boidinii strain. The species distribution differed with the age of the patients. The proportion of candidemias caused by C. parapsilosis was higher among infants 45 years old). MICs were calculated following the criteria of the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute reference broth macrodilution method. Overall, C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis isolates were susceptible to fluconazole and amphotericin B. However, 31.3% of C. glabrata isolates were resistant to fluconazole (MIC >or= 64 microg/ml), 43.3% were resistant to itraconazole (MIC >or= 1 microg/ml), and 12.5% displayed resistance to amphotericin B (MIC >or= 2 microg/ml). Newer triazoles, namely, voriconazole, posaconazole, and ravuconazole, had a notable in vitro activity against all Candida species tested. Also, caspofungin was active against Candida sp. isolates (MIC(90) <or= 0.5 microg/ml) except C. parapsilosis (MIC(90) = 2 microg/ml). It is imperative to promote a national-level surveillance program to monitor this important microorganism. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Amphotericin B/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Antifungal Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Candida/drug effects, Candida albicans/drug effects, Candida glabrata/drug effects, Candida tropicalis/drug effects, Candidiasis/drug therapy/microbiology, Child, Child, Preschool, Echinocandins/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Female, Fluconazole/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Itraconazole/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Male, Mexico, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Middle Aged, Pyrimidines/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Thiazoles/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Triazoles/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Voriconazole, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Gonzalez,G. M., Elizondo,M., Ayala,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080716 PMCID PMC2546732 Editors
Cigarette and waterpipe smoking among adolescents in Estonia: HBSC survey results, 1994-2006	2008		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC Public Health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form Volume 8 Issue Start Page 392 Other Pages 392 Notes ID: 19032756 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: Smoking is a major single cause of preventable morbidity and premature mortality. Tobacco use among adolescents is a significant public health problem as smoking behaviour is undeniably established in adolescence. While cigarette smoking among adolescents has been a significant public health problem for years, waterpipe smoking is considered to be a new global public health threat. The objectives of this study were to describe trends of cigarette smoking and the prevalence of waterpipe smoking and to study the association between cigarette and waterpipe smoking among adolescents in Estonia. METHODS: This study was based on a four-yearly HBSC survey of health behaviour among school-aged children conducted in 1994-2006 in Estonia. It was a school-based survey of a nationally representative sample using standardized methodology. The target group of the survey were 11-, 13-, and 15-year-old schoolchildren (N = 13826), 6656 boys and 7170 girls. Cigarette and waterpipe smoking was determined on a 4-stage scale: every day, at least once a week, less than once a week, not smoking. Logistic regression analysis was applied to examine gender- and age-specific smoking trends and to study the association between cigarette and waterpipe smoking. RESULTS: Prevalence of smoking was higher among boys than girls in all age groups during the whole study period. The prevalence of cigarette smoking increased in 1994-2002 and then slightly decreased in both genders. The increase in smoking was larger among girls. Among girls, daily smoking increased during the whole study period. Among 15-year-old schoolchildren one-third of the boys and one quarter of the girls were cigarette smokers, 21% of the boys and 12% of the girls were daily smokers in 2006. One fourth of the boys and one sixth of the girls were waterpipe smokers. A logistic regression analysis revealed a strong association between cigarette and waterpipe smoking among schoolchildren. CONCLUSION: The results of this study can significantly enhance the capacity to develop and implement tobacco prevention and control programmes among the youth in Estonia. Descriptors Smoking/epidemiology, Adolescent, Estonia/epidemiology, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2613150/?tool=pubmed; http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-8-392 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors PÃ¤rna,Kersti, Usin,Janika, Ringmets,Inge Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Six-minute walk test in obstructive sleep apnoea	2008	Zaklad Diagnostyki i Leczenia Niewydolnosci Oddychania Instytutu Gruzlicy i Chorob Pluc w Warszawie, Poland.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Pneumonologia i alergologia polska Periodical, Abbrev. Pneumonol.Alergol.Pol. Pub Date Free Form Volume 76 Issue 2 Start Page 75 Other Pages 82 Notes LR: 20120620; JID: 9302892; ppublish Place of Publication Poland ISSN/ISBN 0867-7077; 0867-7077 Accession Number PMID: 18464221 Language pol SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18464221 Abstract INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to assess results of 6MWT in non-selected group of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients. In healthy adult subjects 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) range from 400 to 700 m. Obesity, the main symptom of OSA, is one of the factors associated with reduction of 6MWD (another common factors: older age, shorter height, female sex, pulmonary, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal diseases). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Subjects completed sleep questionnaire and Epworth sleepiness scale before sleep studies (full polysomnography [PSG] or PolyMesam study [PM]). Consecutive OSA subjects (AHI/RDI >10, Epworth score > 9 points) were evaluated. The 6MWT, chest X-ray, spirometry, arterial blood gases, ECG, blood morphology and biochemistry were performed during trial treatment with autoCPAP. RESULTS: We studied 151 subjects (119 males - 78.8% and 32 females - 21.2%), mean age 53.4 +/- 10.5 years. Subjects were obese - BMI = 35.7 +/- 6.2 kg/m(2) and presented severe OSA - AHI/RDI = 42.4 +/- 23.2. To assess relations between 6MWD and AHI/RDI, BMI, age and concomitant diseases we divided subjects in two groups: 1(st) with 6MWD > or = lower limit of normal (LLN) (123 pts; 81.5%) and 2(nd) with 6MWD < LLN (28 pts; 18.5%). Significant differences between groups were found for BMI, FVC (% of predicted) and Borg dyspnea scale before and after 6MWT. In multiple linear regression analysis we found significant correlation between 6MWD and BMI (beta = 0.41, p < 0.0001) and arterial hypertension (beta = -0.16, p = 0.04). Females had significantly shorter 6MWD than males (401.1 +/- 83.6 m and 451.8 +/- 107 m, respectively; p = 0.01). Difference was significant after adjustment for BMI and age (analysis of covariance) - R = 0.61, R2 = 0.38 (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: BMI, female sex, arterial hypertension and lower FVC (% of predicted) were related to shorter 6-minute walking distance in OSA patients. Descriptors Adult, Aged, Body Height, Body Mass Index, Body Weight, Exercise Test/methods, Exercise Tolerance, Female, Humans, Hypertension/complications, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity/complications, Poland, Predictive Value of Tests, Regression Analysis, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/etiology/physiopathology, Spirometry, Walking Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Plywaczewski,R., Stoklosa,A., Bielen,P., Bednarek,M., Czerniawska,J., Jonczak,L., Gorecka,D., Sliwinski,P. Original/Translated Title Test 6-minutowego chodu u chorych na obturacyjny bezdech senny URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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