Image
WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year Sort ascending | Author | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| Addition of DNase improves the in vitro activity of antifungal drugs against Candida albicans biofilms | 2012 | IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Mycoses
Periodical, Abbrev.
Mycoses
Pub Date Free Form
Jan
Volume
55
Issue
1
Start Page
80
Other Pages
85
Notes
LR: 20150204; CI: (c) 2011; GR: 5R21DE017294/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/United States; GR: R21 AI080930/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States; GR: R21 AI080930-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States; GR: R21 DE017294/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/United States; GR: R21 DE017294-02/DE/NIDCR
Place of Publication
Germany
ISSN/ISBN
1439-0507; 0933-7407
Accession Number
PMID: 21668524
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1111/j.1439-0507.2011.02047.x [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21668524
Abstract
Cells within Candida albicans biofilms display decreased susceptibility to most clinically used antifungal agents. We recently demonstrated that extracellular DNA (eDNA) plays an important role in biofilm integrity, as a component of the biofilm matrix. This study aimed at gaining insights into the contributions of eDNA to C. albicans biofilms antifungal susceptibility by the investigation of the impact of the combined use of deoxyribonuclease I (DNase) and antifungals to treat biofilms. Candida albicans biofilms were formed using a simple and reproducible 96-well plate-based method. The activity of the combined use of 0.13 mg l(-1) DNase and antifungals was estimated using the 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide (XTT) reduction assay and total viable counts. Herein, we report the improved efficacy of amphotericin B when in combination with DNase against C. albicans biofilms, as assessed using XTT readings and viable counts. Furthermore, although DNase increased the efficacy of caspofungin in the reduction of mitochondrial activity, no changes were observed in terms of culturable cells. Deoxyribonuclease I did not affect biofilm cells susceptibility to fluconazole. This work suggests that agents that target processes affecting the biofilm structural integrity may have potential use as adjuvants of a catheter-lock therapy.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Blackwell Verlag GmbH
Data Source
Authors
Martins,M., Henriques,M., Lopez-Ribot,J.L., Oliveira,R.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20110612
PMCID
PMC3175262
Editors
|
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| Effect of self-administered auricular acupressure on smoking cessation--a pilot study | 2012 | Department of Family Medicine, Queen's University, 220 Bagot Street, Kingston, ON K7L 5E9, Canada. leungl@queensu.ca | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
BMC complementary and alternative medicine
Periodical, Abbrev.
BMC Complement.Altern.Med.
Pub Date Free Form
28-Feb
Volume
12
Issue
Start Page
11
Other Pages
12/11/6882
Notes
LR: 20150225; ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01389622; JID: 101088661; 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); OID: NLM: PMC3328240; 2011/07/27 [received]; 2012/02/28 [accepted]; 2012/02/28 [aheadofprint]; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1472-6882; 1472-6882
Accession Number
PMID: 22373002
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1186/1472-6882-12-11 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22373002
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoking is still a worldwide health risk. Current pharmacotherapies have at best, a success rate of no more than 50%. Auricular (ear) acupressure has been purported to be beneficial in achieving smoking cessation in some studies, while in others has been deemed insignificant. We hereby describe the protocol for a three-arm randomised controlled trial to examine the possible benefits of self-administered acupressure for smoking cessation. METHODS: Sixty consenting participants with confirmed habit of tobacco smoking will be recruited and randomized into three arms to receive either auricular acupressure at five true acupoints (NADA protocol), auricular acupressure at five sham points, or no auricular acupressure at all. Participants having auricular acupressure will exert firm pressure to each acupoint bilaterally via the bead in the attached plasters whenever they feel the urge to smoke. The treatment phase will last for six weeks during which all participants will be assessed weekly to review their smoking log, state of abstinence, end-exhalation carbon monoxide levels and possible adverse effects including withdrawal reactions and stress levels. At any time, a successful quit date will be defined with continuous abstinence for the following consecutive 7 days. From then on, participants will be evaluated individually for continuous abstinence rate (CAR), end-exhalation carbon monoxide levels and adverse effects of stress and withdrawal at specified intervals up to 26 weeks. Expectancy of treatment will be assessed with a four-item Borkovec and Nau self-assessment credibility scale during and after intervention. DISCUSSION: We incorporate validated outcome measures of smoking cessation into our randomised controlled trial design with the objectives to evaluate the feasibility and possible benefits of self-administered auricular acupressure as a non-invasive alternative to pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01389622 (registered Jul 7 2011).
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Leung,L., Neufeld,T., Marin,S.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20120228
PMCID
PMC3328240
Editors
|
|||
| Water pipe smoking and psychoactive substances | 2012 | Zaklad Chemii Ogolnej i Nieorganicznej, Wydzial Farmaceutyczny z Oddzialem Medycyny Laboratoryjnej, Slaski Uniwersytet Medyczny, Katowice. wzdanch@sum.edu.pl | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Przeglad lekarski
Periodical, Abbrev.
Przegl.Lek.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
69
Issue
10
Start Page
921
Other Pages
923
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 19840720R; 0 (Psychotropic Drugs); ppublish
Place of Publication
Poland
ISSN/ISBN
0033-2240; 0033-2240
Accession Number
PMID: 23421061
Language
pol
SubFile
English Abstract; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; IM
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23421061
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE: In recent years a water pipe gains popularity among Polish young people. Unfortunately, young people use it to burn not only tobacco, but also other addictive and psychoactive substances. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the study was to assess the phenomenon of using a water pipe to smoke psychoactive substances by young people. METHODS: The study was conducted based on the author's guestionnaire. The anonymous test was conducted throughout Poland, selecting randomly ten high schools and two universities from each province. RESULTS: In the survey participated 19 037 people from the region of Poland. 83% of them were high school pupils aged 15-19 years and 17% of them were students aged 20-25 years. 38% of volunteers at least once in their life have smoked a water pipe, and 22% have smoked it during last 30 days. Apart from tobacco 38% of the smoking people used also, apart from the tobacco designet for smoking in a water pipe, psychoactive substances. The most common is marihuana. 16% of school pupils and 17% of students used marihuana, 14% and 15% hashish, 8% and 11% crack, and 11% and 15% boosters. CONCLUSIONS: Presented data from all-Poland research conducted among school pupils and students illustrate only occasional and sporadic experience in drug use and the outright conclusions about the scale of the permanent use of psychoactive substances can not be drawn. A social aspect of a water pipe smoking is favourable to an alcohol consumption and lots of with different psychoactive substances. Due to the scale of the problem it is advisable to do in-depth research about the described phenomenon. It is also advisable to conduct more intensive programs to promote healthy behaviors and increase more attention to the reasons of such behaviour among young people.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Zielinska-Danch,W., Czogala,J., Adamczyk,R., Danch,M.
Original/Translated Title
Palenie fajki wodnej a substancje psychoaktywne
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Evaluation of the Sensititre Yeast One microdilution method for susceptibility testing of Candida species to anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin | 2012 | Servicio de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cadiz, Spain. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia
Periodical, Abbrev.
Rev.Esp.Quimioter.
Pub Date Free Form
Dec
Volume
25
Issue
4
Start Page
256
Other Pages
260
Notes
JID: 9108821; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Lipopeptides); 9HLM53094I (anidulafungin); F0XDI6ZL63 (caspofungin); R10H71BSWG (micafungin); ppublish
Place of Publication
Spain
ISSN/ISBN
1988-9518; 0214-3429
Accession Number
PMID: 23303256
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; IM
DOI
agudo [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23303256
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Echinocandins represent a new antifungal group with potent activity against Candida species. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the utility of the Sensititre Yeast One method to determine the in vitro activity of anidulafungin, micafungin, and caspofungin against Candida species isolated from clinical specimens. METHODS: A total of 131 Candida strains were tested using Sensititre Yeast One colorimetric microdilution method. They belonged to the following species: 42 C. albicans, 36 C. glabrata, 21 C. parapsilosis, 12 C. tropicalis, 10 C. krusei, 3 C. guilliermondii, 2 C. famata, 3 C. kefyr, 1 C. lusitaniae, 1 C. zeylanoides, and 1 C. lipolytica. For being considered susceptible the strains had to be inhibited by concentrations =2 mg/L of anidulafungin, caspofungin or micafungin. RESULTS: The 80.1% of the strains tested were inhibited by concentrations =0.25 mg/L of anidulafungin and micafungin. The activity of caspofungin was slightly lower (78.6% of strains inhibited by concentrations =0.25 mg/L). The 96.9% of strains turned out susceptible to concentrations =2 mg/L against the three echinocandins. Two strains of C. parapsilosis (9.5%), one of C. guilliermondii, and two of C. famata showed non-susceptible to one or more echinocandins. CONCLUSIONS: In our series, anidulafungin, micafungin, and caspofungin were effective against C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. kefyr, C. lusitaniae and C. lipolytica. The 96.9% of strains were susceptible to all three echinocandins. Thus, echinocandins are proved to exhibit excellent activity to the Candida species most frequently involved in human infections, except Candida parapsilosis.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Garcia-Agudo,L., Garcia-Martos,P., Martos-Canadas,J., Aznar-Marin,P., Marin-Casanova,P., Rodriguez-Iglesias,M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
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| Characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes found among Escherichia coli isolates from duck and environmental samples obtained on a duck farm | 2012 | College of Veterinary Medicine, National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Appl.Environ.Microbiol.
Pub Date Free Form
May
Volume
78
Issue
10
Start Page
3668
Other Pages
3673
Notes
LR: 20150225; GENBANK/HQ833651; GENBANK/JN232518; JID: 7605801; 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 0 (DNA Transposable Elements); 0 (DNA, Bacterial); 0 (beta-Lactams); EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases); OID: NLM: PMC3346353; 2012/03/09 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1098-5336; 0099-2240
Accession Number
PMID: 22407683
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1128/AEM.07507-11 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22407683
Abstract
In this study, we focused on evaluating the occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in fecal samples of healthy ducks and environmental samples from a duck farm in South China. Duck cloacal swabs and pond water samples were cultivated on MacConkey agar plates supplemented with ceftiofur. Individual colonies were examined for ESBL production. Bacteria identified as E. coli were screened for the presence of ESBL and plasmid-borne AmpC genes. The genetic relatedness, plasmid replicon type, and genetic background were determined. Of 245 samples analyzed, 123 had E. coli isolates with ceftiofur MICs higher than 8 mug/ml (116 [50.4%] from 230 duck samples and 7 [46.7%] from 15 water samples). bla(CTX-M), bla(SHV-12), bla(CMY-2), and bla(DHA-1) were identified in 108, 5, 9, and 1 isolates, respectively. The most common bla(CTX-M) genes were bla(CTX-M-27) (n = 34), bla(CTX-M-55) (n = 27), bla(CTX-M-24e) (n = 22), and bla(CTX-M-105) (n = 20), followed by bla(CTX-M-14a), bla(CTX-M-14b), bla(CTX-M-24a), and bla(CTX-M-24b). Although most of the CTX-M producers had distinct pulsotypes, clonal transmission between duck and water isolates was observed. bla(CTX-M) genes were carried by transferable IncN, IncF, and untypeable plasmids. The novel CTX-M gene bla(CTX-M-105) was flanked by two hypothetical protein sequences, partial ISEcp1 upstream and truncated IS903D, iroN, orf1, and a Tn1721-like element downstream. It is suggested that the horizontal transfer of bla(CTX-M) genes mediated by mobile elements and the clonal spread of CTX-M-producing E. coli isolates contributed to the dissemination of bla(CTX-M) in the duck farm. Our findings highlight the importance of ducks for the dissemination of transferable antibiotic resistance genes into the environment.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Ma,J., Liu,J.H., Lv,L., Zong,Z., Sun,Y., Zheng,H., Chen,Z., Zeng,Z.L.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20120309
PMCID
PMC3346353
Editors
|
|||
| Socioeconomic status and tobacco consumption among adolescents: a multilevel analysis of Argentina's Global Youth Tobacco Survey | 2012 | Direccion de Promocion de la Salud y Control de Enfermedades No Transmisibles, Ministerio de Salud de la Nacion, Av 9 de julio 1925 9no, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, C1073ABA, Argentina. blinetzky@msal.gov.ar | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Periodical, Abbrev.
Nicotine Tob.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Sep
Volume
14
Issue
9
Start Page
1092
Other Pages
1099
Notes
LR: 20150225; GR: R03 TW008105/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OID: NLM: PMC3529606; 2012/03/06 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1469-994X; 1462-2203
Accession Number
PMID: 22394595
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1093/ntr/nts004 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22394595
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The relationship between poverty and tobacco consumption among adolescents has not been extensively studied, and what evidence exists has come almost entirely from developed countries. Moreover, the impact of contextual factors--such as school-level poverty--remains unclear. METHODS: We obtained information about smoking behavior from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey in Argentina in 2007. School-level characteristics were derived by matching schools to census areas from the 2001 Census. Additional school-level information was obtained from the Ministry of Education. Random intercept models were used to evaluate the associations of school-level variables (poverty in the census area of the school, school receipt of social assistance, and public or private status) with current smoking, intention to quit, secondhand smoke exposure outside the home, support for smoke-free laws, purchase of single cigarettes among smokers, and susceptibility to smoking in 5 years among nonsmokers. RESULTS: After controlling for age and sex, students attending schools receiving social assistance were more likely to smoke (odds ratio [OR] 1.35, 95% CI 1.02-1.80) and to purchase loose cigarettes (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.08-2.54), whereas school poverty was significantly associated with secondhand smoke exposure (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.04-1.58). CONCLUSION: This study shows that an association exists between unfavorable contextual school characteristics and tobacco consumption and related measures among youth in Argentina. Efforts to prevent smoking may need to address the school-level factors that place youth at higher risk.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Linetzky,B., Mejia,R., Ferrante,D., De Maio,F.G., Diez Roux,A.V.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20120306
PMCID
PMC3529606
Editors
|
|||
| Web-based smoking cessation intervention that transitions from inpatient to outpatient: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial | 2012 | Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama 35249-7337, USA. kharring@uab.edu | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Trials
Periodical, Abbrev.
Trials
Pub Date Free Form
1-Aug
Volume
13
Issue
Start Page
123
Other Pages
6215-13-123
Notes
LR: 20150224; ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01277250; GR: 1U01DA031515/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: CA159533/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: DA031515/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: HL105218/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; GR: HL105229/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1745-6215; 1745-6215
Accession Number
PMID: 22852802
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
10.1186/1745-6215-13-123 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22852802
Abstract
BACKGROUND: E-health tools are a new mechanism to expand patient care, allowing supplemental resources to usual care, including enhanced patient-provider communication. These applications to smoking cessation have yet to be tested in a hospitalized patient sample. This project aims to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a tailored web-based and e-message smoking cessation program for current smokers that, upon hospital discharge, transitions the patient to continue a quit attempt when home (Decide2Quit). DESIGN: A randomized two-arm follow-up design will test the effectiveness of an evidence- and theoretically-based smoking cessation program designed for post-hospitalization. METHODS: A total of 1,488 patients aged 19 or older, who smoked cigarettes in the previous 30 days, are being recruited from 27 patient care areas of a large urban university hospital. Study-eligible hospitalized patients receiving usual tobacco cessation usual care are offered study referral. Trained hospital staff assist the 744 patients who are being randomized to the intervention arm with registration and orientation to the intervention website. This e-mail and web-based program offers tailored messages as well as education, self-assessment and planning aids, and social support to promote tobacco use cessation. Condition-blind study staff assess participants for tobacco use history and behaviors, tobacco use cost-related information, co-morbidities and psychosocial factors at 0, 3, 6, and 12 months. The primary outcome is self-reported 30-day tobacco abstinence at 6 months follow-up. Secondary outcomes include 7-day point prevalence quit rates at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up, 30-day point prevalence quit rates at 3 and 12 months, biologically confirmed tobacco abstinence at 6-month follow-up, and multiple point-prevalence quit rates based on self-reported tobacco abstinence rates at each follow-up time period. Healthcare utilization and quality of life are assessed at baseline, and 6- and 12-month follow-up to measure program cost-effectiveness from the hospital, healthcare payer, patient, and societal perspectives. DISCUSSION: Given the impact of tobacco use on medical resources, establishing feasible, cost-effective methods for reducing tobacco use is imperative. Given the minimal hospital staff burden and the automated transition to a post-hospitalization tailored intervention, this program could be an easily disseminated approach. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Intervention Trial NCT01277250.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Harrington,K.F., McDougal,J.A., Pisu,M., Zhang,B., Sadasivam,R.S., Houston,T.K., Bailey,W.C., CHART Collaborative Group
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20120801
PMCID
PMC3533743
Editors
|
|||
| Potent antiviral flavone glycosides from Ficus benjamina leaves | 2012 | Department of Virology and Developmental Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Fitoterapia
Periodical, Abbrev.
Fitoterapia
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
83
Issue
2
Start Page
362
Other Pages
367
Notes
LR: 20131121; CI: Copyright (c) 2011; JID: 16930290R; 0 (Antiviral Agents); 0 (Flavones); 0 (Glycosides); 0 (Plant Extracts); 525-82-6 (flavone); X4HES1O11F (Acyclovir); 2011/10/28 [received]; 2011/11/22 [revised]; 2011/11/25 [accepted]; 2011/12/03 [ahead
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1873-6971; 0367-326X
Accession Number
PMID: 22155188
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.fitote.2011.11.014 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22155188
Abstract
Crude ethanol extracts from Ficus benjamina leaves strongly inhibit Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1/2) as well as Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) cell infection in vitro. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude extract demonstrated that the most efficient inhibition of HSV-1 and HSV-2 was obtained with the flavonoid fraction. The present study was aimed to further isolate, purify and identify substances with potent antiviral activity from the flavonoid fraction of F. benjamina extracts. Flavonoids were collected from the leaf ethanol extracts through repeated purification procedure and HPLC analysis. The antiviral activity of each substance was then evaluated in cell culture. Three known flavone glycosides, (1) quercetin 3-O-rutinoside, (2) kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside and (3) kaempferol 3-O-robinobioside, showing highest antiviral efficiency were selected and their structure was determined by spectroscopic analyses including NMR and mass spectrometry (MS). These three flavones were highly effective against HSV-1 reaching a selectivity index (SI) of 266, 100 and 666 for compound 1, 2 and 3, respectively, while the SI of their aglycons, quercetin and kaempferol amounted only in 7.1 and 3.2, respectively. Kaempferol 3-O-robinobioside showed similar SI to that of acyclovir (ACV), the standard anti-HSV drug. Although highly effective against HSV-1 and HSV-2, these flavone glycosides did not show any significant activity against VZV.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier B.V
Data Source
Authors
Yarmolinsky,L., Huleihel,M., Zaccai,M., Ben-Shabat,S.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20111203
PMCID
Editors
|
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| Effectiveness of the European Union text-only cigarette health warnings: findings from four countries | 2012 | Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. schitchm@uwaterloo.ca | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
European journal of public health
Periodical, Abbrev.
Eur.J.Public Health
Pub Date Free Form
Oct
Volume
22
Issue
5
Start Page
693
Other Pages
699
Notes
LR: 20150203; GR: 79551/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada; GR: C312/A6465/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom; GR: P50 CA111236/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA100362/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9204966; OID: NLM: PMC3457002; 2011
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1464-360X; 1101-1262
Accession Number
PMID: 21920847
Language
eng
SubFile
Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
ckr099 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21920847
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The European Commission requires tobacco products sold in the European Union to display standardized text health warnings. This article examines the effectiveness of the text health warnings among daily cigarette smokers in four Member States. METHODS: Data were drawn from nationally representative samples of smokers from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project surveys in France (2007), Germany (2007), the Netherlands (2008) and the UK (2006). We examined: (i) smokers' ratings of the health warnings on warning salience, thoughts of harm and quitting and forgoing of cigarettes; (ii) impact of the warnings using a Labels Impact Index (LII), with higher scores signifying greater impact; and (iii) differences on the LII by demographic characteristics and smoking behaviour. RESULTS: Scores on the LII differed significantly across countries. Scores were highest in France, lower in the UK, and lowest in Germany and the Netherlands. Across all countries, scores were significantly higher among low-income smokers, smokers who had made a quit attempt in the past year and smokers who smoked fewer cigarettes per day. CONCLUSION: The impact of the health warnings varies greatly across countries. Impact tended to be highest in countries with more comprehensive tobacco control programmes. Because the impact of the warnings was highest among smokers with the lowest socioeconomic status (SES), this research suggests that health warnings could be more effective among smokers from lower SES groups. Differences in warning label impact by SES should be further investigated.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Hitchman,S.C., Mons,U., Nagelhout,G.E., Guignard,R., Mcneill,A., Willemsen,M.C., Driezen,P., Wilquin,J.L., Beck,F., Du-Roscoat,E., Potschke-Langer,M., Hammond,D., Fong,G.T.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20110915
PMCID
PMC3457002
Editors
|
|||
| Multivariate carbon and nitrogen stable isotope model for the reconstruction of prehistoric human diet | 2012 | Department of Community Health, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA. andrew.froehle@wright.edu | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
American Journal of Physical Anthropology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Am.J.Phys.Anthropol.
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
147
Issue
3
Start Page
352
Other Pages
369
Notes
LR: 20120910; CI: Copyright (c) 2011; JID: 0400654; 0 (Apatites); 0 (Carbon Isotopes); 0 (Dietary Proteins); 0 (Nitrogen Isotopes); 9007-34-5 (Collagen); EIN: Am J Phys Anthropol. 2012 Aug;148(4):657; 2011/06/23 [received]; 2011/10/29 [accepted]; 2011/12/
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1096-8644; 0002-9483
Accession Number
PMID: 22213005
Language
eng
SubFile
Historical Article; Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1002/ajpa.21651 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22213005
Abstract
Using a sample of published archaeological data, we expand on an earlier bivariate carbon model for diet reconstruction by adding bone collagen nitrogen stable isotope values (delta(15) N), which provide information on trophic level and consumption of terrestrial vs. marine protein. The bivariate carbon model (delta(13) C(apatite) vs. delta(13) C(collagen) ) provides detailed information on the isotopic signatures of whole diet and dietary protein, but is limited in its ability to distinguish between C(4) and marine protein. Here, using cluster analysis and discriminant function analysis, we generate a multivariate diet reconstruction model that incorporates delta(13) C(apatite) , delta(13) C(collagen) , and delta(15) N holistically. Inclusion of the delta(15) N data proves useful in resolving protein-related limitations of the bivariate carbon model, and splits the sample into five distinct dietary clusters. Two significant discriminant functions account for 98.8% of the sample variance, providing a multivariate model for diet reconstruction. Both carbon variables dominate the first function, while delta(15) N most strongly influences the second. Independent support for the functions' ability to accurately classify individuals according to diet comes from a small sample of experimental rats, which cluster as expected from their diets. The new model also provides a statistical basis for distinguishing between food sources with similar isotopic signatures, as in a previously analyzed archaeological population from Saipan (see Ambrose et al.: AJPA 104(1997) 343-361). Our model suggests that the Saipan islanders' (13) C-enriched signal derives mainly from sugarcane, not seaweed. Further development and application of this model can similarly improve dietary reconstructions in archaeological, paleontological, and primatological contexts.
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Database
Publisher
Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Data Source
Authors
Froehle,A.W., Kellner,C.M., Schoeninger,M.J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20111230
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