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Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
Association of esophageal inflammation, obesity and gastroesophageal reflux disease: from FDG PET/CT perspective	2014	Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Cardiology Division of Cardiovascular Medical Cen	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full PloS one Periodical, Abbrev. PLoS One Pub Date Free Form 18-Mar Volume 9 Issue 3 Start Page e92001 Other Pages Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 101285081; 0Z5B2CJX4D (Fluorodeoxyglucose F18); OID: NLM: PMC3958434; 2014 [ecollection]; 2013/11/22 [received]; 2014/02/15 [accepted]; 2014/03/18 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1932-6203; 1932-6203 Accession Number PMID: 24642729 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0092001 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24642729 Abstract OBJECTIVE: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is associated with bothersome symptoms and neoplastic progression into Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. We aim to determine the correlation between GERD, esophageal inflammation and obesity with 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). METHODS: We studied 458 subjects who underwent a comprehensive health check-up, which included an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, FDG PET/CT and complete anthropometric measures. GERD symptoms were evaluated with Reflux Disease Questionnaire. Endoscopically erosive esophagitis was scored using the Los Angeles classification system. Inflammatory activity, represented by standardized uptake values (SUVmax) of FDG at pre-determined locations of esophagus, stomach and duodenum, were compared. Association between erosive esophagitis, FDG activity and anthropometric evaluation, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes were analyzed. RESULTS: Subjects with erosive esophagitis (n = 178, 38.9%) had significantly higher SUVmax at middle esophagus (2.69+/-0.74 vs. 2.41+/-0.57, P<.001 and="" esophagogastric="" junction="" vs.="" p="" marginally="" higher="" at="" upper="" esophageal="" sphincter="" but="" not="" in="" stomach="" or="" duodenum.="" the="" severity="" of="" erosive="" esophagitis="" correlated="" with="" suvmax="" subjects="" barrett="" esophagus="" had="" highest="" middle="" junction.="" heartburn="" positively="" oesophagus="" .262="" using="" multivariate="" regression="" analyses="" age="" .027="" total="" cholesterol="" level="" .003="" alcohol="" drinking="" .03="" subcutaneous="" adipose="" tissue="" bmi="" waist="" circumference="" were="" independently="" associated="" respective="" locations.="" conclusions:="" inflammation="" demonstrated="" by="" fdg="" pet="" correlates="" endoscopic="" findings="" symptomatology="" gerd.="" obesity="" markers="" both="" visceral="" general="" are="" independent="" determinants="" inflammation.=""> Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wu,Y.W., Tseng,P.H., Lee,Y.C., Wang,S.Y., Chiu,H.M., Tu,C.H., Wang,H.P., Lin,J.T., Wu,M.S., Yang,W.S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140318 PMCID PMC3958434 Editors
Electronic cigarettes and conventional cigarette use among U.S. adolescents: a cross-sectional study	2014		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full JAMA pediatrics Periodical, Abbrev. JAMA Pediatr. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 168 Issue 7 Start Page 610 Other Pages 617 Notes LR: 20150515; GR: CA-060121/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: CA-113710/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA061021/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R25 CA113710/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 101589544; CIN: JAMA Pediatr. 2014 Aug;168(8):776-7. P Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 2168-6211; 2168-6203 Accession Number PMID: 24604023 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; AIM; IM DOI 1840772 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24604023 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To examine e-cigarette use and conventional cigarette smoking. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional analyses of survey data from a representative sample of US middle and high school students in 2011 (n = 17 353) and 2012 (n = 22 529) who completed the 2011 and 2012 National Youth Tobacco Survey. EXPOSURES: Ever and current e-cigarette use. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Experimentation with, ever, and current smoking, and smoking abstinence. RESULTS: Among cigarette experimenters (1 puff), ever e-cigarette use was associated with higher odds of ever smoking cigarettes (100 cigarettes; odds ratio [OR] = 6.31; 95% CI, 5.39-7.39) and current cigarette smoking (OR = 5.96; 95% CI, 5.67-6.27). Current e-cigarette use was positively associated with ever smoking cigarettes (OR = 7.42; 95% CI, 5.63-9.79) and current cigarette smoking (OR = 7.88; 95% CI, 6.01-10.32). In 2011, current cigarette smokers who had ever used e-cigarettes were more likely to intend to quit smoking within the next year (OR = 1.53; 95% CI, 1.03-2.28). Among experimenters with conventional cigarettes, ever use of e-cigarettes was associated with lower 30-day (OR = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.21-0.28), 6-month (OR = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.21-0.28), and 1-year (OR = 0.25; 95% CI, 0.21-0.30) abstinence from cigarettes. Current e-cigarette use was also associated with lower 30-day (OR = 0.11; 95% CI, 0.08-0.15), 6-month (OR = 0.11; 95% CI, 0.08-0.15), and 1-year (OR = 0.12; 95% CI, 0.07-0.18) abstinence. Among ever smokers of cigarettes (100 cigarettes), ever e-cigarette use was negatively associated with 30-day (OR = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.42-0.89), 6-month (OR = 0.53; 95% CI, 0.33-0.83), and 1-year (OR = 0.32; 95% CI, 0.18-0.56) abstinence from conventional cigarettes. Current e-cigarette use was also negatively associated with 30-day (OR = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.18-0.69), 6-month (OR = 0.30; 95% CI, 0.13-0.68), and 1-year (OR = 0.34; 95% CI, 0.13-0.87) abstinence. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Use of e-cigarettes was associated with higher odds of ever or current cigarette smoking, higher odds of established smoking, higher odds of planning to quit smoking among current smokers, and, among experimenters, lower odds of abstinence from conventional cigarettes. Use of e-cigarettes does not discourage, and may encourage, conventional cigarette use among U.S. adolescents. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Dutra,L.M., Glantz,S.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4142115 Editors
Analysis of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and its hydrolytic metabolites in biological specimens by high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry	2014	Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.; Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.; Departm	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatography.B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.B.Analyt Technol.Biomed.Life.Sci. Pub Date Free Form 15-Aug Volume 965 Issue Start Page 33 Other Pages 38 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2014; JID: 101139554; 0 (Benzhydryl Compounds); 0 (Epoxy Compounds); F3XRM1NX4H (2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane); OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/12/13 [received]; 2014/05/03 [revised]; 2014/06/06 [accepted]; 2014/06/18 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-376X; 1570-0232 Accession Number PMID: 24980807 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.06.005 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24980807 Abstract Due to its cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and adipogenicity observed in in vitro studies, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) may pose a health risk to humans. Quantifying BADGE exposure is an essential step to assess potential health risks associated with this ubiquitous compound widely used in certain plastic products. Due to the lack of endogenous sources for BADGE, bio-monitoring of BADGE and/or its hydrolytic metabolites (BADGE.H2O and BADGE.2H2O) can be a useful means to measure exposure. In this study, we developed a highly specific and sensitive method to measure BADGE, BADGE.H2O and BADGE.2H2O in plasma and urine, using a fast liquid-liquid extraction technique followed by a high-performance liquid chromatography and positive electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method. The method can quantify BADGE, BADGE.H2O and BADGE.2H2O with lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) of 0.05, 0.05 and 0.2 ng/ml, respectively. The percentage deviation of mean calculated concentrations from target concentrations was within 20%, variations across repeated analyses were within 15%, and mean extraction recovery was higher than 51.4% for all the three analytes in both plasma and urine matrices. The method has been applied to venous blood samples, cord blood samples, and urine samples collected from 9 to 14 adult volunteers. Results showed that concentrations of BADGE were lower than LLOQ in all of these samples except one urine sample. Low levels of BADGE.H2O from 0.108 to 0.222 ng/ml were observed in four venous blood samples and one urine sample (0.187 ng/ml). In contrast, concentrations of BADGE.2H2O were higher than LLOQ, varying from 0.660 to 303.593 ng/ml, in all the 10 venous blood samples and 1 cord blood sample (0.592 ng/ml) and two urine samples (0.200 and 0.306 ng/ml). The results suggest that bio-monitoring of blood and urine for BADGE exposure should focus on the hydrolysis derivatives of BADGE, mainly in the form of BADGE.2H2O. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Chang,Y., Nguyen,C., Paranjpe,V.R., Gilliland,F., Zhang,J.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140618 PMCID Editors
Ebola virus disease outbreak - Nigeria, July-September 2014	2014		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep. Pub Date Free Form 3-Oct Volume 63 Issue 39 Start Page 867 Other Pages 872 Notes JID: 7802429; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1545-861X; 0149-2195 Accession Number PMID: 25275332 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI mm6339a5 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25275332 Abstract On July 20, 2014, an acutely ill traveler from Liberia arrived at the international airport in Lagos, Nigeria, and was confirmed to have Ebola virus disease (Ebola) after being admitted to a private hospital. This index patient potentially exposed 72 persons at the airport and the hospital. The Federal Ministry of Health, with guidance from the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), declared an Ebola emergency. Lagos, (pop. 21 million) is a regional hub for economic, industrial, and travel activities and a setting where communicable diseases can be easily spread and transmission sustained. Therefore, implementing a rapid response using all available public health assets was the highest priority. On July 23, the Federal Ministry of Health, with the Lagos State government and international partners, activated an Ebola Incident Management Center as a precursor to the current Emergency Operations Center (EOC) to rapidly respond to this outbreak. The index patient died on July 25; as of September 24, there were 19 laboratory-confirmed Ebola cases and one probable case in two states, with 894 contacts identified and followed during the response. Eleven patients with laboratory-confirmed Ebola had been discharged, an additional patient was diagnosed at convalescent stage, and eight patients had died (seven with confirmed Ebola; one probable). The isolation wards were empty, and 891 (all but three) contacts had exited follow-up, with the remainder due to exit on October 2. No new cases had occurred since August 31, suggesting that the Ebola outbreak in Nigeria might be contained. The EOC, established quickly and using an Incident Management System (IMS) to coordinate the response and consolidate decision making, is largely credited with helping contain the Nigeria outbreak early. National public health emergency preparedness agencies in the region, including those involved in Ebola responses, should consider including the development of an EOC to improve the ability to rapidly respond to urgent public health threats. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Shuaib,F., Gunnala,R., Musa,E.O., Mahoney,F.J., Oguntimehin,O., Nguku,P.M., Nyanti,S.B., Knight,N., Gwarzo,N.S., Idigbe,O., Nasidi,A., Vertefeuille,J.F., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Repurposing as a means to increase the activity of amphotericin B and caspofungin against Candida albicans biofilms	2014	Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, CMPG, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, Box 2460, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy Periodical, Abbrev. J.Antimicrob.Chemother. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 69 Issue 4 Start Page 1035 Other Pages 1044 Notes JID: 7513617; 0 (Androstenes); 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Echinocandins); 7NFE54O27T (Toremifene); 7XU7A7DROE (Amphotericin B); F0XDI6ZL63 (caspofungin); K7V8Y90G0H (perhexiline maleate); KU65374X44 (Perhexiline); N295J34A25 (drospirenone); OTO: NOTNLM; 20 Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1460-2091; 0305-7453 Accession Number PMID: 24284780 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/jac/dkt449 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24284780 Abstract OBJECTIVES: Biofilms of Candida species, often formed on medical devices, are generally resistant to currently available antifungal drugs. The aim of this study was to identify compounds that increase the activity of amphotericin B and caspofungin, commonly used antifungal agents, against Candida biofilms. METHODS: A library containing off-patent drugs was screened for compounds, termed enhancers, that increase the in vitro activity of amphotericin B against Candida albicans biofilms. Biofilms were grown in 96-well plates and growth was determined by the cell titre blue assay. Synergy between identified enhancers and antifungal agents was further characterized in vitro using fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) values and in vivo using a worm biofilm infection model. In light of the application of these enhancers onto implants, their possible effect on the growth potential of MG63 osteoblast-like cells was assessed. RESULTS: Pre-incubation of C. albicans biofilms with subinhibitory concentrations of the enhancers drospirenone, perhexiline maleate or toremifene citrate significantly increased the activity of amphotericin B or caspofungin (FICI Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Delattin,N., De Brucker,K., Vandamme,K., Meert,E., Marchand,A., Chaltin,P., Cammue,B.P., Thevissen,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20131127 PMCID Editors
Ultrasound detection of vascular decompression bubbles: the influence of new technology and considerations on bubble load	2014	SLB Consulting, C/O The Barn, Manor House Wynd, Winton, Cumbria, CA17 4HL, UK, Phone: +44-(0)771-442-2042, E-mail: lesley@chapelclose20.fsnet.co.uk.; Department of Environmental Physiology, School of Technology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology, S	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Diving and hyperbaric medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Diving.Hyperb.Med. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 44 Issue 1 Start Page 35 Other Pages 44 Notes LR: 20141212; JID: 101282742; OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/08/02 [received]; 2014/01/26 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication Australia ISSN/ISBN 1833-3516; 1833-3516 Accession Number PMID: 24687484 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24687484 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Diving often causes the formation of 'silent' bubbles upon decompression. If the bubble load is high, then the risk of decompression sickness (DCS) and the number of bubbles that could cross to the arterial circulation via a pulmonary shunt or patent foramen ovale increase. Bubbles can be monitored aurally, with Doppler ultrasound, or visually, with two dimensional (2D) ultrasound imaging. Doppler grades and imaging grades can be compared with good agreement. Early 2D imaging units did not provide such comprehensive observations as Doppler, but advances in technology have allowed development of improved, portable, relatively inexpensive units. Most now employ harmonic technology; it was suggested that this could allow previously undetectable bubbles to be observed. METHODS: This paper provides a review of current methods of bubble measurement and how new technology may be changing our perceptions of the potential relationship of these measurements to decompression illness. Secondly, 69 paired ultrasound images were made using conventional 2D ultrasound imaging and harmonic imaging. Images were graded on the Eftedal-Brubakk (EB) scale and the percentage agreement of the images calculated. The distribution of mismatched grades was analysed. RESULTS: Fifty-four of the 69 paired images had matching grades. There was no significant difference in the distribution of high or low EB grades for the mismatched pairs. CONCLUSIONS: Given the good level of agreement between pairs observed, it seems unlikely that harmonic technology is responsible for any perceived increase in observed bubble loads, but it is probable that our increasing use of 2D ultrasound to assess dive profiles is changing our perception of 'normal' venous and arterial bubble loads. Methods to accurately investigate the load and size of bubbles developed will be helpful in the future in determining DCS risk. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Blogg,S.L., Gennser,M., Mollerlokken,A., Brubakk,A.O. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Gender and social disparities in esophagus cancer incidence in Iran, 2003-2009: a time trend province-level study	2014	Research Center for Health Services Management, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran and Health Economics Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden E-mail : aliasghar.ahmad	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP Periodical, Abbrev. Asian Pac.J.Cancer.Prev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 15 Issue 2 Start Page 623 Other Pages 627 Notes JID: 101130625; ppublish Place of Publication Thailand ISSN/ISBN 1513-7368; 1513-7368 Accession Number PMID: 24568468 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24568468 Abstract BACKGROUND: Esophagus cancer (EC) is among the five most common cancers in both sexes in Iran, with an incidence rate well above world average. Social rank (SR) of individuals and regions are well-known independent predictors of EC incidence. The aim of current study was to assess gender and social disparities in EC incidence across Iran's provinces through 2003-2009. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data on distribution of population at province level were obtained from the Statistical Centre of Iran. Age-standardized incidence rates of EC were gathered from the National Cancer Registry. The Human Development Index (HDI) was used to assess the province social rank. Rate ratios and Kunst and Mackenbach relative indices of inequality (RIIKM) were used to assess gender and social inequalities, respectively. Annual percentage change (APC) was calculated using joinpoint regression. RESULTS: EC incidence rate increased 4.6% and 6.5% per year among females and males, respectively. There were no gender disparities in EC incidence over the study period. There were substantial social disparities in favor of better-off provinces in Iran. These social disparities were generally the same between males and females and were stable over the study period. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed an inverse association between the provinces' social rank and EC incidence rate in Iran. In addition, I found that, in contrast with international trends, women are at the same risk of EC as men in Iran. Further investigations are needed to explain these disparities in EC incidence across the provinces. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kiadaliri,A.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Activities of fluconazole, caspofungin, anidulafungin, and amphotericin B on planktonic and biofilm Candida species determined by microcalorimetry	2014	Septic Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Periodical, Abbrev. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 58 Issue 5 Start Page 2709 Other Pages 2717 Notes JID: 0315061; 0 (Echinocandins); 7XU7A7DROE (Amphotericin B); 8VZV102JFY (Fluconazole); 9HLM53094I (anidulafungin); F0XDI6ZL63 (caspofungin); OID: NLM: PMC3993256; 2014/02/24 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1098-6596; 0066-4804 Accession Number PMID: 24566186 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1128/AAC.00057-14 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24566186 Abstract We investigated the activities of fluconazole, caspofungin, anidulafungin, and amphotericin B against Candida species in planktonic form and biofilms using a highly sensitive assay measuring growth-related heat production (microcalorimetry). C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, and C. parapsilosis were tested, and MICs were determined by the broth microdilution method. The antifungal activities were determined by isothermal microcalorimetry at 37 degrees C in RPMI 1640. For planktonic Candida, heat flow was measured in the presence of antifungal dilutions for 24 h. Candida biofilm was formed on porous glass beads for 24 h and exposed to serial dilutions of antifungals for 24 h, and heat flow was measured for 48 h. The minimum heat inhibitory concentration (MHIC) was defined as the lowest antifungal concentration reducing the heat flow peak by >/=50% (>/=90% for amphotericin B) at 24 h for planktonic Candida and at 48 h for Candida biofilms (measured also at 24 h). Fluconazole (planktonic MHICs, 0.25 to >512 mug/ml) and amphotericin B (planktonic MHICs, 0.25 to 1 mug/ml) showed higher MHICs than anidulafungin (planktonic MHICs, 0.015 to 0.5 mug/ml) and caspofungin (planktonic MHICs, 0.125 to 0.5 mug/ml). Against Candida species in biofilms, fluconazole's activity was reduced by >1,000-fold compared to its activity against the planktonic counterparts, whereas echinocandins and amphotericin B mainly preserved their activities. Fluconazole induced growth of planktonic C. krusei at sub-MICs. At high concentrations of caspofungin (>4 mug/ml), paradoxical growth of planktonic C. albicans and C. glabrata was observed. Microcalorimetry enabled real-time evaluation of antifungal activities against planktonic and biofilm Candida organisms. It can be used in the future to evaluate new antifungals and antifungal combinations and to study resistant strains. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Maiolo,E.M., Furustrand Tafin,U., Borens,O., Trampuz,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140224 PMCID PMC3993256 Editors
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Barrett's Esophagus in Patients with GERD in Northern India; Do Methylene Blue-directed Biopsies Improve Detection of Barrett's Esophagus Compared the Conventional Method?	2014	Department of Gastroenterology, India.; Resident, Department of Internal Medicine, India.; Professor, Department of Gastroenterology, India.; Student, Department of Internal Medicine, India.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Middle East journal of digestive diseases Periodical, Abbrev. Middle East.J.Dig.Dis. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 6 Issue 4 Start Page 228 Other Pages 236 Notes LR: 20141030; JID: 101535395; OID: NLM: PMC4208931; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/05/21 [received]; 2014/09/09 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication Iran ISSN/ISBN 2008-5230; 2008-5230 Accession Number PMID: 25349686 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25349686 Abstract BACKGROUND The reported rates of Barrett's esophagus (BE) ranged from 2.6% to 23% in Indian patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms. The role of methylene blue chromoendoscopy during endoscopy, either for the diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus or for the detection of dysplasia and early cancer, remains controversial. AIM: Our study was designed to find out the endoscopic as well as histological prevalence of BE in India in a specified patient population affected by GERD, and whether methylene blue chromoendoscopy improves detection of specialized intestinal metaplasia in endoscopically suspected Barrett's esophagus in GERD patients. METHODS Three hundred and seventy eight patients with characteristic symptoms of GERD from Northern India were subjected to upper endoscopy. On endoscopic suspicion of columnar lined epithelium (CLE) either 4-quadrant conventional biopsies at 2 cm interval or Methylene Blue (MB) directed biopsies were obtained randomly. The two groups were compared for the detection of Specialized Intestinal Metaplasia (SIM), which was diagnosed if the intestinal goblet cells were present. RESULTS Out of 378 patients with GERD, 56 (14.81%) were suspected of CLE on endoscopy. After taking biopsy samples from the 56 patients, only 9 (2.38%) had specialized intestinal metaplasia on histopathological examination. Five (15.15%) patients in the conventional group and four (17.39%) patients in the chromoendoscopy group (p=0.55) were diagnosed as having BE. On univariate analysis the predictors of SIM were symptoms of reflux and length of CLE. CONCLUSION The prevalence of biopsy proven BE and CLE in Northern India was 2.38% and 14.81%, respectively in patients with symptoms of GERD. The results of MB directed biopsies were similar to conventional biopsies in detecting SIM. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wani,I.R., Showkat,H.I., Bhargav,D.K., Samer,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4208931 Editors
Symptoms of tobacco dependence among middle and high school tobacco users: results from the 2012 National Youth Tobacco Survey	2014	Office of Science Rockville, Maryland. Electronic address: benjamin.apelberg@fda.hhs.gov.; Office of Science Rockville, Maryland.; Office of Science Rockville, Maryland.; Office of Science Rockville, Maryland.; Office of the Center Director, Center for To	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Preventive Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 47 Issue 2 Suppl 1 Start Page S4 Other Pages 14 Notes LR: 20160221; CI: Published by Elsevier Inc.; GR: CC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United States; JID: 8704773; HHSPA726039; OID: NLM: HHSPA726039; OID: NLM: PMC4624110; 2013/11/28 [received]; 2014/04/24 [revised]; 2014/04/29 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-2607; 0749-3797 Accession Number PMID: 25044195 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2014.04.013 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25044195 Abstract BACKGROUND: A growing body of evidence suggests that tobacco dependence symptoms can occur soon after smoking onset and with low levels of use. However, limited data are available nationally and among non-cigarette tobacco users. PURPOSE: To examine the prevalence and determinants of tobacco dependence symptoms among adolescent tobacco users in the 2012 National Youth Tobacco Survey, a nationally representative, school-based survey of U.S. middle and high school students. METHODS: Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of dependence symptoms among current users (i.e., past 30-day use) of cigarettes, cigars, or smokeless tobacco. Analyses were conducted in 2013 using SAS-callable SUDAAN, version 11 to account for the complex survey design. RESULTS: Prevalence of tobacco dependence symptoms ranged from 20.8% (95% CI=18.6, 23.1) of current tobacco users reporting wanting to use tobacco within 30 minutes of waking to 41.9% (95% CI=39.3, 44.5) reporting recent strong cravings. Reporting of dependence symptoms was most consistently associated with polytobacco use, higher frequency of use, earlier initiation age, and female gender. A 2-4-fold increase in the odds of symptom reporting was found in adolescents using tobacco products on as few as 3-5 days compared to those who only used it for 1-2 of the past 30 days. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of U.S. adolescent tobacco users, including those with low levels of use, report symptoms of tobacco dependence. These findings demonstrate the need for full implementation of evidence-based strategies to prevent both experimentation and progression to regular tobacco use among youth. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Apelberg,B.J., Corey,C.G., Hoffman,A.C., Schroeder,M.J., Husten,C.G., Caraballo,R.S., Backinger,C.L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4624110 Editors

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