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The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year Sort ascending | Author | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fiber-assisted emulsification microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of aromatic amines in aqueous samples | 2014 | School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangzhou Fiber Product Testing Institute, Guangzhou 510220, China.; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Chi | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of chromatography.A
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Chromatogr.A
Pub Date Free Form
26-Sep
Volume
1361
Issue
Start Page
16
Other Pages
22
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2014; JID: 9318488; 0 (Amines); 0 (Emulsions); 0 (Solutions); 059QF0KO0R (Water); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/06/12 [received]; 2014/07/23 [revised]; 2014/07/24 [accepted]; 2014/08/01 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1873-3778; 0021-9673
Accession Number
PMID: 25152494
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.chroma.2014.07.070 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25152494
Abstract
A novel fiber-assisted emulsification microextraction (FAEME) method was developed for the determination of eight aromatic amines (AAs) in aqueous samples. In this method, the extraction solvent (100 muL chlorobenzene) and the dispersive material (1.0mg kapok fiber fragments) were added successively into the aqueous sample (5.0 mL), and then the mixture was emulsified by ultrasound to form the cloudy solution. Phase separation was performed by centrifugation, and the sedimented phase was transferred to micro-inserts with a microsyringe for analysis. All variables involved in the extraction process were identified and optimized. By coupling the analysis with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), excellent detection limits (0.01-0.2 mug L(-1)), good precision (RSDs, 3.33-6.56%) and linear ranges (0.10-160 mug L(-1) and 1.0-160 mug L(-1)) were obtained. Compared with the traditional solvent-emulsification method, the extraction recoveries of the proposed method were much higher. Satisfactory recoveries were achieved when the method was used for the analysis of AAs in spiked real water samples.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier B.V
Data Source
Authors
Feng,W., Jiang,R., Chen,B., Ouyang,G.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140801
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Benzene homologues in environmental matrixes from a pesticide chemical region in China: Occurrence, health risk and management | 2014 | State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China. Electronic address: wangty@rcees.ac.cn.; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research C | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety
Periodical, Abbrev.
Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf.
Pub Date Free Form
Jun
Volume
104
Issue
Start Page
357
Other Pages
364
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2014; JID: 7805381; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 0 (Dust); 0 (Environmental Pollutants); 0 (Pesticides); 0 (Soil); 0 (Xylenes); 059QF0KO0R (Water); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); J64922108F (Benzene); L5I45M5G0O (ethylbenzene); OT
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1090-2414; 0147-6513
Accession Number
PMID: 24736026
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.01.035 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24736026
Abstract
The contamination status and health risks of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) in air, soil, dust and groundwater were evaluated in a pesticide chemical region located in Hebei province, China. The concentrations of BTEX in air ranged from 7.80 to 238ug/m(3) and those in soil and dust ranged from lower than limit of detection (LOD) to 32,360ng/g dw, and those in groundwater varied from 2.68 to 98.6ug/L. Generally, the levels of BTEX in multimedia matrixes were all below the standards established in China. Health risk assessment was performed based on the monitoring data via inhalation, dermal contact and ingestion pathways and hazard quotient (HQ) was calculated to be on the order of 10(-7), below 10(-6), and Hazard index (HI) levels of BTEX were lower than 1.0. However, both HQ and HI ascended with an increase in work experience/exposure. Integrated risk management was proposed to eliminate BTEX pollution and to protect occupational health of workers in those industries.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Inc
Data Source
Authors
Wang,T., Bo,P., Bing,T., Zhaoyun,Z., Liyu,D., Yonglong,L.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140415
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Differential use of other tobacco products among current and former cigarette smokers by income level | 2014 | Moores UCSD Cancer Center, Cancer Prevention and Control Division, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.; Moores UCSD Cancer Center, Cancer Prevention and Control Division, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.; Moore | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Addictive Behaviors
Periodical, Abbrev.
Addict.Behav.
Pub Date Free Form
Oct
Volume
39
Issue
10
Start Page
1452
Other Pages
1458
Notes
LR: 20151001; CI: Copyright (c) 2014; GR: P30 CA023100/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA172058/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01CA172058/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7603486; NIHMS602021; OID: NLM: NIHMS602021; OID: NLM: PMC4136433; OTO:
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1873-6327; 0306-4603
Accession Number
PMID: 24930053
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.05.029 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24930053
Abstract
With the declining sales of cigarettes, the tobacco industry has been promoting other forms of combustible and smokeless tobacco to current and former cigarette smokers. Exposure to the promotion of tobacco products has been shown to vary by income level. We combined the 2006 through 2011 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health to compare the prevalence and patterns of other tobacco use (cigar, snuff, and chewing tobacco) between current and former cigarette smokers by income level. Other tobacco use was minimal among females and among male non-smokers. Approximately a third of both current and former male cigarette smokers reported past-year other tobacco use. Overall, current smokers were more likely than former smokers to have used cigars (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.69, 95% CI 1.50-1.92) or snuff (AOR 1.14, 95% CI 1.01-1.28) in the past year. The association of smoking status with other tobacco use differed by income level (interaction term p-value
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Data Source
Authors
Vijayaraghavan,M., Pierce,J.P., White,M., Messer,K.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140604
PMCID
PMC4136433
Editors
|
|||
| Preparation, characterization, and applications of a novel solid-phase microextraction fiber by sol-gel technology on the surface of stainless steel wire for determination of poly cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aquatic environmental samples | 2014 | Department of Physico Chemistry, Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, PO Box 31975/148, Karaj, Iran. Electronic address: a.eshaghi@rvsri.ac.ir.; Environmental and Bio-Analytical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, P | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Analytica Chimica Acta
Periodical, Abbrev.
Anal.Chim.Acta
Pub Date Free Form
27-Feb
Volume
813
Issue
Start Page
48
Other Pages
55
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2014; JID: 0370534; 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 12597-68-1 (Stainless Steel); OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/10/26 [received]; 2013/12/24 [revised]; 2014/01/01 [accepted]; 2014/01/10 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1873-4324; 0003-2670
Accession Number
PMID: 24528659
Language
eng
SubFile
Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.aca.2014.01.005 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24528659
Abstract
A novel solid-phase microextraction(SPME) fiber was prepared using sol-gel technology with ethoxylated nonylphenol as a fiber coating material. The fiber was employed to develop a headspace SPME-GC-MS method suitable for quantification of 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water samples. Surface characteristics of the fibers were inspected by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy as well as by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM measurements showed the presence of highly porous nano-sized particles in the coating. Important parameters affecting the extraction efficiency such as extraction temperature and time, desorption conditions as well as ionic strength have been evaluated and optimized. In the next step, the validation of the new method have been performed, finding it to be specific in the trace analysis of PAHs, with the limit of detection (LOD) ranging from 0.01 to 0.5 mug L(-1) and the linear range from the respective LOD to 200 mug L(-1) with RSD amounting to less than 8%. The thermal stability of the fibers was investigated as well and they were found to be durable at 280 degrees C for 345 min. Furthermore, the proposed method was successfully applied for quantification of PAHs in real water samples.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier B.V
Data Source
Authors
Es-haghi,A., Hosseininasab,V., Bagheri,H.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140110
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| State laws prohibiting sales to minors and indoor use of electronic nicotine delivery systems--United States, November 2014 | 2014 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report
Periodical, Abbrev.
MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep.
Pub Date Free Form
12-Dec
Volume
63
Issue
49
Start Page
1145
Other Pages
1150
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 7802429; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); EIN: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014 Dec 19;63(50):1212; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1545-861X; 0149-2195
Accession Number
PMID: 25503916
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
mm6349a1 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25503916
Abstract
Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), including electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and other devices such as electronic hookahs, electronic cigars, and vape pens, are battery-powered devices capable of delivering aerosolized nicotine and additives to the user. Experimentation with and current use of e-cigarettes has risen sharply among youths and adults in the United States. Youth access to and use of ENDS is of particular concern given the potential adverse effects of nicotine on adolescent brain development. Additionally, ENDS use in public indoor areas might passively expose bystanders (e.g., children, pregnant women, and other nontobacco users) to nicotine and other potentially harmful constituents. ENDS use could have the potential to renormalize tobacco use and complicate enforcement of smoke-free policies. State governments can regulate the sales of ENDS and their use in indoor areas where nonusers might be involuntarily exposed to secondhand aerosol. To learn the current status of state laws regulating the sales and use of ENDS, CDC assessed state laws that prohibit ENDS sales to minors and laws that include ENDS use in conventional smoking prohibitions in indoor areas of private worksites, restaurants, and bars. Findings indicate that as of November 30, 2014, 40 states prohibited ENDS sales to minors, but only three states prohibited ENDS use in private worksites, restaurants, and bars. Of the 40 states that prohibited ENDS sales to minors, 21 did not prohibit ENDS use or conventional smoking in private worksites, restaurants, and bars. Three states had no statewide laws prohibiting ENDS sales to minors and no statewide laws prohibiting ENDS use or conventional smoking in private worksites, restaurants, and bars. According to the Surgeon General, ENDS have the potential for public health harm or public health benefit. The possibility of public health benefit from ENDS could arise only if 1) current smokers use these devices to switch completely from combustible tobacco products and 2) the availability and use of combustible tobacco products are rapidly reduced. Therefore, when addressing potential public health harms associated with ENDS, it is important to simultaneously uphold and accelerate strategies found by the Surgeon General to prevent and reduce combustible tobacco use, including tobacco price increases, comprehensive smoke-free laws, high-impact media campaigns, barrier-free cessation treatment and services, and comprehensive statewide tobacco control programs.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Marynak,K., Holmes,C.B., King,B.A., Promoff,G., Bunnell,R., McAfee,T., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets after acid-etched and erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser-etched | 2014 | Dental Materials Research Center and Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.; Torabinejad Dental Research Center and Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Med | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Dental research journal
Periodical, Abbrev.
Dent.Res.J.(Isfahan)
Pub Date Free Form
May
Volume
11
Issue
3
Start Page
321
Other Pages
326
Notes
LR: 20140808; JID: 101471186; OID: NLM: PMC4119364; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish
Place of Publication
Iran
ISSN/ISBN
1735-3327; 1735-3327
Accession Number
PMID: 25097641
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25097641
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Laser ablation has been suggested as an alternative method to acid etching; however, previous studies have obtained contrasting results. The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) and fracture mode of orthodontic brackets that are bonded to enamel etched with acid and erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this experimental in vitro study, buccal surfaces of 15 non-carious human premolars were divided into mesial and distal regions. Randomly, one of the regions was etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 15 s and another region irradiated with Er:YAG laser at 100 mJ energy and 20 Hz frequency for 20 s. Stainless steel brackets were then bonded using Transbond XT, following which all the samples were stored in distilled water for 24 h and then subjected to 500 thermal cycles. SBS was tested by a chisel edge, mounted on the crosshead of universal testing machine. After debonding, the teeth were examined under x10 magnification and adhesive remnant index (ARI) score determined. SBS and ARI scores of the two groups were then compared using t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Significant level was set at P
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Alavi,S., Birang,R., Hajizadeh,F.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
PMC4119364
Editors
|
|||
| Electronic cigarette use among adult population: a cross-sectional study in Barcelona, Spain (2013-2014) | 2014 | Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Institut Catala d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain Cancer Prevention and Control Group, Institut d'Investigacio Biomedica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, B | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
BMJ open
Periodical, Abbrev.
BMJ Open
Pub Date Free Form
25-Aug
Volume
4
Issue
8
Start Page
e005894
Other Pages
2014-005894
Notes
LR: 20160603; CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.; JID: 101552874; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); OID: NLM: PMC4
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
2044-6055; 2044-6055
Accession Number
PMID: 25157186
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005894 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25157186
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study seeks to analyse the prevalence and correlates of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use, purchase location and satisfaction with its use in a sample of the general population of the city of Barcelona, Spain. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: We used participants from a longitudinal study of a representative sample of the adult (>/=16 years old) population of Barcelona (336 men and 400 women). The field work was conducted between May 2013 and February 2014. We computed the prevalence, adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: The prevalence of ever e-cigarette use was 6.5% (95% CI 4.7% to 8.3%): 1.6% current use, 2.2% past use and 2.7% only e-cigarette experimentation. 75% (95% CI 62.8% to 87.3%) of ever e-cigarette users were current cigarette smokers at the moment of the interview. E-cigarette use was more likely among current smokers (OR=54.57; 95% CI 7.33 to 406.38) and highly dependent cigarette smokers (OR=3.96; 95% CI 1.60 to 9.82). 62.5% of the ever users charged their e-cigarettes with nicotine with 70% of them obtaining the liquids with nicotine in a specialised shop. 39.6% of ever e-cigarette users were not satisfied with their use, a similar percentage of not satisfied expressing the smokers (38.9%) and there were no statistically significant differences in the satisfaction between the users of e-cigarettes with and without nicotine. CONCLUSIONS: E-cigarette use is strongly associated with current smoking (dual use) and most users continue to be addicted to nicotine. Six out of 10 e-cigarette users preferred devices that deliver nicotine. The satisfaction with e-cigarette use is very low.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Martinez-Sanchez,J.M., Ballbe,M., Fu,M., Martin-Sanchez,J.C., Salto,E., Gottlieb,M., Daynard,R., Connolly,G.N., Fernandez,E.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140825
PMCID
PMC4156815
Editors
|
|||
| Alginate/cashew gum nanoparticles for essential oil encapsulation | 2014 | Department of Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara, UFC, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.; Department of Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara, UFC, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil. Electronic address: hpaula@ufc.br.; Departme | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Colloids and surfaces.B, Biointerfaces
Periodical, Abbrev.
Colloids Surf.B Biointerfaces
Pub Date Free Form
1-Jan
Volume
113
Issue
Start Page
146
Other Pages
151
Notes
LR: 20151119; CI: Copyright (c) 2013; JID: 9315133; 0 (Alginates); 0 (Hexuronic Acids); 0 (Oils, Volatile); 0 (Polymers); 8A5D83Q4RW (Glucuronic Acid); 8C3Z4148WZ (alginic acid); OTO: NOTNLM; 2012/10/26 [received]; 2013/08/19 [revised]; 2013/08/22 [accept
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1873-4367; 0927-7765
Accession Number
PMID: 24077112
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.08.038 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24077112
Abstract
Alginate/cashew gum nanoparticles were prepared via spray-drying, aiming at the development of a biopolymer blend for encapsulation of an essential oil. Nanoparticles were characterized regarding to their hydrodynamic volume, surface charge, Lippia sidoides essential oil content and release profile, in addition to being analyzed by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal analysis (TGA/DSC) and X-ray diffractometry. Nanoparticles in solution were found to have averaged sizes in the range 223-399 nm, and zeta potential values ranging from -30 to -36 mV. Encapsulated oil levels varied from 1.9 to 4.4% with an encapsulation efficiency of up to 55%. The in vitro release profile showed that between 45 and 95% of oil was released within 30-50h. Kinetic studies revealed that release pattern follow a Korsmeyer-Peppas mechanism.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier B.V
Data Source
Authors
de Oliveira,E.F., Paula,H.C., de Paula,R.C.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20130905
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Water analysis of the sixteen environmental protection agency-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons via solid-phase nanoextraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry | 2014 | Department of Chemistry, 4000 Central Florida Blvd, Physical Sciences Room 255, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816-2366, USA.; Department of Chemistry, 4000 Central Florida Blvd, Physical Sciences Room 255, University of Central Florida, Orl | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of chromatography.A
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Chromatogr.A
Pub Date Free Form
6-Jun
Volume
1345
Issue
Start Page
1
Other Pages
8
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2014; JID: 9318488; 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Solvents); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 7440-57-5 (Gold); OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/12/20 [received]; 2014/03/19 [revised]; 2014/03/30 [accepted]; 2014/04/04 [aheadofprint]; ppubli
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1873-3778; 0021-9673
Accession Number
PMID: 24794939
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.chroma.2014.03.082 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24794939
Abstract
The growing concern with a sustainable environment poses a new challenge to analytical chemists facing the routine monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water samples. The new method presented here meets several features of green analytical chemistry. PAHs are extracted from 500 muL of water sample with 1 mL of a gold nanoparticles aqueous solution and released with 100 muL of organic solvents for subsequent analysis via gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The relative standard deviations of the overall procedure ranged from 2.4 (acenaphthene) to 7.8% (dibenz[a,h]anthracene). The limits of detection were excellent as well and varied from 4.94 (fluoranthene) to 65.5 ng L(-1) (fluorene). The excellent analytical figures of merit, the simplicity of the experimental procedure, the short analysis time and the reduced solvent consumption demonstrate the potential of this approach for the routine monitoring of the sixteen priority pollutants via and environmentally friendly methodology.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier B.V
Data Source
Authors
Wilson,W.B., Hewitt,U., Miller,M., Campiglia,A.D.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140404
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Tobacco use, smoking quit rates, and socioeconomic patterning among men and women: a cross-sectional survey in rural Andhra Pradesh, India | 2014 | Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA djcorsi@hsph.harvard.edu.; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.; Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada.; McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada.; McMaster Univers | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
European journal of preventive cardiology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Eur.J.Prev.Cardiol.
Pub Date Free Form
Oct
Volume
21
Issue
10
Start Page
1308
Other Pages
1318
Notes
CI: (c) The European Society of Cardiology 2013; JID: 101564430; OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/05/30 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
2047-4881; 2047-4873
Accession Number
PMID: 23723329
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1177/2047487313491356 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23723329
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Tobacco use is common in India and a majority of users are in rural areas. We examine tobacco use and smoking quit rates along gender and socioeconomic dimensions in rural Andhra Pradesh. DESIGN AND METHODS: Data come from a cross-sectional survey. Markers of socioeconomic status (SES) were education, occupation, and income. Regression analyses were undertaken to examine determinants of current smoking, smoking quit rates, tobacco use by type (cigarettes, bidis, and chewing), and quantity consumed (number per day, pack-years). RESULTS: The weighted prevalence of current smoking and tobacco chewing was higher in men (50.3%, 95% confidence interval, CI, 48.1-52.6 and 5.0%, 95% CI 4.1-5.9, respectively) compared with women (4.8%, 95% CI 3.9-5.7 and 1.0%, 95% CI 0.6-1.4, respectively) and higher among older age groups. The quit rate was higher in women (45.5%, 95% CI 38.7-52.2) compared to men (18.8%, 95% CI 16.7-20.9). Illiterate individuals were more likely to be current smokers of any type compared to those with secondary/higher education (odds ratio, OR, 3.25, 95% CI 2.54-4.16), although cigarette smoking was higher in men of high SES. Smoking quit rates were positively associated with SES (OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.76-3.71) for secondary/higher education vs. illiterates. Level of consumption increased with SES and those with secondary/higher education smoked an additional 1.93 (95% CI 1.08-2.77) cigarettes or bidis per day and had an additional 1.87 (95% CI 0.57-3.17) pack-years vs. illiterates. CONCLUSIONS: The social gradients in cigarette smoking and level of consumption contrasted those for indigenous forms of tobacco (bidi smoking and chewing). International prevention and cessation initiatives designed at modifying Western-style cigarette usage will need to be tailored to the social context of rural Andhra Pradesh to effectively influence the use of cigarettes and equally harmful indigenous forms of tobacco.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav
Data Source
Authors
Corsi,D.J., Subramanian,S.V., Lear,S.A., Teo,K.K., Boyle,M.H., Raju,P.K., Joshi,R., Neal,B., Chow,C.K.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20130530
PMCID
Editors
|
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