WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
Hookah Tobacco Smoking During the Transition to College: Prevalence of Other Substance Use and Predictors of Initiation	2016	Center for Integrated Healthcare, Syracuse VA Medical Center, Syracuse, NY; Robyn.Shepardson@va.gov.; Department of Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 18 Issue 5 Start Page 763 Other Pages 769 Notes CI: (c) The Author 2015; GR: KL2 TR000126/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States; GR: UL1 TR000127/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 2015/03/31 [received]; 2015/07/30 [accepted]; 2015/08/10 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 26259986 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntv170 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26259986 Abstract INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of hookah tobacco smoking is increasing, and the transition to college is a vulnerable time for initiation. Hookah use is associated with other forms of substance use, but most research has been cross-sectional, thus limiting our understanding of temporal patterns of use. The goals of this longitudinal study were to assess the prevalence of hookah use and initiation, as well as other forms of substance use among hookah users, and identify which forms of substance use predicted hookah initiation during the first 30 days of college. METHODS: Incoming students (N = 936, 50% female) reported on past 30-day substance use prior to the start of the Fall 2011 semester and again 30 days later (n = 817). Substances included hookah, cigarettes, other forms of tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and other illegal drugs. RESULTS: Current prevalence of hookah use increased from 9.0% before college to 13.1% during the first month of college. At baseline and follow-up, current hookah users were more likely than nonusers to report current use of cigarettes, cigars/little cigars/clove cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, marijuana, and alcohol. Among pre-college hookah never users, 13.8% initiated hookah use in the first month of college. Alcohol (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05, 1.17) and marijuana (AOR 1.30, 95% CI 1.03, 1.65) were the only substances predictive of hookah initiation. CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate that hookah prevention and intervention is needed during the transition to college, and interventions may need to address comorbid alcohol, marijuana, and hookah use. IMPLICATIONS: To our knowledge this is the first longitudinal study examining predictors of hookah initiation among male and female incoming first-year college students. While hookah users were more likely than nonusers to use all other substances before and during the first month of college, pre-college marijuana and alcohol use were the only two predictors of hookah initiation during the first 30 days of college. Collectively, these findings provide additional support for the need for efficacious hookah prevention and intervention programs. The transition to college appears to be an ideal time to deliver prevention programs given the increased prevalence of hookah use during the first 30 days of college. In addition to prevention, former users may benefit from targeted relapse prevention as one-fifth of former hookah smokers resumed use during the first 30 days of college. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Data Source Authors Shepardson,R.L., Hustad,J.T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150810 PMCID Editors
Knowledge, Beliefs, Behaviors, and Social Norms Related to Use of Alternative Tobacco Products Among Undergraduate and Graduate Nursing Students in an Urban U.S. University Setting	2016	Upsilon, Associate Professor, New, York University College of Nursing NYU Global Institute of Public Health, New York City, NY, USA.; Resident, University of Michigan School of Medicine, AnnArbor, MI, USA.; Alpha Chi, Assistant Professor, Boston College S	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of nursing scholarship : an official publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing / Sigma Theta Tau Periodical, Abbrev. J.Nurs.Scholarsh. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 48 Issue 2 Start Page 147 Other Pages 153 Notes CI: (c) 2016; JID: 100911591; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/11/24 [accepted]; 2016/02/04 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1547-5069; 1527-6546 Accession Number PMID: 26845631 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM; N DOI 10.1111/jnu.12192 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26845631 Abstract PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to assess nursing students' knowledge, beliefs, behaviors, and social norms regarding use of alternative tobacco products (ATPs). DESIGN AND METHODS: This anonymous online survey was conducted with all students enrolled in a college of nursing. The survey utilized measures from several national tobacco studies to assess knowledge and beliefs about ATPs (hookahs, cigars or cigarillos, bidis, kreteks, smokeless tobacco, electronic cigarettes) compared to cigarettes, health effects of ATPs, personal use of ATPs, and social norms. Data were analyzed in SPSS 22.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Descriptive statistics and frequencies were performed for basic sociodemographic data. Paired samples t tests were performed to determine differences for scaled measures. FINDINGS: Nursing students demonstrated very low levels of knowledge about ATPs and their health consequences, despite high rates of ATP personal use. About 76% of participants reported use of one or more ATPs once or more in their lifetimes. A greater proportion of students had used hookahs or waterpipes (39.6%) compared to cigarettes (32.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Nurses' lack of knowledge about the emerging use and health threats associated with ATPs may undermine their ability to provide appropriate tobacco cessation counseling. Research is needed to identify gaps in nurses' education regarding tobacco cessation counseling and to develop new counseling approaches specific to use of ATPs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Nurses play critical roles in counseling their patients for tobacco cessation. Further research and education about the risks presented by ATPs are critical to reducing excess tobacco-related mortality. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Sigma Theta Tau International Data Source Authors VanDevanter,N., Zhou,S., Katigbak,C., Naegle,M., Sherman,S., Weitzman,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160204 PMCID Editors
Jordan tobacco dependence treatment guidelines: rationale and development	2016	Cancer Control Office, Department of Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Centre, Amman, Jordan.; Cancer Control Office, Department of Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Centre, Amman, Jordan.; Department of Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Eastern Mediterranean health journal = La revue de sante de la Mediterranee orientale = al-Majallah al-sihhiyah li-sharq al-mutawassit Periodical, Abbrev. East.Mediterr.Health J. Pub Date Free Form 1-Feb Volume 21 Issue 11 Start Page 844 Other Pages 850 Notes JID: 9608387; 2015/02/25 [received]; 2015/06/28 [accepted]; epublish Place of Publication Egypt ISSN/ISBN 1020-3397; 1020-3397 Accession Number PMID: 26857722 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26857722 Abstract Jordan, a high tobacco-burden country, has been working to expand its tobacco dependence treatment services and has completed development of its first customized treatment guidelines. Our paper presents the development process for these guidelines. A group of national and international experts was formed and a national situation analysis for tobacco dependence treatment practices and a detailed review of international evidence were conducted. The guidelines were then drafted and reviewed by national, regional and international experts and were official endorsed by the Jordanian Ministry of Health before being launched. The guidelines comprise concise descriptions and practical supplementary flowcharts covering the major elements of general tobacco dependence treatment. These are the first comprehensive Arabic-language guidelines, including a section focusing on waterpipe use, and we believe they are a reliable and useful resource for neighbouring countries seeking to develop similar guidelines.; Publisher: Abstract available from the publisher.; Publisher: Abstract available from the publisher. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ayub,H., Obeidat,N., Leischow,S., Glynn,T., Hawari,F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160201 PMCID Editors
Cigarette and waterpipe smoking among adult patients with severe and persistent mental illness in Bahrain: a comparison with the National Non-communicable Diseases Risk Factors Survey	2016	College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, P.O. Box 26671, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain. randah@agu.edu.bh.; College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, P.O. Box 26671, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain. aansari@healt	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC research notes Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Res.Notes Pub Date Free Form 9-Feb Volume 9 Issue Start Page 77 Other Pages 016-1894-9 Notes LR: 20160212; JID: 101462768; OID: NLM: PMC4748568; 2015/10/22 [received]; 2016/01/29 [accepted]; 2016/02/09 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1756-0500; 1756-0500 Accession Number PMID: 26861042 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/s13104-016-1894-9 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26861042 Abstract BACKGROUND: Smoking has been associated with several types of mental illness namely schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorders with a prevalence of smoking twice that of the general population. The study objective was to ascertain whether waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS), cigarette smoking and all types of tobacco smoking are more common among Bahraini patients with severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI) than the general population. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 222 adult SPMI both in- and out- patients who attended the Psychiatric Hospital in Bahrain. A 29-item questionnaire, which included sociodemographic variables, pattern and history of psychiatric illness and a comprehensive smoking history, was used. Comparative smoking data were obtained from the Bahraini National Non-communicable Diseases Risk Factors Survey. RESULTS: The prevalence of smoking of tobacco among SPMI patients was 30.2 % compared to 19.9 % in the general population. The corresponding values for cigarette smoking were 25.2, 13.8 %, respectively and for WTS, 11.3, 8.4 %, respectively. SPMI patients were 1.7 (95 % CI 1.3, 2.4 %) times more likely to be smokers, 2.1 (95 % CI 1.5, 2.9 %) times, cigarette smokers and 1.4 (95 % CI 0.9, 1.9 %) times WTS than the general population. SPMI patients smoked at a younger age and consumed more cigarettes than the general population. The mean age started smoking was lower among men than women, similar for cigarettes, and higher for WTS. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of smoking among patients with SPMI in Bahrain is twice that of the general population. The findings of the study have implications on the provision of healthcare to mentally ill patients in the country. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hamadeh,R.R., Ansari,A.A., Jahrami,H., Offi,A.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160209 PMCID PMC4748568 Editors
The Prevalence, Attitudes, and Correlates of Waterpipe Smoking Among High School Students in Iran: a Cross-Sectional Study	2016	Department of Health Sciences, Unit for Public Health Science, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden. Reza.Ziaei@miun.se.; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Unit for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. Reza.Mo	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International Journal of Behavioral Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Behav.Med. Pub Date Free Form 3-Mar Volume Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes LR: 20160305; JID: 9421097; OTO: NOTNLM; aheadofprint Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1532-7558; 1070-5503 Accession Number PMID: 26940816 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI 10.1007/s12529-016-9555-x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26940816 Abstract PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to determine the correlates of waterpipe (WP) smoking among 15-17-year-old high school students in Iran. METHOD: Data were collected using the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), a self-administrated questionnaire distributed to a representative sample of high school students aged 15-17 in the city of Tabriz. Current WP smoking was defined as past 30-day use, and ever WP smoking was defined as at least one or two lifetime puffs. Differences in WP use, knowledge, and attitudes were analyzed using chi-square and Fisher exact tests. Binary logistic regression estimated the association between relevant independent variables (e.g., age) and the dependent variables (current/ever WP smoking). RESULTS: Of 1517 students, 21.6 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] = 19.5, 23.8) were ever WP smokers, and 9.7 % (95 % CI = 8.2, 11.2) were current WP smokers. Of current WP smokers, 40.3 % have stated that they want to stop smoking now. Moreover, 14.1 % of non-WP smokers reported that they might enjoy smoking WP. Of current WP smokers, 49.0 % have smoked at cafes. Additionally, 95.3 % of current WP smokers reported that their age did not prevent them from being served a WP. Studying in high school third grade (adjusted odds ratios (AORs) = 1.70; 95 % CI [1.10, 2.63]), experience of cigarette smoking (AORs = 1.57; 95 % CI [1.12, 2.20]), and being prepared to accept a WP offered by close friends (AORs = 3.31; 95 % CI [2.17, 5.04]) were independently associated with ever WP smoking, and accepting a WP offered by close friends (AORs = 4.36; 95 % CI [2.69, 7.07]) and gender (female) (AORs = 0.45; 95 % CI [0.30, 0.70] were independently associated with current WP smoking. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of current and ever WP smoking is high in Tabriz. There is an urgent need to design interventions in order to increase students' and their parents' awareness regarding the harmfulness of WP, and to establish legal measures to restrict adolescents' access to WPs and tobacco in society. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ziaei,R., Mohammadi,R., Dastgiri,S., Viitasara,E., Rahimi,V.A., Jeddi,A., Soares,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160303 PMCID Editors
Efficacy of chlorine dioxide disinfection to non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli and non-tuberculous mycobacteria in a hospital water system	2016	Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Disease, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.; Infection Control Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Disease, Far E	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of hospital infection Periodical, Abbrev. J.Hosp.Infect. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 93 Issue 1 Start Page 22 Other Pages 28 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2016; JID: 8007166; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/06/19 [received]; 2016/01/04 [accepted]; 2016/01/25 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1532-2939; 0195-6701 Accession Number PMID: 26944904 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.jhin.2016.01.005 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26944904 Abstract BACKGROUND: Chlorinated tap water in hospitals often contains low levels of non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Measures are needed to ensure a safe water supply in hospitals to prevent nosocomial infections from these waterborne pathogens. AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of ClO2 treatment of a hospital water system on the levels of NFGNB and NTM in the water. METHODS: Our institution is a 1000-bed medical centre with two main buildings (B1 and B2). B1 has three intensive care units (ICUs) and transplant wards and polyethylene water pipes. B2 (control) has no ICUs and galvanized water pipes. A ClO2 generating unit was installed in the water system of B1 in April 2012 and water samples were collected in B1 and B2 before and eight times after installation. All samples were cultured for NFGNB and NTM. FINDINGS: The ClO2 concentration was significantly lower in the hot water than in the cold water (P Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher The Healthcare Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Hsu,M.S., Wu,M.Y., Huang,Y.T., Liao,C.H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160125 PMCID Editors
The health of Saudi youths: current challenges and future opportunities	2016	Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 Fifth Ave, Suite 600, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA. mmoradi@uw.edu.; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 Fifth Ave, Suite 600, Seattle, WA, 9812	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC family practice Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Fam.Pract. Pub Date Free Form 5-Mar Volume 17 Issue Start Page 26 Other Pages 016-0425-z Notes LR: 20160309; JID: 100967792; OID: NLM: PMC4779578; 2015/07/29 [received]; 2016/02/29 [accepted]; 2016/03/05 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2296; 1471-2296 Accession Number PMID: 26946327 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1186/s12875-016-0425-z [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26946327 Abstract BACKGROUND: The health status of the young people is an important indicator for future health and health care needs of the next generation. In order to understand the health risk factors of Saudi youth, we analyzed data from a large national survey in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. METHODS: The Saudi Health Information Survey sample included 2382 youths aged 15 to 24 years old. The questionnaire included information on socio-demographic characteristics, risk factors, risky behaviors, chronic conditions, functional status, health care utilization, and anthropometric and blood pressure measurements. RESULTS: Only 45.9% of men and 48.4% of women had normal body mass index (BMI). Men were more likely than women to smoke cigarettes or shisha. The prevalence of daily consumption of at least five servings of fruits and vegetables was 6.6%. The prevalence of no or insufficient physical activity was 41.8% in men and 75.6% in women (P Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Moradi-Lakeh,M., El Bcheraoui,C., Tuffaha,M., Daoud,F., Al Saeedi,M., Basulaiman,M., Memish,Z.A., Al Mazroa,M.A., Al Rabeeah,A.A., Mokdad,A.H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160305 PMCID PMC4779578 Editors
Hydroxyl carboxylate based non-phosphorus corrosion inhibition process for reclaimed water pipeline and downstream recirculating cooling water system	2016	Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Envir	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of Environmental Sciences (China) Periodical, Abbrev. J.Environ.Sci.(China) Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 39 Issue Start Page 13 Other Pages 21 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 100967627; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/07/23 [received]; 2015/10/06 [revised]; 2015/10/07 [accepted]; 2015/12/08 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1001-0742; 1001-0742 Accession Number PMID: 26899639 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.jes.2015.10.007 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26899639 Abstract A combined process was developed to inhibit the corrosion both in the pipeline of reclaimed water supplies (PRWS) and in downstream recirculating cooling water systems (RCWS) using the reclaimed water as makeup. Hydroxyl carboxylate-based corrosion inhibitors (e.g., gluconate, citrate, tartrate) and zinc sulfate heptahydrate, which provided Zn(2+) as a synergistic corrosion inhibition additive, were added prior to the PRWS when the phosphate (which could be utilized as a corrosion inhibitor) content in the reclaimed water was below 1.7 mg/L, and no additional corrosion inhibitors were required for the downstream RCWS. Satisfactory corrosion inhibition was achieved even if the RCWS was operated under the condition of high numbers of concentration cycles. The corrosion inhibition requirement was also met by the appropriate combination of PO4(3-) and Zn(2+) when the phosphate content in the reclaimed water was more than 1.7 mg/L. The process integrated not only water reclamation and reuse, and the operation of a highly concentrated RCWS, but also the comprehensive utilization of phosphate in reclaimed water and the application of non-phosphorus corrosion inhibitors. The proposed process reduced the operating cost of the PRWS and the RCWS, and lowered the environmental hazard caused by the excessive discharge of phosphate. Furthermore, larger amounts of water resources could be conserved as a result. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Wang,J., Wang,D., Hou,D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151208 PMCID Editors
Author's response to: "Harmful effects form one puff of shisha-pen vapor: methodological and interpretational problems in the risk assessment analysis"	2016	National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherla	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco induced diseases Periodical, Abbrev. Tob Induc Dis. Pub Date Free Form 7-Jul Volume 14 Issue Start Page 21 Other Pages 016-0087-6. eCollection 2016 Notes LR: 20160710; JID: 101201591; OID: NLM: PMC4936250; 2016 [ecollection]; 2016/04/22 [received]; 2016/06/06 [accepted]; 2016/07/07 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 2070-7266; 1617-9625 Accession Number PMID: 27390574 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1186/s12971-016-0087-6 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27390574 Abstract Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Bos,P.M., Kienhuis,A.S., Talhout,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160707 PMCID PMC4936250 Editors
A Systematic Review of Effects of Waterpipe Smoking on Cardiovascular and Respiratory Health Outcomes	2016	Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.; Assistant Professor, College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.; Professor and Schmidt Family Foundation Distinguished Professor,	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco use insights Periodical, Abbrev. Tob Use Insights Pub Date Free Form 5-Jul Volume 9 Issue Start Page 13 Other Pages 28 Notes LR: 20160713; JID: 101608659; OID: NLM: PMC4934173; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016 [ecollection]; 2016/04/05 [received]; 2016/06/01 [revised]; 2016/06/03 [accepted]; 2016/07/05 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication New Zealand ISSN/ISBN 1179-173X; 1179-173X Accession Number PMID: 27398028 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review DOI 10.4137/TUI.S39873 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27398028 Abstract BACKGROUND: Waterpipe smoking (WPS) is a social custom common in many Middle Eastern, North African, and Asian countries and has become increasingly popular in the US, especially among youth; however, WPS smoking may be increasing in the US adult population as well. There is a common belief among waterpipe (WP) smokers that WPS is less harmful than smoking cigarettes. Thus, this review aims to systematically explore the literature on the effects of WP tobacco smoking with a particular focus on cardiovascular and respiratory health outcomes as well as on oxidative stress, immunity, and cell cycle interference health outcomes. METHODOLOGY: We conducted a systematic review, guided by the criteria of The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, using the following online databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, PMC, and Cochrane Library. Results were summarized qualitatively. RESULTS: Forty studies met the inclusion criteria established for this review. Based on the existing evidence, several cardiovascular and respiratory physiologic health indicators and conditions have been shown to be negatively affected by WPS. In addition to the effects of nicotine and chemical toxicant exposures, WPS was significantly associated with an increase in heart rate, blood pressure, and lower pulmonary function test results, as well as a number of health conditions such as lung cancer, alterations in oxidative stress, immunity, and cell cycle interference. CONCLUSION: The current literature provides evidence that WPS is associated with a number of negative health indicators and outcomes. There is need for more research related to WPS and its effects on health so that appropriate campaigns and prevention interventions can be implemented to control the epidemic increase of WPS in the US. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Haddad,L., Kelly,D.L., Weglicki,L.S., Barnett,T.E., Ferrell,A.V., Ghadban,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160705 PMCID PMC4934173 Editors

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