Skip to main content
Title Pub Year Sort ascending Author SearchLink
The influence of menthol, e-cigarettes and other tobacco products on young adults' self-reported changes in past year smoking 2016 Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers School of Public Health, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.; The Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies, American Legacy Foundatio
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tobacco control
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob.Control
Pub Date Free Form
Sep
Volume
25
Issue
5
Start Page
571
Other Pages
574
Notes
LR: 20160822; CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/; GR: R01 CA149705/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United Stat
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1468-3318; 0964-4563
Accession Number
PMID: 26243809
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052325 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26243809
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Progression to regular smoking often occurs during young adulthood. This study examines self-reported changes in past year smoking among young adults and the potential influence of tobacco products on these trajectories. METHODS: Respondents to the 2011 National Young Adult Health Survey who smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime (n=909) described smoking behaviour at the time of the survey and 1 year prior. Cigarette smoking trajectories were categorised as: no change, quit, decreased smoking or increased smoking. Participants were also asked about current use of menthol cigarettes and other tobacco products (ie, cigars, smokeless tobacco, hookah) and ever use of e-cigarettes. RESULTS: Most young adults (73.1%) reported stable cigarette smoking behaviours, while 8.2% reported having quit, 5.8% reported that they smoke on fewer days, 5% progressed from someday to daily smoking and 8% increased from not at all to current smoking. The youngest smokers (18-20) had significantly higher odds (adjusted OR (AOR) =2.6) of increasing cigarette use over the past year compared to those aged 30-34, as did blacks versus whites (AOR=2.35). Menthol cigarette use nearly doubled (AOR=1.87) the odds of increased smoking behaviour. E-cigarette and other tobacco product (OTP) use were not associated with increasing smoking but OTP use was negatively associated with remaining quit from cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS: Young adulthood is a critical period for smoking interventions, particularly among those most vulnerable to increasing smoking behaviours (ie, black and younger young adults). Policy efforts to restrict menthol cigarettes may reduce young adult smoking progression.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Delnevo,C.D., Villanti,A.C., Wackowski,O.A., Gundersen,D.A., Giovenco,D.P.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150804
PMCID
PMC4740271
Editors
Waterpipe smoking among secondary school students in Hong Kong 2016 School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 5/F William MW Mong Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.; School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 5/F William MW Mong Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. syho@hku.hk.; Sc
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
International journal of public health
Periodical, Abbrev.
Int.J.Public.Health.
Pub Date Free Form
May
Volume
61
Issue
4
Start Page
427
Other Pages
434
Notes
JID: 101304551; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/10/16 [received]; 2016/01/27 [accepted]; 2015/12/28 [revised]; 2016/02/12 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Switzerland
ISSN/ISBN
1661-8564; 1661-8556
Accession Number
PMID: 26873908
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1007/s00038-016-0796-x [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26873908
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To examine the prevalence of waterpipe smoking and its associated factors among adolescents in Hong Kong. METHODS: We analyzed data of the School-based Survey on Smoking among Students 2012/2013 from a representative sample of 45,857 secondary school students in Hong Kong (mean age 14.8, SD 1.9). We conducted Chi-square tests and t test to compare current (past 30 days) waterpipe users and nonusers by sociodemographic variables and other covariates. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the factors associated with current waterpipe smoking. RESULTS: Overall, 1.2 % of students reported current waterpipe smoking, of whom 43 % reported concurrent use of cigarettes. Waterpipe was the most popular alternative tobacco product (non-cigarette) used by students. Current waterpipe smoking was associated with older age, male sex, higher self-perceived family financial status, poor knowledge about the harm of cigarette smoking, positive attitudes toward smoking, current cigarette smoking, other tobacco use, and alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS: Waterpipe smoking was the most popular alternative tobacco product among Hong Kong adolescents. Despite the low prevalence, it should be routinely monitored. Education programs and cessation interventions need to address waterpipe smoking in addition to cigarette smoking.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Jiang,N., Ho,S.Y., Wang,M.P., Leung,L.T., Lam,T.H.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20160212
PMCID
Editors
Electronic cigarette use and indoor air quality in a natural setting 2016 Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Richmond, Virginia, USA.; Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Richmond, Virginia, USA.;
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tobacco control
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob.Control
Pub Date Free Form
15-Feb
Volume
Issue
Start Page
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20160816; CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/; GR: F31 DA040319/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United Sta
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
1468-3318; 0964-4563
Accession Number
PMID: 26880745
Language
ENG
SubFile
JOURNAL ARTICLE
DOI
tobaccocontrol-2015-052772 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26880745
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Secondhand smoke (SHS) from combustible cigarettes causes numerous diseases. Policies have been developed to prevent SHS exposure from indoor cigarette use to reduce health risks to non-smokers. However, fewer policies have been implemented to deter electronic cigarette (ECIG) use indoors, and limited research has examined the impact of secondhand exposure to ECIG aerosol. METHODS: Indoor air quality was measured at a 2-day ECIG event held in a large room at a hotel. Fine particulate matter (PM) was measured using 2 devices that measured concentrations of PM 2.5 mum aerodynamic diameter or smaller (PM2.5). Measurements were taken before the event, over 2 days when the event was ongoing, and the day after the event. PM2.5 measurements were also taken from the restaurant at the hotel hosting the event and a restaurant at a nearby hotel. RESULTS: During 6 time points when the event was ongoing, between 59 and 86 active ECIG users were present in the event room (room volume=4023 m3). While the event was ongoing, median PM2.5 concentrations in the event room increased from a baseline of 1.92-3.20 mug/m3 to concentrations that ranged from 311.68 mug/m3 (IQR 253.44-411.84 mug/m3) to 818.88 mug/m3 (IQR 760.64-975.04 mug/m3). CONCLUSIONS: PM2.5 concentrations observed at the ECIG event were higher than concentrations reported previously in hookah cafes and bars that allow cigarette smoking. This study indicates that indoor ECIG use exposes non-users to secondhand ECIG aerosol. Regulatory bodies should consider establishing policies that prohibit ECIG use anywhere combustible cigarette use is prohibited.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Soule,E.K., Maloney,S.F., Spindle,T.R., Rudy,A.K., Hiler,M.M., Cobb,C.O.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20160215
PMCID
PMC4985441
Editors
Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking and Susceptibility to Cigarette Smoking Among Young Adults in the United States, 2012-2013 2016 Department of Health Outcomes and Policy, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100177, Gainesville, FL 32610. Email: rsalloum@ufl.edu.; Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, and Jahangirnagar
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Preventing chronic disease
Periodical, Abbrev.
Prev.Chronic Dis.
Pub Date Free Form
18-Feb
Volume
13
Issue
Start Page
E24
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20160413; GR: R01 DA035160/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA035160/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 101205018; OID: NLM: PMC4758799; epublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1545-1151; 1545-1151
Accession Number
PMID: 26890407
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
10.5888/pcd13.150505 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26890407
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Waterpipe tobacco smoking, also known as hookah and shisha, has surged in popularity among young people in the United States. Waterpipe is also increasingly becoming the first tobacco product that young people try. Given the limited access to and limited portability of waterpipes, waterpipe smokers who become more nicotine dependent over time may be more likely to turn to cigarettes. This study examined the relationship between waterpipe tobacco smoking and susceptibility to cigarette smoking among young adults in the United States. METHODS: Using data from the 2012-2013 National Adult Tobacco Survey, a nationally representative sample of US adults, we reported rates of current waterpipe smoking and susceptibility to cigarette smoking by demographic characteristics and by use of other tobacco products among survey participants aged 18 to 24 years. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between current waterpipe smoking and susceptibility to cigarette smoking, defined as the lack of a firm intention not to smoke soon or within the next year. RESULTS: Of 2,528 young adults who had never established cigarette smoking, 15.7% (n = 398) reported being waterpipe smokers (every day or some days [n = 97; 3.8%] or rarely [n = 301; 11.9%]); 44.2% (176/398) of waterpipe smokers reported being susceptible to cigarette smoking. Those who smoked waterpipe rarely were 2.3 times as susceptible to cigarette smoking as those who were not current waterpipe smokers (OR = 2.3; 95% CI, 1.6-3.4). CONCLUSION: Current waterpipe smoking is associated with susceptibility to cigarette smoking among young adults in the United States. Longitudinal studies are needed to demonstrate causality between waterpipe smoking and initiation of cigarette smoking.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Salloum,R.G., Haider,M.R., Barnett,T.E., Guo,Y., Getz,K.R., Thrasher,J.F., Maziak,W.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20160218
PMCID
PMC4758799
Editors
Sex Differences in Hookah-Related Images Posted on Tumblr: A Content Analysis 2016 a Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , USA.; b Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsb
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of health communication
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Health Commun.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
21
Issue
3
Start Page
366
Other Pages
375
Notes
LR: 20160520; GR: K07 CA114315/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA140150/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01-CA140150/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01-CA140150-S1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9604100; NIHMS779493; OID: NLM: NIHMS779493 [
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1087-0415; 1081-0730
Accession Number
PMID: 26890733
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; T
DOI
10.1080/10810730.2015.1095814 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26890733
Abstract
Hookah tobacco smoking is prevalent, widespread, and associated with large amounts of toxicants. Hookah tobacco smoking may be viewed differently by males and females. For example, females have been drawn to types of tobacco that are flavored, milder, and marketed as more social and exotic. Individuals often use the growing segment of anonymous social networking sites, such as Tumblr, to learn about potentially dangerous or harmful behaviors. We used a systematic process involving stratification by time of day, day of week, and search term to gather a sample of 140 Tumblr posts related to hookah tobacco smoking. After a structured codebook development process, 2 coders independently assessed all posts in their entirety, and all disagreements were easily adjudicated. When data on poster sex and age were available, we found that 77% of posts were posted by females and 35% were posted by individuals younger than 18. The most prominent features displayed in all posts were references to or images of hookahs themselves, sexuality, socializing, alcohol, hookah smoke, and tricks performed with hookah smoke. Compared with females, males more frequently posted images of hookahs and alcohol-related images or references. This information may help guide future research in this area and the development of targeted interventions to curb this behavior.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Primack,B.A., Carroll,M.V., Shensa,A., Davis,W., Levine,M.D.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20160218
PMCID
PMC4873310
Editors
Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking among Arab Youth; a Cross-Country Study 2016 Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology.; Department of Pediatrics, Yarmouk Hospital, Jordan Ministry of Health.; Faculty of Science, University of Jordan/ Aqaba Branch.; Department of Community and Me
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Ethnicity & disease
Periodical, Abbrev.
Ethn.Dis.
Pub Date Free Form
21-Jan
Volume
26
Issue
1
Start Page
107
Other Pages
112
Notes
LR: 20160721; JID: 9109034; OID: NLM: PMC4738847; OTO: NOTNLM; epublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1049-510X; 1049-510X
Accession Number
PMID: 26843803
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.18865/ed.26.1.107 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26843803
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is considered a global epidemic that is spreading among youth. Our analysis was conducted to compare the national baseline prevalence rate estimates of WTS among Arab boys and girls. DESIGN SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) is a school-based survey using standardized self-administered questionnaires; it employs a two-stage cluster sampling technique to obtain a representative sample of youth (13-15 years of age). We conducted a secondary data analysis of nationally representative GYTSs available from 16 Arab countries. MAIN MEASURES: Youth who self-reported smoking waterpipe at least once in the past 30 days were considered to be current waterpipe tobacco smokers. National weighted WTS prevalence rate estimates along with respective 95% confidence intervals were reported for boys and girls. RESULTS: Pooled GYTS data from 16 Arab countries yielded a total of 31,359 youth. Overall, 10.6% of the respondents were current waterpipe tobacco smokers, with boys (13.7%) having significantly higher estimates than girls (7.2%). Overall, current WTS prevalence rate estimates ranged from .9% in Oman to 34.2%, in Lebanon. The WTS epidemic was more predominant among boys and girls, respectively, in the West Bank (42.8% and 24.2%), Lebanon (38.6% and 30.5%) and Jordan (25.7% and 14.5%). CONCLUSION: Among Arab boys and girls, WTS represents a growing strain of the tobacco epidemic that requires immediate attention.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Kheirallah,K.A., Alsulaiman,J.W., Mohammad,H.A.S., Alzyoud,S., Veeranki,S.P., Ward,K.D.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20160121
PMCID
PMC4738847
Editors
Hookah and Cigarette Smoking Among African American College Students: Implications for Campus Risk Reduction And Health Promotion Efforts 2016 a Department of Education , Graduate School of Arts & Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , Missouri , USA.; b George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , Missouri , USA.
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of American college health : J of ACH
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Am.Coll.Health
Pub Date Free Form
May-Jun
Volume
64
Issue
4
Start Page
309
Other Pages
317
Notes
LR: 20160727; GR: T32 DA015035/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 8214119; NIHMS792195; OID: NLM: NIHMS792195 [Available on 05/01/17]; OID: NLM: PMC4960822 [Available on 05/01/17]; OTO: NOTNLM; PMCR: 2017/05/01 00:00; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1940-3208; 0744-8481
Accession Number
PMID: 26829515
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1080/07448481.2016.1138479 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26829515
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To identify individual and institutional risks and protections for hookah and cigarette smoking among African American (AA) college students. PARTICIPANTS: AA college students (N = 1,402; mean age = 20, range = 18-24 years; 75% female) who completed the Fall 2012 American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II. METHODS: Respondents were stratified into 4 mutually exclusive groups by last-30-day smoking status: cigarette-only use (5.1%), hookah-only use (5.9%), dual use (2.4%), and nonuse (86.6%). Multinomial logistic regression models identified the relative odds of exclusive and dual hookah and cigarette smoking. RESULTS: Current hookah and cigarette smoking rates were comparably low. Age, gender identity, current substance use, interest in tobacco use information, and student population prevailed as risks and protections for hookah and cigarette smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Campus health promotion campaigns may need to tailor messages to AA students, particularly those who use substances, to underscore the health risks of hookah and cigarette smoking.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Jones,B.D., Cunningham-Williams,R.M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
PMC4960822
Editors
Prevalence, correlates and patterns of waterpipe smoking among secondary school students in southeast London: a cross-sectional study 2016 Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith, W6 8RP, UK. mohammed.jawad06@imperial.ac.uk.; Academic Unit of Primary Care and Population Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, SO16 6YD, UK. moham
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
BMC public health
Periodical, Abbrev.
BMC Public Health
Pub Date Free Form
1-Feb
Volume
16
Issue
Start Page
108
Other Pages
016-2770-1
Notes
LR: 20160204; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC4736266; 2015/06/02 [received]; 2016/01/22 [accepted]; 2016/02/01 [aheadofprint]; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1471-2458; 1471-2458
Accession Number
PMID: 26830194
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1186/s12889-016-2770-1 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26830194
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Waterpipe smoking is growing worldwide, but little is known of its epidemiology in the UK due to its absence from national health surveys. We sought to address this by calculating the prevalence of waterpipe smoking among secondary school students in southeast London. METHODS: We conducted a pooled secondary analysis of routine health surveillance surveys among 11-17 year olds in convenience-sampled secondary schools from three ethnically-diverse areas of southeast London. We calculated ever (lifetime) waterpipe use, and compared its sociodemographic correlates to ever (lifetime) cigarette use. In one area we collected data on patterns of waterpipe use. RESULTS: Of 2,098 respondents (mean age 14.1 +/- 1.7 years, 55.7 % male, 46.6 % of black ethnicity), ever waterpipe use was 39.6 % (95 % CI 37.6-41.7 %) and was higher than that for ever cigarette use (32.4 %; 95 % CI 30.5-34.4). While waterpipe users were significantly and independently more likely to be male and of non-white ethnicities, at least 30 % of all age, gender and ethnic sub-groups had tried waterpipe smoking. In contrast, cigarette users were more likely to be older and of white ethnicity. In one of the three areas, over a quarter of waterpipe users were occasional or regular waterpipe smokers, and most were introduced to and currently used waterpipe in waterpipe-serving premises or friends' homes. CONCLUSIONS: Waterpipe smoking prevalence was high in southeast London, and users exhibited a different sociodemographic profile to cigarette users. Waterpipe should be included in national health surveys of young people. National surveillance is warranted to help develop suitable interventions to prevent uptake and promote cessation.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Jawad,M., Power,G.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20160201
PMCID
PMC4736266
Editors
Dependence measures based on hookah smokers' experiences and context are needed 2016 Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.; School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA.; Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health,
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Addiction (Abingdon, England)
Periodical, Abbrev.
Addiction
Pub Date Free Form
May
Volume
111
Issue
5
Start Page
936
Other Pages
Notes
JID: 9304118; CON: Addiction. 2016 Feb;111(2):351-9. PMID: 26417942; CIN: Addiction. 2016 May;111(5):937-8. PMID: 26987303; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/12/16 [received]; 2015/12/17 [accepted]; 2016/02/02 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1360-0443; 0965-2140
Accession Number
PMID: 26841019
Language
eng
SubFile
Comment; Letter; IM
DOI
10.1111/add.13287 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26841019
Abstract
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Myers,K., Ward,K.D., Maziak,W.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20160202
PMCID
Editors
Bacterial repopulation of drinking water pipe walls after chlorination 2016 a EPHE , PSL Research University, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement, LCPME , UMR 7564 , Nancy , France.; b CNRS and Universite de Lorraine, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement, LCPME , UM
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Biofouling
Periodical, Abbrev.
Biofouling
Pub Date Free Form
Sep
Volume
32
Issue
8
Start Page
925
Other Pages
934
Notes
JID: 9200331; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1029-2454; 0892-7014
Accession Number
PMID: 27483985
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1080/08927014.2016.1212989 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
27483985
Abstract
The short-term kinetics of bacterial repopulation were evaluated after chlorination of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) colonized with drinking water biofilms and compared with bare HDPE surfaces. The effect of chlorination was partial as a residual biofilm persisted and was time-limited as repopulation occurred immediately after water resupply. The total number of bacteria reached the same levels on both the bare and chlorinated biofilm-fouled HDPE after a seven-day exposure to drinking water. Due to the presence of a residual biofilm, the hydrophobicity of chlorinated biofilm-fouled surface exhibited much lower adhesion forces (2.1 nN) compared to bare surfaces (8.9 nN). This could explain the rapid repopulation after chlorination, with a twofold faster bacterial accumulation rate on the bare HDPE surface. gamma-Proteobacteria dominated the early stages of repopulation of both surfaces and a shift in the dominance occurred over the colonization time. Such observations define a timescale for cleaning frequency in industrial environments and guidelines for a rinsing procedure using drinking water.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Mathieu,L., Francius,G., El Zein,R., Angel,E., Block,J.C.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors