WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
Cigarette smoking, snuff use and alcohol drinking: coexisting risk behaviours for oral health in young males	2003	Centre for Tobacco Prevention, Stockholm Centre of Public Health, Stockholm County Council, Sweden. seppo.wickholm@smd.sll.se	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Community dentistry and oral epidemiology Periodical, Abbrev. Community Dent.Oral Epidemiol. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 31 Issue 4 Start Page 269 Other Pages 274 Notes LR: 20090129; JID: 0410263; ppublish Place of Publication Denmark ISSN/ISBN 0301-5661; 0301-5661 Accession Number PMID: 12846849 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM DOI 46 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12846849 Abstract OBJECTIVES: The use of oral moist snuff (snus) is widespread among Swedish men, but little is known about the use in adolescents. The aim of this study was to describe patterns of snuff dipping, smoking and alcohol drinking in a sample (n = 6287) of 9th grade male students participating in a census survey in the Stockholm region. RESULTS: About 20% of the sample reported use of snus, and more than two-thirds of snus users were also cigarette smokers. Among current nonusers of tobacco (66% of the sample), 14% reported frequent binge drinking, in contrast to 49% among current exclusive cigarette smokers, 60% among exclusive snus users and 69% among users of both cigarettes and snus. The estimated mean annual consumption of alcohol was 5-10 times higher among tobacco users than among nonusers, with users of snus consuming more alcohol than smokers. Compared to non- or minimal drinkers, heavy alcohol drinkers had a disproportionately higher risk to report snus use, after adjustment for smoking behaviour (OR = 16.7, 95% CI 12.9-21.7). When the analysis was restricted to users of only one type of tobacco, heavy drinkers were twice as likely to report snus, rather than cigarette, use. CONCLUSIONS: Both tobacco use and alcohol drinking have been independently associated with a variety of pathological oral conditions in adults. These behaviours coexist in early adolescence. Their effect on oral health need to be investigated in prospective studies and should be of concern to the dental professionals. Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology, Analysis of Variance, Codependency (Psychology), Humans, Male, Odds Ratio, Regression Analysis, Smoking/epidemiology, Sweden/epidemiology, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology, Tobacco, Smokeless Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wickholm,S., Galanti,M. R., Soder,B., Gilljam,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Narghile (water pipe) smoking influences platelet function and (iso-)eicosanoids	2003	Sinzinger, H., Inst. Diagn./Treatm. Lipid D., A-1090 Vienna, Austria	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Life Sciences Periodical, Abbrev. Life Sci. Pub Date Free Form 2003/11 Volume 74 Issue 1 Start Page 47 Other Pages 53 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0024-3205 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The biological effects of smoking water pipe on haemostasis and the eicosanoid system is unknown. Water pipe smoking is familiar to approximately 1 billion people around the world. Considering this quite impressive number, we investigated the potential effect of smoking the Narghile on oxidation injury by monitoring parameters of the (iso)eicosanoid system. Patients were allowed to smoke a water pipe once daily for 14 days. Blood was drawn from 7 healthy adult non-cigarette smoking male volunteers before and immediately after the first smoking of the water pipe and additionally after 6 hours. One and 2 weeks thereafter, blood was drawn again before and after smoking. A total of 7 blood samples was drawn during the study, and parameters of in vivo oxidation injury (8-epi-PGF2Î±, malondialdehyde [MDA]) and haemostasis (11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 [11-DH-TXB2]) were investigated. A single smoking session increased oxidation injury (8-epi-PGF2Î±: p = 0.03; MDA: p = 0.001) and 11-DH-TXB 2 (p = 0.00003) significantly, and repeated daily smoking induced a persistent long-lasting oxidation injury reflected by elevated prevalues but a smaller response to the actual water pipe smoke. These findings indicate a significant increase of in vivo oxidative stress by regular water pipe smoking. Â© 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Descriptors 11 oxothromboxane B2, 8 isoprostaglandin E2, icosanoid, malonaldehyde, article, blood sampling, smoking, controlled study, electric potential, hemostasis, human, human experiment, in vivo study, male, normal human, oxidation, thrombocyte function Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Wolfram,R. M., Chehne,F., Oguogho,A., Sinzinger,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Presence of Pseudomonas putida strains harboring plasmids bearing the metallo-Î²-lactamase gene blaIMP in a hospital in Japan	2003	Iyobe, S., Lab. of Drug Resistance in Bacteria, Gunma University School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of clinical microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Clin.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form 2003/09 Volume 41 Issue 9 Start Page 4246 Other Pages 4251 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0095-1137 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract To determine the persistence and spread of antibiotic-resistant strains in Gunma University Hospital, 83 Pseudomonas putida strains (each from a different patient) were isolated from January 1997 through December 2001. Of the 83 strains isolated, 27 were resistant to carbapenems. All 27 produced metallo-Î²-lactamase and were found to be PCR positive for the bla IMP gene. Most (22 strains) were primarily isolated from the wards (W7 [9 strains] and W4 [8 strains]). Another five blaIMP-positive P. putida strains from wards W7 and W4 were obtained by swabbing around the water pipes. A total of 32 blaIMP-positive P. putida strains were assessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and testing of drug susceptibility to 10 chemotherapeutic agents. Both PFGE and MIC patterns revealed that there were long-term resident strains among inpatients and hospital environments. The blaIMP genes of 22 of 32 strains were all transferable to a recipient strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by conjugation or transformation and conferred resistance to carbapenems and cephems. The blaIMP plasmids were conjugally transmissible among P. aeruginosa strains and mediated resistance to amikacin as well as Î²-lactams. Ten of the 22 plasmids mediated additional resistance to gentamicin and tobramycin. Plasmids with identical DNA and drug resistance patterns were found in P. putida strains with identical PFGE patterns and with different PFGE patterns. We presumed that P. putida was one of the resident species in inpatients and especially in hospital environments, spreading drug resistance genes via plasmids among P. putida strains and supplying them to more pathogenically important species, such as P. aeruginosa. Descriptors amikacin, antiinfective agent, aztreonam, bacterial DNA, beta lactam antibiotic, beta lactamase, carbapenem, cefepime, ceftazidime, cephem, gentamicin, imipenem, meropenem, metalloprotein, norfloxacin, piperacillin, rifampicin, tobramycin, antibiotic resistance, antibiotic sensitivity, article, bacterial gene, bacterial strain, bacterial transmission, bacterium conjugation, bacterium isolation, bacterium transformation, bla imp gene, controlled study, hospital, hospital patient, human, Japan, major clinical study, minimum inhibitory concentration, multidrug resistance, nonhuman, nucleotide sequence, pathogenicity, plasmid, polymerase chain reaction, priority journal, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, pulsed field gel electrophoresis, species, ward, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Yomoda,S., Okubo,T., Takahashi,A., Murakami,M., Iyobe,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Isolation of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas putida and its genetic background	2003	Yomoda, S., Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Laboratory Center, Bacteria Gunma Univ. School of Med., Maebashi, Japan	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Japanese Journal of Chemotherapy Periodical, Abbrev. Jpn.J.Chemother. Pub Date Free Form 2003/01 Volume 51 Issue 1 Start Page 8 Other Pages 12 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1340-7007 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract We isolated 83 Pseudomonas putida strains in the 5 years from January 1997 through December 2001 at Gunma University Hospital. The sample was free of patient duplication. Among them, 27 isolates were resistant to imipenem (IPM), 22 of which were of urine origin. None was isolated from respiratory specimens. Most IPM-resistant isolates were strains multiply resistant to piperacillin, ceftazidime, amikacin, and norfloxacin. The IMP metallo-Î²-lactamase gene (blaIMP) was identified by PCR from all 27 IPM-resistant strains, which were derived from different 8 wards. We focused on 13 blaIMP-bearing P. putida strains of a ward, 9 isolated from inpatients and 4 detected from around the water pipe. The long-term residence of blaIMP-bearing P. putida strains, identified as the same strains with pulsed-field gel eletrophoresis (PFGE) patterns and MIC patterns as for 10 drugs, was observed in both inpatients and the ward environment. From 9 of the 13 strains, the blaIMP gene was effectively transferred to a recipient strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, conferring resistance to IPM and other Î²-lactams concomitantly with amikacin resistance; 4 of the 9 strains conferred additional resistance to gentamicin and tobramycin. Descriptors amikacin, aztreonam, beta lactam antibiotic, beta lactamase, carbapenem derivative, cefepime, ceftazidime, gentamicin, imipenem, meropenem, metalloprotein, norfloxacin, piperacillin, rifampicin, tobramycin, antibiotic resistance, article, bacterial gene, bacterial genetics, bacterial strain, bacterium detection, bacterium identification, bacterium isolate, bacterium isolation, controlled study, gene identification, gene transfer, hospital patient, human, Japan, minimum inhibitory concentration, multidrug resistance, nonhuman, polymerase chain reaction, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, pulsed field gel electrophoresis, recipient, respiratory system, strain difference, time, university hospital, urinalysis, ward, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Yomoda,S., Takahashi,A., Okubo,T., Murakami,M., Iyobe,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Group behaviour therapy programmes for smoking cessation	2002	Dept of Health Care and Epidemiology, University of British Columbia, Mather Building, 5804 Fairview Avenue, Vancouver, Canada, V6T 1Z3. lindsay.stead@dphpc.ox.ac.uk	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form Volume -3 Issue 3 Start Page CD001007 Other Pages Notes LR: 20130628; JID: 100909747; UIN: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;(2):CD001007. PMID: 15846610; RF: 103; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 12137615 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review; IM DOI CD001007 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12137615 Abstract BACKGROUND: Group therapy offers individuals the opportunity to learn behavioural techniques for smoking cessation, and to provide each other with mutual support. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine the effects of smoking cessation programmes delivered in a group format compared to self-help materials, or to no intervention; to compare the effectiveness of group therapy and individual counselling; and to determine the effect of adding group therapy to advice from a health professional or nicotine replacement. We also aimed to determine whether specific components increased the effectiveness of group therapy. We aimed to determine the rate at which offers of group therapy are taken up. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group trials register, with additional searches of PsycInfo and MEDLINE, including the terms behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, psychotherapy or group therapy, in December 2001. SELECTION CRITERIA: We considered randomised trials that compared group therapy with self-help, individual counselling, another intervention or no intervention (including usual care or a waiting list control). We also considered trials that compared more than one group programmes. We included those trials with a minimum of two group meetings, and follow-up of smoking status at least six months after the start of the programme. We excluded trials in which group therapy was provided to both active therapy and placebo arms of trials of pharmacotherapies, unless they had a factorial design. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data in duplicate on the people recruited, the interventions provided to the groups and the controls, including programme length, intensity and main components, the outcome measures, method of randomisation, and completeness of follow-up. The main outcome measure was abstinence from smoking after at least six months follow-up in patients smoking at baseline. We used the most rigorous definition of abstinence in each trial, and biochemically validated rates where available. Subjects lost to follow-up were counted as smokers. Where possible, we performed meta-analysis using a fixed effects (Peto) model. MAIN RESULTS: A total of fifty two trials met inclusion criteria for one or more of the comparisons in the review. Sixteen studies compared a group programme with a self-help programme. There was an increase in cessation with the use of a group programme (N=4,395, odds ratio 1.97, 95% confidence interval 1.57 to 2.48). Group programmes were more effective than no intervention controls (six trials, N=775, odds ratio 2.19, 95% confidence interval 1.42 to 3.37). There was no evidence that group therapy was more effective than a similar intensity of individual counselling. There was limited evidence that the addition of group therapy to other forms of treatment, such as advice from a health professional or nicotine replacement produced extra benefit. There was variation in the extent to which those offered group therapy accepted the treatment. There was limited evidence that programmes which included components for increasing cognitive and behavioural skills and avoiding relapse were more effective than same length or shorter programmes without these components. This analysis was sensitive to the way in which one study with multiple conditions was included. There was no evidence that manipulating the social interactions between participants in a group programme had an effect on outcome. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Groups are better than self-help, and other less intensive interventions. There is not enough evidence on their effectiveness, or cost-effectiveness, compared to intensive individual counselling. The inclusion of skills training to help smokers avoid relapse appears to be useful although the evidence is limited. There is not enough evidence to support the use of particular components in a programme beyond the support and skills training normally included. Descriptors Behavior Therapy/methods, Humans, Program Evaluation, Psychotherapy, Group, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Smoking/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation/methods Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Stead,L. F., Lancaster,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Architecture, influencing factors, and sensitivity to antifungal agents of Candida biofilm	2002	Department of Dermatology, PUMC Hospital, CAMS, PUMC, Beijing 100730, China. sunqnzhy@yahoo.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Zhongguo yi xue ke xue yuan xue bao.Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae Periodical, Abbrev. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 24 Issue 4 Start Page 385 Other Pages 388 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 8006230; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 304NUG5GF4 (Itraconazole); 7XU7A7DROE (Amphotericin B); 8VZV102JFY (Fluconazole); ppublish Place of Publication China ISSN/ISBN 1000-503X; 1000-503X Accession Number PMID: 12905659 Language chi SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12905659 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To establish a model of Candida biofilm and to explore its characteristics, ultrastructure, influences by saliva and serum, and sensitivity to antifungal agents. METHODS: Evaluations of the in vitro growth kinetics, influences by saliva and serum, and sensitivity to antifungal agents of Candida biofilm were performed with the abated tetrazolium salt XTT method on a 96-well microtire petri dish. The ultrastructure of Candida biofilm was observed under Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM). RESULTS: The bioactivity of Candida biofilm increased with culturing time and serum could obviously increase the action of biofilm. The Candida biofilm was significantly resistant to routine antifungal agents. CONCLUSION: The Candida cells adhered in biofilms are significantly different in morphology from those in suspension and are resistant to routine antifungal agents such as Amphotericine B, Fluconazole and Itraconazole. Descriptors Amphotericin B/pharmacology, Antifungal Agents/pharmacology, Biofilms/drug effects, Candida/drug effects/ultrastructure, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Fluconazole/pharmacology, Itraconazole/pharmacology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Microscopy, Confocal Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Sun,Q. N., Fang,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Application of an ozone disinfection apparatus for small drinking water supply systems in rural areas	2002	Sun, X., Office of Beijing Municipal Commission for Patriotic Health Campaign, Beijing 100053, China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Wei sheng yan jiu = Journal of hygiene research Periodical, Abbrev. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu Pub Date Free Form / Volume 31 Issue 5 Start Page 386 Other Pages 388 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1000-8020 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract To design an ozone disinfection apparatus which is inexpensive and to practical for small drinking water supply system in rural areas. And test its effectiveness. Designed apparatus must be rapid, low cost, high automatic and easy for operation. The key technologies are to create ozone of high concentration and to mix it with water very well, and add it into main water pipe automatically. The results showed: In laboratory, at the condition of ozone of 0.2 mg/l for 3 minutes, all germs and bacteria coli were killed. In the field study, the water samples from three villages met the standard for drinking water very well. THE CONCLUSIONS: The apparatus reached the design requirement. An innovative part of the study is that we have improved a device for mixture of ozone with water. The laboratory and field study have proved the apparatus is low cost, high effectiveness, and easy to operate u. It is very useful for small drinking water supply system in rural areas. Descriptors ozone, article, disinfection, health, devices, microbiology, water management, water pollution, water supply Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Sun,X., Liu,Y., Wang,L., Zhang,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Smokers deprived of cigarettes for 72 h: effect of nicotine patches on craving and withdrawal	2002	GlaxoSmithKline SpA, Medicine Research Centre, Via A. Fleming N 4, 37135 Verona, Italy. vt46971@gsk.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Psychopharmacology Periodical, Abbrev. Psychopharmacology (Berl) Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 164 Issue 2 Start Page 177 Other Pages 187 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 7608025; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); K5161X06LL (Cotinine); WI4X0X7BPJ (Hydrocortisone); 2002/01/23 [received]; 2002/06/17 [accepted]; 2002/08/27 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 0033-3158; 0033-3158 Accession Number PMID: 12404080 Language eng SubFile Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; IM DOI 10.1007/s00213-002-1176-1 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12404080 Abstract RATIONALE: Research on the effects of nicotine abstinence and nicotine replacement has not provided consistent information about the impact of replacement therapies on tobacco withdrawal and craving. OBJECTIVE: . This study investigated craving and withdrawal symptoms over a 72-h period of abstinence from cigarettes. METHODS: . Twenty-four healthy volunteers, not intending to quit smoking, were housed in an experimental unit during three 72-h conditions, consisting of either free smoking, enforced smoking cessation with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) patches, or enforced smoking cessation with placebo patches. The conditions were adhered to using a randomized crossover design, each separated by at least 10 days of washout. Patches, administered in a double-blind fashion, were given as nicotine (21 mg/24 h) and placebo every 24 h. Self-reported cigarette craving and withdrawal were assessed using multi-item scales at fixed intervals over each condition period. Urinary and plasma cortisol levels were also assayed at fixed intervals over each period. RESULTS: Craving intensity was significantly lower with free smoke than with placebo and with NRT patches than with placebo. No difference in craving levels was found between those who smoked or those who had NRT patches. Withdrawal symptoms were significantly lower with free smoke than with either placebo or NRT patches, but there was no difference in levels of withdrawal between those on NRT patches and those on placebo. During the placebo and NRT patch periods, craving intensity displayed a circadian rhythm, with craving levels lowest in the morning and peaking in the evening. Nicotine delivered via the patch had no impact on these circadian variations in craving. There was no evidence of systematic temporal variations in craving levels during the free smoking period. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggested that craving and withdrawal symptoms may be sustained by different physiological pathways, and that only selected components of cigarette craving are influenced by NRT. Descriptors Administration, Cutaneous, Adult, Blood Pressure/drug effects, Carbon Monoxide/metabolism, Cotinine/chemistry, Cross-Over Studies, Double-Blind Method, Female, Heart Rate/drug effects, Humans, Hydrocortisone/blood/metabolism/urine, Male, Nicotine/administration & dosage/therapeutic use, Random Allocation, Saliva/drug effects/metabolism, Smoking/drug therapy/physiopathology/psychology, Smoking Cessation, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/drug therapy/physiopathology/psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Teneggi,V., Tiffany,S. T., Squassante,L., Milleri,S., Ziviani,L., Bye,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20020827 PMCID Editors
Tobacco smoking habits, beliefs, and attitudes among medical students in Tirana, Albania	2002	Respiratory Pathophysiology, Sauk University Clinics, Tirana, Albania.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Preventive medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 34 Issue 3 Start Page 370 Other Pages 373 Notes LR: 20041117; CI: (C)2002; JID: 0322116; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0091-7435; 0091-7435 Accession Number PMID: 11902854 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1006/pmed.2001.0994 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 11902854 Abstract BACKGROUND: Many surveys throughout the world have evaluated the smoking behaviors, beliefs, and attitudes of medical students, but no information is available from Albania. METHOD: A cross-sectional survey in classroom settings using a self-administered questionnaire was performed at the University of Tirana during October 2000. RESULTS: In the first and fifth years of medical school, 149 (68.5% women) and 185 (55% women) students, respectively, completed the questionnaire, with overall response rates of 82 and 92%. Tobacco smoking prevailed among males. The smoking rates among first-year medical students were 34% among men and 5% among women. Among fifth-year students, 55% of the men and 34% of the women smoked. The percentages of occasional smokers were 29 and 49%, respectively, among the first- and fifth-year students who smoked. Most medical students reported knowing the health hazards of tobacco. Most students in both groups believed that smoking should be restricted in hospitals. Slightly more than half of the students stated that they will regularly advise smokers against smoking in their future jobs. CONCLUSION: Tobacco smoking is common among medical students in Albania. Targeted antismoking training should be mandatory for medical students in Albania. Descriptors Adult, Albania/epidemiology, Attitude to Health, Cross-Sectional Studies, Data Collection, Female, Health Behavior, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Probability, Reference Values, Risk Assessment, Sex Distribution, Smoking/epidemiology/psychology, Students, Medical, Urban Population Links Book Title Database Publisher American Health Foundation and Elsevier Science (USA) Data Source Authors Vakeflliu,Y., Argjiri,D., Peposhi,I., Agron,S., Melani,A. S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Ethnic and gender differences in smoking and smoking cessation in a population of young adult air force recruits	2002	University of Memphis Center for Community Health, 5050 Poplar Avenue, Suite 1800, Memphis, TN 38157, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Health promotion : AJHP Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Health Promot. Pub Date Free Form May-Jun Volume 16 Issue 5 Start Page 259 Other Pages 266 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: HL-53478/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 8701680; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0890-1171; 0890-1171 Accession Number PMID: 12053437 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; T DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12053437 Abstract PURPOSE: To examine gender and ethnic differences in smoking and smoking cessation in a population of young adult military recruits. DESIGN: A self-administered survey of demographics, tobacco use, and other health risk behaviors was administered at the start of basic military training. SETTING: The study was conducted at Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas, where all U.S. Air Force recruits complete basic military training. SUBJECTS: All recruits who entered the U.S. Air Force between September 1995 and September 1996 participated in this study (n = 32,144; 100% participation rate). MEASURES: Recruits completed a written 53-item behavioral risk questionnaire. Measures examined in the present study included smoking status (ever having smoked a cigarette, current daily smoking, and quitting); demographics (ethnicity, gender, education, family income, and age); smoking history; and nicotine dependence. RESULTS: Rates of ever smoking, current daily smoking, and quitting were examined in multiple logistic regression analyses as a function of gender and ethnicity, controlling for age, education, and family income. Overall, 54% of recruits had ever smoked a cigarette and 24.9% smoked daily at the time of entry into basic military training. Smoking rates were highest among white and Native American recruits. Among whites, women were more likely to be a current daily smoker (31.6% vs. 29.4%; odds ratio [OR] = 1.18, 99% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.08-1.29). The opposite pattern was observed among African-Americans (5.6% vs. 9.8%, respectively; OR = .57; CI = .41-.79). Current smokers had low levels of nicotine dependence compared with the general population of U.S. smokers, but whites tended to be more dependent than other ethnic groups. Cessation rates were similar for men and women but differed according to ethnicity, ranging from 15% among whites to 23% among Hispanics. CONCLUSIONS: These findings document important gender and ethnic differences in cigarette smoking among military recruits. Whites and Native Americans were more likely to smoke, less likely to quit, and more nicotine-dependent than other ethnic groups. Across gender/ethnicity groups, smoking rates were especially high among white women, with nearly one-third smoking daily until entry into basic training. Gender differences were not observed in cessation rates, but Hispanics were more likely than other ethnic groups to have quit smoking. The results highlight the need to develop effective cessation interventions for this population. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Ethnic Groups/psychology, Female, Humans, Male, Military Personnel/psychology, Prevalence, Risk-Taking, Sex Factors, Smoking/epidemiology/ethnology, Smoking Cessation/ethnology/statistics & numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires, Texas/epidemiology, Tobacco Use Disorder Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ward,K. D., Vander Weg,M. W., Kovach,K. W., Klesges,R. C., DeBon,M. W., Haddock,C. K., Talcott,G. W., Lando,H. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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