WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
Impact of religious rulings (Fatwa) on smoking.	2003	Radwan, G.N., Egyptian Smoking Prevention Research Institute.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Egypt.Soc.Parasitol. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 33 Issue 3 Suppl Start Page 1087 Other Pages 1101 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0253-5890 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract An interview survey was carried out in a rural village and two nearby schools in Qalyubia Governorate to assess the pattern of smoking and knowledge about religious ruling (Fatwa) and its impact on the quit attempts. Also, a similar survey was conducted in 6 Shisha cafÃ©s in Cairo. The results showed that the majority of respondents (81% among rural adults, 83.2% among Shisha cafÃ© patrons, 73.3% among rural youth and 81.4% among rural students) knew about the Fatwa on smoking. Higher proportions of all participants thought that smoking is a sin (97.3% among rural adults, 80.8% among Shisha cafÃ© patrons, 94.4% among rural youth and 98.4% among rural students). There was a significantly higher knowledge about Fatwa on smoking among men than women. This indicates a successful outreach program targeted mainly to men through mosques. Knowledge about Fatwa on smoking increased significantly with increased exposure to antismoking messages from religious leader. Knowledge about the Fatwa on smoking or belief that smoking is a sin had no significant effect on quit attempts. Our results point to the need for intensive efforts on the part of religious leaders to translate the current belief that smoking is a sin into quitting among smokers. Better results may be achieved through personal interactions in small groups rather than in mosque settings. Descriptors adolescent, adult, article, attitude to health, catering service, child, Egypt, female, health, human, male, religion, smoking, smoking cessation Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Radwan,G. N., Israel,E., El-Setouhy,M., Abdel-Aziz,F., Mikhail,N., Mohamed,M. K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Review on water pipe smoking.	2003	Radwan, G.N., Egyptian Smoking Prevention Research Institute.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Egypt.Soc.Parasitol. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 33 Issue 3 Suppl Start Page 1051 Other Pages 1071 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0253-5890 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Water-pipe smoking may lead to cancers, genetic damage, diseases of the lungs and other disease conditions. Many of the studies on these subjects are merely anecdotal or lack the necessary rigorous study design or the power needed to be certain of the results. Given the large number of people who smoke waterpipe and the fact that waterpipe smoking has become a fashionable trend in the Middle East and the Western world among the youth, it is essential to study the health effects of waterpipe smoking with renewed emphasis. Descriptors Egypt, health, human, review, smoking Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Radwan,G. N., Mohamed,M. K., El-Setouhy,M., Israel,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Arab-American adolescent tobacco use: four pilot studies	2003	Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. vrice@wayne.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Preventive medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 37 Issue 5 Start Page 492 Other Pages 498 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 0322116; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0091-7435; 0091-7435 Accession Number PMID: 14572433 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI S0091743503001750 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 14572433 Abstract OBJECTIVES: Four pilot studies were conducted to determine the (1) current tobacco use patterns and predictors among 14- to 18-year-old Arab-American youths; (2) psychometric properties of study measures (English and Arabic); (3) cultural appropriateness of Project Toward No Tobacco (TNT) for intervention; (4) accessible population for a longitudinal study. METHODS: Three studies were descriptive and one used a pretest-posttest design. From four Pilot Focus groups (N = 28 smokers) key tobacco use themes emerged along with information on study measures and the Project TNT intervention; Pilot Intervention tested the tailored Project TNT intervention with 9 Arab-American teens; Pilot Clinic (N = 44) determined the characteristics of the accessible teen health clinic population; and Pilot School (N = 119) obtained tobacco use data only. RESULTS: From Pilot Focus seven themes (being cool, "nshar ma'a al shabab" [hanging out with the guys], present [time] orientation, smoking feels and tastes good, keeps your mind off trouble, easy to get, and (many) "barriers to quitting") emerged from the data. In the Pilot Intervention a 37.5% cessation rate was found. In the Pilot Clinic study, 24% males and 17% females smoked. The current smoking rate in the Pilot School (N = 119) sample was 17%; 34% admitted to having ever smoked (even a puff). Significant predictors for current tobacco use included poor grades, stress, having many family members and peers who smoke, being exposed to many hours of smoking each day, receiving offers of tobacco products, advertising and mail, and believing that tobacco can help one to make friends. CONCLUSIONS: The four pilots contributed unique and essential knowledge for designing a longitudinal clinical trial on tobacco use by Arab-American adolescents. Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior/ethnology, Arabs/ethnology, Attitude to Health/ethnology, Cultural Characteristics, Female, Focus Groups, Friends, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Needs Assessment, Peer Group, Pilot Projects, Predictive Value of Tests, Psychology, Adolescent, Psychometrics, Qualitative Research, Risk Factors, Sample Size, Smoking/ethnology/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation/ethnology/methods, Surveys and Questionnaires/standards, United States Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Rice,V. H., Templin,T., Kulwicki,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Tribromopyrrole, brominated acids, and other disinfection byproducts produced by disinfection of drinking water rich in bromide	2003	National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA. richardson.susan@epa.gov	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental science & technology Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Sci.Technol. Pub Date Free Form 1-Sep Volume 37 Issue 17 Start Page 3782 Other Pages 3793 Notes LR: 20121115; JID: 0213155; 0 (Bromides); 0 (Chlorine Compounds); 0 (Oxides); 0 (Pyrroles); 8061YMS4RM (chlorine dioxide); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0013-936X; 0013-936X Accession Number PMID: 12967096 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12967096 Abstract Using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), we investigated the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) from high bromide waters (2 mg/L) treated with chlorine or chlorine dioxide used in combination with chlorine and chloramines. This study represents the first comprehensive investigation of DBPs formed by chlorine dioxide under high bromide conditions. Drinking water from full-scale treatment plants in Israel was studied, along with source water (Sea of Galilee) treated under carefully controlled laboratory conditions. Select DBPs (trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, aldehydes, chlorite, chlorate, and bromate) were quantified. Many of the DBPs identified have not been previously reported, and several of the identifications were confirmed through the analysis of authentic standards. Elevated bromide levels in the source water caused a significant shift in speciation to bromine-containing DBPs; bromoform and dibromoacetic acid were the dominant DBPs observed, with very few chlorine-containing compounds found. Iodo-trihalomethanes were also identified, as well as a number of new brominated carboxylic acids and 2,3,5-tribromopyrrole, which represents the first time a halogenated pyrrole has been reported as a DBP. Most of the bromine-containing DBPs were formed during pre-chlorination at the initial reservoir, and were not formed by chlorine dioxide itself. An exception wasthe iodo-THMs, which appeared to be formed by a combination of chlorine dioxide with chloramines or chlorine (either added deliberately or as an impurity in the chlorine dioxide). A separate laboratory study was also conducted to quantitatively determine the contribution of fulvic acids and humic acids (from isolated natural organic matter in the Sea of Galilee) as precursor material to several of the DBPs identified. Results showed that fulvic acid plays a greater role in the formation of THMs, haloacetic acids, and aldehydes, but 2,3,5-tribromopyrrole was produced primarily from humic acid. Because this was the first time a halopyrrole has been identified as a DBP, 2,3,5-tribromopyrrole was tested for mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. In comparison to other DBPs, 2,3,5-tribromopyrrole was 8x, 4.5x, and 16x more cytotoxic than dibromoacetic acid, 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2-[5H]-furanone [MX], and potassium bromate, respectively. 2,3,5-Tribromopyrrole also induced acute genomic damage, with a genotoxic potency (299 microM) similar to that of MX. Descriptors Bromides/analysis/chemistry, Chlorine Compounds/chemistry, Disinfection, Environmental Monitoring, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Oxides/chemistry, Pyrroles/chemistry, Risk Assessment, Water Supply Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Richardson,S. D., Thruston,A. D.,Jr, Rav-Acha,C., Groisman,L., Popilevsky,I., Juraev,O., Glezer,V., McKague,A. B., Plewa,M. J., Wagner,E. D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Smoking mothers and snuffing fathers: behavioural influences on youth tobacco use in a Swedish cohort	2003	Division of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. ingvar.rosendahl@smd.sll.se	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 12 Issue 1 Start Page 74 Other Pages 78 Notes LR: 20140611; JID: 9209612; OID: NLM: PMC1759077; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 12612366 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12612366 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To analyse the influences of parental use of cigarettes and snus (the Swedish variety of smokeless tobacco) on offspring's behaviour. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: The Stockholm County of Sweden. SUBJECTS: 2232 adolescents recruited in the fifth grade (mean age 11.6 years) with follow up in the eighth grade. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self reported tobacco use (ever and current use of cigarettes and/or snus) in the eighth grade. RESULTS: Parents' tobacco use was associated with adolescents' current use of cigarettes and snus (odds ratio (OR) 2.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8 to 3.9 if both parents used tobacco v neither parent). Mother's cigarette smoking was associated with adolescents' current exclusive smoking (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.6 to 3.6). Father's use of snus was associated with current exclusive use of snus among boys (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.4 to 6.4), but not with current cigarette use. The overall prevalence of current smoking was lower among children whose fathers used snus than among those whose fathers smoked. CONCLUSIONS: Parental smoking, especially maternal smoking, enhances the risk of tobacco experimentation in youths, as does paternal use of smokeless tobacco. However, the transition to regular cigarette smoking is not likely to be affected by paternal use of smokeless tobacco. Contextual factors, in particular declining smoking trends and negative social acceptance of smoking, can explain most of these findings. Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Child, Child of Impaired Parents/psychology, Fathers/psychology, Female, Humans, Male, Mothers/psychology, Parent-Child Relations, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Smoking/epidemiology/psychology, Sweden/epidemiology, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology/psychology, Tobacco, Smokeless Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Rosendahl,K. I., Galanti,M. R., Gilljam,H., Ahlbom,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC1759077 Editors
Characterisation of the bacterial community associated with early stages of great scallop (Pecten maximus), using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE)	2003	Sandaa, R.-A., University of Bergen, Department of Microbiology, N-5020 Bergen, Norway	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Systematic and applied microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Syst.Appl.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 26 Issue 2 Start Page 302 Other Pages 311 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0723-2020 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA was used to characterise and compare bacterial communities associated with scallop larvae (Pecten maximus), in different production units in a shellfish hatchery. Water and larvae samples were collected from three different aquaculture systems; stagnant, flow-through and a flow-through system with seawater treated with ozone. Samples were also collected from different algal cultures, inlet tanks and water pipes leading to the different aquaculture systems. Clear differences were seen between the bacterial community associated with the larvae and in the water from the different aquaculture systems. However, there were high similarities in the community composition between different water samples and between larvae samples collected at different time periods, indicating a high stability in the bacterial communities. Fifty three percent of the sequences from these samples were similar to 16S rRNA gene sequences of members of the Î³-subclass of the Proteobacteria. The different algal cultures had different bacterial communities, however 73 percent of the sequences were similar to 16S rRNA gene sequences of members of the Î±-subclass of the Proteobacteria. Differences in the DGGE profiles were also seen between the samples taken from the inlet tanks and water pipes, indicating a change in the bacterial community composition as the water passed through the pipes. To our knowledge this is the first study investigating bacterial communities associated with Great Scallop larvae in different aquaculture systems including noncultured components. Descriptors DNA 16S, ozone, RNA 16S, sea water, aquaculture, article, bacterial flora, bacterial genetics, bacterium culture, bacterium identification, bacterium isolate, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, gene sequence, Gram negative bacterium, larva, nonhuman, nucleotide sequence, Pecten maximus, polymerase chain reaction, priority journal, scallop, shellfish, water sampling Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Sandaa,R. -A, Magnesen,T., Torkildsen,L., Bergh,Ã˜. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Low frequency of infertility among workers in a borate processing facility	2003	Åžayli, B.S., Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Biological trace element research Periodical, Abbrev. Biol.Trace Elem.Res. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 93 Issue 3-Jan Start Page 19 Other Pages 29 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0163-4984 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract In order to rule out the possibility of omitting some individuals in the study at field visits described in previous articles, either because of the reluctance of the subject or because of his appointment elsewhere, fertility and infertility states of borate workers of the Borax and Acid Plants in Bandirma, Balikesir are given. Balikesir is one of the four provinces with large borate deposits of Turkey, and Bandirma is 1 of its 19 districts. This county is relatively far away from borate deposits, and drinking water piped out through the springs has a boron amount between 0.10 and 0.82 ppm B. That the participants are occupationally exposed to the mineral in essence is therefore conceivable. At the first phase of the investigation, 191 workers were interviewed, as detailed previously. Among these, there were six infertiles of the primary type with a rate 3.1%. Boron-unrelated infertile couples among sibs were found to be 2.6-3.6%, and 3.2% for three-generation marriages - none being higher than those revealed in different sets of controls. In the second stage of work, computerized files of all workers of the facility and all employees of the general management sharing the same location were checked without an interview. Twenty-four subjects (3.4%) out of 712 workers were childless versus 2.7% among 108 employees, and 2.2% among 91 workers of a distantly located sulfuric acid plant of the same complex. The differences were not significant, and these recent findings support the conclusion already reached almost unambiguously that boron exposure at the present levels does not interfere with human reproduction. Descriptors boric acid, sulfuric acid, air pollutant, article, drug effect, female, fertility, human, infertility, interview, male, occupational exposure, reproduction, Turkey (republic), water supply Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Åžayli,B. S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Formation of natural biofilms during chlorine dioxide and u.v. disinfection in a public drinking water distribution system	2003	Department of Environmental Microbiology, Water Technology and Geotechnology Division, Institute for Technical Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany. thomas.schwartz@itc-wgt.fzk.de	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of applied microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Appl.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form Volume 95 Issue 3 Start Page 591 Other Pages 601 Notes LR: 20121115; JID: 9706280; 0 (Chlorine Compounds); 0 (Disinfectants); 0 (Oxides); 8061YMS4RM (chlorine dioxide); ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1364-5072; 1364-5072 Accession Number PMID: 12911708 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 2019 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12911708 Abstract AIMS: The influence of two disinfection techniques on natural biofilm development during drinking water treatment and subsequent distribution is compared with regard to the supply of a high-quality drinking water. METHODS AND RESULTS: The growth of biofilms was studied using the biofilm device technique in a real public technical drinking water asset. Different pipe materials which are commonly used in drinking water facilities (hardened polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, steel and copper) were used as substrates for biofilm formation. Apart from young biofilms, several months old biofilms were compared in terms of material dependence, biomass and physiological state. Vital staining of biofilms with 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) and the DNA-specific 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining resulted in a significant difference in physiological behaviour of biofilm populations depending on the disinfection technique. Compared with chlorine dioxide disinfection (0.12-0.16 mg l-1), the respiratory activities of the micro-organisms were increased on all materials during u.v. disinfection (u.v.254; 400 J m-2). The biofilm biocoenosis was analysed by in situ hybridization with labelled oligonucleotides specific for some subclasses of Proteobacteria. Using PCR and additional hybridization techniques, the biofilms were also tested for the presence of Legionella spp., atypical mycobacteria and enterococci. The results of the molecular-biological experiments in combination with cultivation tests showed that enterococci were able to pass the u.v. disinfection barrier and persist in biofilms of the distribution system, but not after chlorine dioxide disinfection. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that bacteria are able to regenerate and proliferate more effectively after u.v. irradiation at the waterworks, and chlorine dioxide disinfection appears to be more applicative to maintain a biological stable drinking water. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: As far as the application of u.v. disinfection is used for conditioning of critical water sources for drinking water, the efficiency of u.v. irradiation in natural systems should reach a high standard to avoid adverse impacts on human health. Descriptors Biofilms/drug effects/growth & development/radiation effects, Chlorine Compounds/pharmacology, Colony Count, Microbial, Disinfectants/pharmacology, Disinfection/methods, Enterococcus/drug effects/growth & development/radiation effects, Humans, Oxides/pharmacology, Water Microbiology, Water Purification/methods, Water Supply Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Schwartz,T., Hoffmann,S., Obst,U. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Smoking and health: An overview	2003	Shaikh, M., Cambridge CB4 3HQ, United Kingdom	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International Journal of Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Med. Pub Date Free Form 2003/04 Volume 5 Issue 2 Start Page 88 Other Pages 93 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1468-3814 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Objective- To explore different socio-cultural, psychological, physical and legal issues related to smoking and to determine whether the effects of passive smoking are similar to those of active smoking. Design- Literature Review. Setting- Various published materials such as books, journals, online journals, internet, websites, leaflets and booklets. Method- A review of the literature was carried out by looking at published materials such as books, journals, online journals, internet websites, leaflets and booklets published by different organisations, and data and information so obtained were interpreted in the light of the current situation. Results- The presence of tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke increases the risk of developing respiratory symptoms, thrombosis and cardiovascular disease as well as lung cancer. Smoking reduces productivity and increases health care costs. Other forms of tobacco consumption include chewing on its own or with betel, snuff and hookah smoking. The medico-legal aspects of smoking have been found to be complex. The imposition of tax on cigarettes, originally intended to restrict the use of cigarettes, soon proved to be a profitable source of government revenue. Recently, individuals, and in some countries, the government have been suing tobacco companies for the damages caused to smokers, and such litigation is becoming increasingly common. Conclusions- Smoking is a complex problem and cannot easily be eradicated, especially as it involves the interests of different parties: smokers, the government and tobacco companies, which are unlikely to be in agreement with one another. However, steps should be taken to minimise the damage caused by the habit to prevent it posing a serious threat to the health of the nation. Health professionals can contribute to this by offering advice and providing information and treatment for smokers wishing to stop. Descriptors carbon monoxide, nicotine, tar, betel nut, cardiovascular disease, smoking, cultural factor, government, health care cost, health practitioner, human, Internet, law suit, legal aspect, lung cancer, medical information, medical literature, medicolegal aspect, online system, passive smoking, patient counseling, physical activity, productivity, psychological aspect, respiratory tract disease, review, risk assessment, risk reduction, smokeless tobacco, smoking cessation, smoking habit, social aspect, tax, thrombosis, tobacco industry Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Shaikh,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Investigation of mainstream smoke aerosol of the argileh water pipe	2003	Shihadeh, A., Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Food and Chemical Toxicology Periodical, Abbrev. Food Chem.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form 2003/01 Volume 41 Issue 1 Start Page 143 Other Pages 152 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0278-6915 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract A first-generation smoking machine and protocol have been developed in order to study the mainstream smoke aerosol and elucidate thermal-fluid processes of the argileh water pipe. Results using a common mo'assel tobacco mixture show that, contrary to popular perceptions, the mainstream smoke contains significant amounts of nicotine, "tar" and heavy metals. With a standard smoking protocol of 100 puffs of 3 s duration spaced at 30-s intervals, the following results were obtained in a single smoking session: 2.25 mg nicotine, 242 mg nicotine-free dry particulate matter (NFDPM), and relative to the smoke of a single cigarette, high levels of arsenic, chromium and lead. It was found that increasing puff frequency increased the NFDPM but had little effect on nicotine delivery, while removing the water from the bowl increased by several-fold the nicotine, but had little effect on NFDPM. It was also found that the charcoal disk heat source contributed less than 2% of total particulate matter (TPM), and that characteristic temperatures of the tobacco varied from 450Â°C nearest the heat source to 50Â°C furthest away, indicating that the NFDPM is likely a result of devolatilization rather than chemical reaction, and will thus differ significantly in composition from that of cigarette smoke. Â© 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Descriptors arsenic, charcoal, chromium, cigarette smoke, heavy metal, lead, nicotine, tar, tobacco smoke, water, aerosol, article, chemical composition, controlled study, heat, human, liquid, machine, particulate matter, smoking, temperature, thermal analysis, tobacco, tube, volatilization Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Shihadeh,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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