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In vitro pharmacodynamic characteristics of amphotericin B, caspofungin, fluconazole, and voriconazole against bloodstream isolates of infrequent Candida species from patients with hematologic malignancies 2004 Center of Excellence on Aging, Room 27, 5th level, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Via Colle dell'Ara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
Periodical, Abbrev.
Antimicrob.Agents Chemother.
Pub Date Free Form
Nov
Volume
48
Issue
11
Start Page
4453
Other Pages
4456
Notes
LR: 20141120; JID: 0315061; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Peptides, Cyclic); 0 (Pyrimidines); 0 (Triazoles); 7XU7A7DROE (Amphotericin B); 8VZV102JFY (Fluconazole); F0XDI6ZL63 (caspofungin); JFU09I87TR (Voriconazole); OID: NLM: PMC525414; pp
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
0066-4804; 0066-4804
Accession Number
PMID: 15504881
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
48/11/4453 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
15504881
Abstract
Time-kill and postantifungal effect (PAFE) of amphotericin B, caspofungin, fluconazole, and voriconazole were determined against clinical isolates of Candida guilliermondii, Candida kefyr, and Candida lusitaniae. Azoles displayed fungistatic activity and no measurable PAFE, regardless of the concentration tested. Amphotericin B and caspofungin demonstrated concentration-dependent fungicidal activity, although amphotericin B only produced a significant dose-dependent PAFE against all isolates tested.
Descriptors
Amphotericin B/pharmacology, Antifungal Agents/pharmacology, Candida/drug effects, Candidiasis/complications/microbiology, Colony Count, Microbial, Echinocandins, Fluconazole/pharmacology, Hematologic Neoplasms/complications, Humans, Kinetics, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Models, Biological, Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacology, Pyrimidines/pharmacology, Triazoles/pharmacology, Voriconazole
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Di Bonaventura,G., Spedicato,I., Picciani,C., D'Antonio,D., Piccolomini,R.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
PMC525414
Editors
Trichloroacetic acid cycling in Sitka spruce saplings and effects on sapling health following long term exposure 2004 Heal, M.R., School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, United Kingdom
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Environmental Pollution
Periodical, Abbrev.
Environ.Pollut.
Pub Date Free Form
/
Volume
130
Issue
2
Start Page
165
Other Pages
176
Notes
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
0269-7491
Accession Number
Language
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
Trichloroacetic acid (TCA, CCl3COOH) has been associated with forest damage but the source of TCA to trees is poorly characterised. To investigate the routes and effects of TCA uptake in conifers, 120 Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr) saplings were exposed to control, 10 or 100 μg l-1 solutions of TCA applied twice weekly to foliage only or soil only over two consecutive 5-month growing seasons. At the end of each growing season similar elevated TCA concentrations (approximate range 200-300 ng g-1 dwt) were detected in both foliage and soil-dosed saplings exposed to 100 μg l-1 TCA solutions showing that TCA uptake can occur from both exposure routes. Higher TCA concentrations in branchwood of foliage-dosed saplings suggest that atmospheric TCA in solution is taken up indirectly into conifer needles via branch and stemwood. TCA concentrations in needles declined slowly by only 25-30% over 6 months of winter without dosing. No effect of TCA exposure on sapling growth was measured during the experiment. However at the end of the first growing season needles of saplings exposed to 10 or 100 μg l-1 foliage-applied TCA showed significantly more visible damage, higher activities of some detoxifying enzymes, lower protein contents and poorer water control than needles of saplings dosed with the same TCA concentrations to the soil. At the end of each growing season the combined TCA storage in needles, stemwood, branchwood and soil of each sapling was <6% of TCA applied. Even with an estimated half-life of tens of days for within-sapling elimination of TCA during the growing season, this indicates that TCA is eliminated rapidly before uptake or accumulates in another compartment. Although TCA stored in sapling needles accounted for only a small proportion of TCA stored in the sapling/soil system it appears to significantly affect some measures of sapling health. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Descriptors
trichloroacetic acid, water, air pollution indicator, article, bioaccumulation, concentration process, concentration response, conifer, correlation analysis, detoxification, enzyme activity, foliage, half life time, long term exposure, phytochemistry, plant damage, plant growth, pollution, seasonal variation, sitka spruce, soil analysis, statistical significance, water analysis, winter
Links
Book Title
Database
Embase; MEDLINE
Publisher
Data Source
Embase
Authors
Dickey,C. A., Heal,K. V., Stidson,R. T., Koren,R., Schröder,P., Cape,J. N., Heal,M. R.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
Prenatal and postnatal environmental tobacco smoke exposure and children&#39;s health 2004 Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA. difranzj@ummhc.org
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Pediatrics
Periodical, Abbrev.
Pediatrics
Pub Date Free Form
Apr
Volume
113
Issue
4 Suppl
Start Page
1007
Other Pages
1015
Notes
LR: 20061115; JID: 0376422; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); RF: 173; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1098-4275; 0031-4005
Accession Number
PMID: 15060193
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Review; AIM; IM
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
15060193
Abstract
Children's exposure to tobacco constituents during fetal development and via environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure is perhaps the most ubiquitous and hazardous of children's environmental exposures. A large literature links both prenatal maternal smoking and children's ETS exposure to decreased lung growth and increased rates of respiratory tract infections, otitis media, and childhood asthma, with the severity of these problems increasing with increased exposure. Sudden infant death syndrome, behavioral problems, neurocognitive decrements, and increased rates of adolescent smoking also are associated with such exposures. Studies of each of these problems suggest independent effects of both pre- and postnatal exposure for each, with the respiratory risk associated with parental smoking seeming to be greatest during fetal development and the first several years of life.
Descriptors
Animals, Asthma/etiology, Child, Child Behavior/drug effects, Embryonic and Fetal Development/drug effects, Female, Humans, Infant, Intelligence/drug effects, Otitis Media/etiology, Pregnancy, Respiratory Tract Infections/etiology, Smoking/adverse effects, Sudden Infant Death/etiology, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects/analysis
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
DiFranza,J. R., Aligne,C. A., Weitzman,M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
Otoscopic appearances and tympanometric changes in narghile smokers 2004 Effat, K.G., Medinet El-Mohandeseen, Giza, Egypt
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of Laryngology and Otology
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Laryngol.Otol.
Pub Date Free Form
/
Volume
118
Issue
10
Start Page
818
Other Pages
821
Notes
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
0022-2151
Accession Number
Language
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
Narghile (water-pipe) smoking requires the generation of significant negative intrapharyngeal pressure, which may be transmitted to the middle ear through the Eustachian tube. A total of 80 ears from regular narghile smokers were examined otoscopically and by tympanometry. Seventy ears from heavy cigarette smokers were similarly examined and served as a control group. There was a highly significant increase in the prevalence of attic retractions (P 0.05).
Descriptors
adult, aged, article, atmospheric pressure, auditory tube, cholesteatoma, smoking, clinical article, controlled study, cultural factor, human, male, middle ear pressure, Middle East, narghile smoker, otoscopy, prevalence, smoking habit, swallowing, tympanometry
Links
Book Title
Database
Embase; MEDLINE
Publisher
Data Source
Embase
Authors
Effat,K. G.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
Influence of smoking and snus on the prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes amongst men: the northern Sweden MONICA study 2004 Department of Medicine, Sunderby Hospital, Lulea, Sweden. mats.eliasson@nll.se
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of internal medicine
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Intern.Med.
Pub Date Free Form
Aug
Volume
256
Issue
2
Start Page
101
Other Pages
110
Notes
LR: 20061115; JID: 8904841; CIN: J Intern Med. 2005 May;257(5):481-2; author reply 483. PMID: 15836667; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
0954-6820; 0954-6820
Accession Number
PMID: 15257722
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1111/j.1365-2796.2004.01344.x [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
15257722
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of smoking and smokeless tobacco, 'snus', on the risk of type 2 diabetes. DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional and prospective follow-up study in northern Sweden. SUBJECTS: A total of 3384 men, aged 25-74 years, who participated in the MONICA study in 1986, 1990, 1994 or 1999, 1170 of whom had an oral glucose tolerance test. In 1999, 1757 men from previous cohorts returned for re-examination. Main outcome measures. We compared the prevalence of type 2 diabetes or pathological glucose tolerance (PGT) amongst tobacco users to that of nonusers at entry into the study and at follow-up, using odds ratios. RESULTS: Compared with never users, the age-adjusted risk of prevalent clinically diagnosed diabetes for ever smokers was 1.88 (CI 1.17-3.0) and for smokers 1.74 (0.94-3.2). Corresponding odds ratios for snus users were 1.34 (0.65-2.7) and 1.18 (0.48-2.9). We found no increased risk of prevalent PGT in snus users or smokers. Former smokers and snus users had an insignificantly increased risk for PGT. Compared with nonusers, the age-adjusted risk of developing clinically diagnosed diabetes during follow-up was 4.63 (1.37-16) in consistent exclusive smokers, 3.20 (1.16-8.8) in ex-smokers and no cases in consistent snus users. The risk of PGT during follow-up was not increased in consistent tobacco users but evident, although not statistically significant, in those who quit snus during the follow-up period, 1.85 (0.60-5.7). Adjustment for physical activity and alcohol consumption did not change the major findings. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of diabetes for snus users was not significantly increased. Smoking was associated with prevalent and incident cases of diabetes. Ex-tobacco users tended towards more PGT.
Descriptors
Adult, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology/etiology, Follow-Up Studies, Health Surveys, Humans, Incidence, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Risk, Smoking/adverse effects, Sweden/epidemiology, Tobacco, Smokeless/adverse effects
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Eliasson,M., Asplund,K., Nasic,S., Rodu,B.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
Hepatitis C virus infection at Sharkia Governorate, Egypt: seroprevalence and associated risk factors. 2004 el-Sadawy, M., Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig.
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Egypt.Soc.Parasitol.
Pub Date Free Form
/
Volume
34
Issue
1 Suppl
Start Page
367
Other Pages
384
Notes
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
0253-5890
Accession Number
Language
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
Because many persons with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are asymptomatic, population based serologic studies are needed to estimate the prevalence of infection and to develop and evaluate prevention efforts. A sample of 1422 individuals was included in the study by using multistage sampling technique. Their age ranged from 4-78 years with a mean age (34.7 +/- 18.5), 782 were males (55%) and 640 were females (45%). Exposures and demographic characteristics were obtained through a predesigned questionnaire. Antibody to HCV was assessed using micro-particle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA) enzyme assay by IMX, and the HCV RNA was tested by Real-time PCR technique using ABI Prism 7700 system. The seroprevalence of antibodies to HCV were 23.4% and 27.4% in urban and rural areas respectively, with an overall prevalence (25.8%). This reflects prior HCV infection but not necessarily a current liver disease. Prevalence was higher among males than females and increased sharply with age, from 4.8% in those or = 40 years). Those who were not educated and farmers had a significantly high prevalence. The significant predictors of HCV infection were previous parenteral therapy for schistosomiasis (OR = 4.3, 95% CI = 3.6-7.9), among those over 20 years of age (3.5, 2.18-5.8), blood transfusion (4.1, 2.4-6.9), invasive procedures (surgery and endoscopy), and use of contaminated syringes and needles. Also, shaving at community barbers added significance to the model. Exposures not significantly related to HCV seropositivity were gender, active infection with Schistosoma mansoni, sutures or intravenous and urinary catheterization, water pipe "goza" smoking in group.
Descriptors
hepatitis C antibody, virus RNA, adolescent, adult, age, aged, article, blood, child, Egypt, epidemiology, female, genetics, hepatitis C, Hepatitis C virus, human, immunology, male, middle aged, preschool child, risk factor, sex difference, socioeconomics
Links
Book Title
Database
MEDLINE
Publisher
Data Source
Embase
Authors
el-Sadawy,M., Ragab,H., el-Toukhy,H., el-Mor,A. L., Mangoud,A. M., Eissa,M. H., Afefy,A. F., el-Shorbagy,E., Ibrahem,I. A., Mahrous,S., Abdel-Monem,A., Sabee,E. I., Ismail,A., Morsy,T. A., Etewa,S., Nor Edin,E., Mostafa,Y., Abouel-Magd,Y., Hassan,M. I., Lakouz,K., Abdel-Aziz,K., el-Hady,G., Saber,M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
Effects of smoking on clinical parameters and the gingival crevicular fluid levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in patients with chronic periodontitis 2004 Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey. ebruerdemir@hotmail.com
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of clinical periodontology
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Clin.Periodontol.
Pub Date Free Form
Feb
Volume
31
Issue
2
Start Page
99
Other Pages
104
Notes
LR: 20061115; CI: Copyright Blackwell Munksgaard, 2004; JID: 0425123; 0 (Interleukin-6); 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha); ppublish
Place of Publication
Denmark
ISSN/ISBN
0303-6979; 0303-6979
Accession Number
PMID: 15016034
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM
DOI
10.1111/j.0303-6979.2004.00454.x [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
15016034
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Smoking is an important environmental risk factor for the initiation and progression of periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of smoking on clinical parameters and the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) contents of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels in patients with chronic periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study base consisted of 41 patients including 22 volunteer current smokers with an age range of 32-59 (44.41+/-7.88) years and 19 volunteer non-smokers with an age range of 36-59 (46.94+/-6.07) years. The first month after non-surgical periodontal therapy was accepted as the baseline of the study. The clinical parameters including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded and GCF samples were collected for analysis of GCF contents of IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels. At the 3rd and 6th months, all of these procedures were repeated. RESULTS: In smokers, only CAL was significantly higher at the 3rd month compared with non-smokers (p0.05), the total amount of TNF-alpha in GCF decreased from the initial to the 6th month in smokers (p0.05). CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that cigarette smoking increases the amount of dental plaque over time in smokers and does not influence GCF contents of IL-6 and TNF-alpha.
Descriptors
Adult, Analysis of Variance, Chronic Disease, Dental Plaque Index, Dental Scaling, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Gingival Crevicular Fluid/chemistry, Gingival Hemorrhage/physiopathology, Humans, Interleukin-6/analysis, Male, Middle Aged, Periodontal Attachment Loss/physiopathology, Periodontal Index, Periodontal Pocket/physiopathology, Periodontitis/physiopathology/therapy, Root Planing, Smoking/physiopathology, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/analysis
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Erdemir,E. O., Duran,I., Haliloglu,S.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
Development and process evaluation of a web-based smoking cessation program for college smokers: innovative tool for education 2004 Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1525 Clifton Road, Room 105, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. cescoff@sph.emory.edu
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Patient education and counseling
Periodical, Abbrev.
Patient Educ.Couns.
Pub Date Free Form
May
Volume
53
Issue
2
Start Page
217
Other Pages
225
Notes
LR: 20151119; GR: DA14396-02/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 8406280; 2002/12/13 [received]; 2003/04/23 [revised]; 2003/05/05 [accepted]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Ireland
ISSN/ISBN
0738-3991; 0738-3991
Accession Number
PMID: 15140462
Language
eng
SubFile
Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; N
DOI
10.1016/S0738-3991(03)00163-0 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
15140462
Abstract
Smoking cessation interventions are needed for young adults. Innovative approaches to behavior change for this population should be tested. Formative research and process evaluation of those approaches would result in more effective programs. This paper presents the development process and process evaluation of a web-based smoking cessation program. A description of the stages of development is presented with formative research, development of the web-based intervention, formative evaluation, and process evaluation. The smokers reported high usage of the intervention and satisfaction with the intervention in that it helped to raise their consciousness about quitting, encouraged them to set behavioral goals, provided stages of change feedback, and offered interactivity in presenting information and strategies about quitting. The Internet may be a promising tool for patient education according to the process results.
Descriptors
Adult, Attitude to Health, Computer-Assisted Instruction/methods, Feasibility Studies, Female, Focus Groups, Follow-Up Studies, Goals, Health Behavior, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Internet/organization & administration, Male, Needs Assessment, Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care), Patient Education as Topic/methods, Program Evaluation, Smoking/prevention & control/psychology, Smoking Cessation/methods/psychology, Southeastern United States, Students/psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Universities
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Escoffery,C., McCormick,L., Bateman,K.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease in patient without HIV infection 2004 Field, S.K., Health Science Centre, Calgary, Alta. T2N 4N1, Canada
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Chest
Periodical, Abbrev.
Chest
Pub Date Free Form
/
Volume
126
Issue
2
Start Page
566
Other Pages
581
Notes
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
0012-3692
Accession Number
Language
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is ubiquitous. It is found in various freshwater and saltwater sources around the world, including hot water pipes. Although the organism was identified in the 1890s, its potential to cause human disease was only recognized 50 years later. Only a minority of people exposed to the organism will acquire MAC lung disease, usually those with underlying lung disease or immunosuppression. MAC may, however, cause progressive parenchymal lung disease and bronchiectasis in patients without underlying lung disease, particularly in middle-aged and elderly women. Preliminary data suggest that the interferon-γ pathways may be deficient in elderly women with MAC lung disease. Other groups of patients who are more likely to harbor MAC in their lungs include patients with a cystic fibrosis or an abnormal α1-antiproteinase gene and patients with certain chest wal abnormalities. Treatment results continue to be disappointing, and the mortality of patients with MAC lung disease remains high. A PubMed search identified 38 reports of the treatment of MAC lung disease. Apart from the British Thoracic Society study, the only published controlled investigation, the studies published since 1994 have included a macrolide, either clarithromycin or azithromycin, usually in combination with ethambutol and a rifamycin. If success is defined as eradication of the organism without relapse over a period of several years after treatment has been discontinued, the reported treatment success rate with the macrolide containing regimens is approximately 55%. The prolonged treatment period, side effects, and possibly reinfection rather than relapse are responsible for the high failure rate.
Descriptors
alpha 1 antitrypsin, antibiotic agent, azithromycin, capreomycin, clarithromycin, clofazimine, cycloserine, ethambutol, ethionamide, fresh water, gamma interferon, hot water, isoniazid, minocycline, ofloxacin, rifabutin, rifampicin, rifamycin, sea water, streptomycin, bronchiectasis, clinical feature, computer assisted tomography, cystic fibrosis, disease association, disease course, human, Human immunodeficiency virus infection, lung disease, medical literature, medical society, Mycobacterium avium complex, priority journal, relapse, review, skin test, thorax deformity, thorax radiography
Links
Book Title
Database
Embase; MEDLINE
Publisher
Data Source
Embase
Authors
Field,S. K., Fisher,D., Cowie,R. L.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
Toxicity of Sb and Cu in sewage sludge to terrestrial plants (lettuce, oat, radish), and of sludge elutriate to aquatic organisms (Daphnia and Lemna) and its interaction 2004 Fjällborg, B., Dept. of Appl. Environmental Science, Göteborg University, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Water, air, and soil pollution
Periodical, Abbrev.
Water Air Soil Pollut.
Pub Date Free Form
2004/
Volume
155
Issue
4-Jan
Start Page
3
Other Pages
20
Notes
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
0049-6979
Accession Number
Language
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
Antimony (Sb) and Copper (Cu) are two metals of major concern in sewage sludge. Antimony because its use in society is increasing and this might lead to increased Sb concentrations in sludge. Copper because its total volume in use in society is large and because of corrosion from water pipes it is most difficult to reduce the Cu concentrations in sludge. Fresh digested sewage sludge was spiked with Cu or Sb and the sludge was cultivated with oat (Avena sativa), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) or radish (Raphanus sativus). Elutriates from the cultivated sludge were tested for toxicity with Lemna minor (7-d growth) and Daphnia magna (48 h immobility). Before cultivation the elutriates were toxic to Lemna and Daphnia due to high concentrations of ammonia (NH3) and nitrite (NO2-). Cultivation decreased the concentrations of both NH3 and NO2-, thereby reducing the impact of these compounds in the toxicity tests. Cultivation also decreased the metal concentrations and pH. Daphnia magna was the most sensitive test organism in this study with a 48 h EC50 of 1130 mg Cu kg-1 dry wt and 5 mg Sb kg-1 dry wt in elutriates from sludge cultivated with oat. In sludge cultivated with radish the 48 h EC50 was 1700 mg Cu kg-1 dry wt and 22 mg Sb kg-1 dry wt. The effect of Cu could be predicted by pH and Cu concentration in the elutriate, but the effect of Sb could not solely be explained by its concentration in the elutriate.
Descriptors
antimony, copper, ammonia formation, article, concentration (parameters), corrosion, Daphnia, dry deposition, dry weight, elution, lettuce, municipal solid waste, oat, pH measurement, radish, sludge digestion, sludge disposal, sludge treatment, toxicity testing
Links
Book Title
Database
Embase
Publisher
Data Source
Embase
Authors
Fjällborg,B., Dave,G.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors