WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
A closed-loop control "playback" smoking machine for generating mainstream smoke aerosols	2006	Shihadeh, A., Aerosol Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of Aerosol Medicine: Deposition, Clearance, and Effects in the Lung Periodical, Abbrev. J.Aerosol Med.Deposition Clear.Eff.Lung Pub Date Free Form 2006/ Volume 19 Issue 2 Start Page 137 Other Pages 147 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0894-2684 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract A first generation smoking machine capable of reading and replicating detailed puffing behavior from recorded smoking topography data is presented. Unlike standard smoking machines, which model human puffing behavior as a steady periodic waveform with a fixed puff frequency, volume, and duration, this novel machine generates a mainstream smoke aerosol by automatically "playing-back" puff topography recordings. Because combustion chemistry is highly non-linear, representing real smoking behavior with a smoothed periodic waveform may result in a tobacco smoke aerosol with a significantly different chemical composition and physical properties than that generated by a smoker. The machine presented here utilizes a rapid closed-loop control algorithm coded in LabviewÂ® to generate smoke aerosols for toxicological assessment and inhalation studies. To illustrate its use, dry particulate matter and carbon monoxide yields generated using the playback and equivalent periodic puffing regimens are compared for a single smoking session by a 26-year-old male narghile water-pipe smoker. It was found that the periodic puffing regimen yielded 20% less carbon monoxide (CO) than the played-back smoking session, indicating that steady periodic smoking regimens, which are widely used in tobacco smoke research, may not produce realistic smoke aerosols. Â© Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Descriptors carbon monoxide, cigarette smoke, closed loop control, tobacco smoke, unclassified drug, water, accuracy, aerosol, algorithm, devices, article, combustion, control system, inhalation, machine, measurement, particulate matter, recording, smoking, smoking machine, tube, waveform, Labview Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Shihadeh,A., Azar,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Tobacco smoking among the first-year medical students	2006	Klinika Alergologii Akademii Medycznej w Gdansku, Poland.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Pneumonologia i alergologia polska Periodical, Abbrev. Pneumonol.Alergol.Pol. Pub Date Free Form Volume 74 Issue 4 Start Page 377 Other Pages 382 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9302892; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish Place of Publication Poland ISSN/ISBN 0867-7077; 0867-7077 Accession Number PMID: 17427146 Language pol SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17427146 Abstract The studies have shown that despite studying medicine the rate of tobacco smokers among students is still high. Moreover, in Poland the incidence of smoking is increasing among the youngsters. The study was designed to assess the rate of smokers among the first-year students of two consecutive courses at the Medical University of Gdansk and define their attitudes towards tobacco smoking. The voluntary, multiple-choice questionnaires were distributed among 412 students. The rate of response was 100%. Twenty one percent of responders were current smokers (17% females and 28% men), whereas 7% declared previous smoking. There was no correlation between incidence of smoking among students and their parents (p=0.11). 61% of smokers declared the will to give up their habit and of those 94% were aware of the negative impact of cigarettes on their health. In the group which did not declare the will to quit smoking only 75% knew what the impact of cigarettes on their health was; p=0.02. Only 23% of smokers considered anti-nicotine therapy effective. Almost a half of smokers considered nicotine replacement therapy ineffective for them in quitting cigarette smoking. CONCLUSION: The rate of smokers among the first-year medical students is lower than in general population, but it is still relatively high. However more than a half of smokers wants to give up their habit. Of those who are not willing to, 25% is not aware of the cigarettes' impact on their health. These results call for further anti-nicotine actions. Descriptors Adult, Attitude to Health, Female, Health Education, Humans, Male, Poland/epidemiology, Prevalence, Sex Distribution, Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control/psychology, Socioeconomic Factors, Students, Medical/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/statistics & numerical data, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology/prevention & control/psychology, Universities Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Sieminska,A., Jassem,J. M., Uherek,M., Wilanowski,T., Nowak,R., Jassem,E. Original/Translated Title Postawy wobec palenia tytoniu wsrod studentow pierwszego roku medycyny URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effect of temperature and pipe material on biofilm formation and survival of Escherichia coli in used dinking water pipes: A laboratory-based study	2006	Silhan, J., Institute of Environment and Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Generic Periodical, Full Water Science and Technology Periodical, Abbrev. Water Sci. Technol. Pub Date Free Form 2006/ Volume 54 Issue 3 Start Page 49 Other Pages 56 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0273-1223 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Segments of used drinking water pipes of galvanised steel (GS), cross-linked polyethylene (PEX), copper pipes (Cu) or new medium-density polyethylene (PE) were investigated for the formation of biofilm and survival of E. coli in biofilm and in the water phase. Pipes were filled with water and incubated at 15Â°C or 35Â°C under static conditions. Biofilm formation was followed during 32, 40 and 56 (58) d. The most dense biofilm was formed on GS, reaching approximately 4.7 Ã— 105 CFU/ cm2 measured as heterotrophic plate count (HPC), and at the other materials the density reached 3 Ã— 103CFU/cm2 on PE and PEX and 5 Ã— 101 and 5 Ã— 102 CFU/cm2 on Cu pipes after 58 d at 15Â°C. Biofilm HPC values were higher at 35Â°C than at 15Â°C, with only slightly higher values on the metals, but 100-fold higher on PE and PEX. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) measurements confirmed the general trends observed by HPC. Higher temperature was seen to be an important factor reducing E. coli survival in the water phase in drinking water pipes. At 15Â°C E. coli survived more than 4 d in GS and Cu pipes and 8 d in PE pipes, but was not detected after 48 h at 35Â°C. The E. coli survived longer at both temperatures in the glass control bottles than in the drinking water pipes. Despite the obvious biofilm formation, E coli was not detected in the biofilm at any of the investigated surfaces. Â© IWA Publishing 2006. Descriptors adenosine triphosphate, copper, drinking water, polyethylene, steel, article, bacterial count, bacterial survival, biofilm, controlled study, Escherichia coli, heterotrophy, high temperature, incubation temperature, laboratory test, nonhuman, pipeline, temperature dependence, water contamination, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Silhan,J., Corfitzen,C. B., Albrechtsen,H. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Epidemiological investigation of an outbreak of viral hepatitis	2006	Singh, P.M.P., Station Health Organisation, Devlali, India	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Medical Journal Armed Forces India Periodical, Abbrev. Med.J.Armed Forces India Pub Date Free Form 2006/10 Volume 62 Issue 4 Start Page 332 Other Pages 334 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0377-1237; 0377-1237 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Background: There was a rise in the number of viral hepatitis cases in a regimental training centre in Mar 2003 and an epidemic of viral hepatitis was suspected. Methods: The clinical case sheets and preliminary investigations carried out in the local military hospital (MH) were reviewed. A cross sectional descriptive epidemiological study was undertaken with survey odf the suspected sewage and water pipelines. Results: A total of 36 cases occurred from Mar 2003 to Apr 2003. There was clustering in time and space suggesting common source epidemic. All the 36 serum samples tested for IgM anti HEV antibodies were positive. Exploration of the water pipelines revealed sewage contamination due to leakage in the pipeline passing close to the sewage line. The overall attack rate was 1.44%. Conclusion: The outbreak of viral hepatitis in the regimental training centre occurred due to sewage contamination of drinking water pipeline. Descriptors drinking water, hepatitis E antigen, immunoglobulin M antibody, antibody detection, article, blood sampling, descriptive research, epidemic, human, medical record review, pipeline, public hospital, sewage, time series analysis, viral contamination, virus hepatitis, water contamination, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Singh,P. M. P., Handa,B. S. K., Banerjee,A. Original/Translated Title URL http://medind.nic.in/maa/t06/i4/maat06i4p332.pdf Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Trace analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in suspended particulate matter by accelerated solvent extraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry	2005	Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), Inland and Marine Waters Unit, Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, 21020 Ispra (VA), Italy. angels.olivella@terra.es	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry Periodical, Abbrev. Anal.Bioanal Chem. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 383 Issue 1 Start Page 107 Other Pages 114 Notes LR: 20160512; JID: 101134327; 0 (Anthracenes); 0 (Hexanes); 0 (Naphthalenes); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Solvents); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 1364PS73AF (Acetone); 2166IN72UN (naphthalene); EH46A1TLD7 (anthracene); 2005/03/14 [receive Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1618-2642; 1618-2642 Accession Number PMID: 16041602 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1007/s00216-005-3383-1 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16041602 Abstract An analytical procedure based on extraction by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis has been developed for the determination of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from large-volume water samples (20 L). The effect of temperature and number of cycles on the efficiency of ASE was investigated: the best results were obtained by using a temperature of 100 degrees C and one static cycle. A mixture of hexane/acetone 1:1 (v/v) was used as extraction solvent. Mean total method recovery under optimized conditions was 85%. The developed methodology was applied to the analysis of suspended particulate matter from Lake Maggiore waters (north of Italy). Mean PAH concentrations in suspended particulate matter from Lake Maggiore ranged from 0.2 ng L(-1) for anthracene to 18.7 ng L(-1) for naphthalene. Descriptors Acetone/chemistry, Anthracenes/analysis, Fresh Water/analysis, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods, Hexanes/chemistry, Naphthalenes/analysis, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis, Solvents/chemistry, Temperature, Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Olivella,M. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20051019 PMCID Editors
Biodiversity of lactic acid bacteria in Moroccan soft white cheese (Jben)	2005	Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biologie Moleculaire, Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique, Laboratory of microbiology and Molecular Biology (LMBM), 52. bd Omar Ibn Khattab, BP 8027-10102 Agdal, Rabat, Morocco.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full FEMS microbiology letters Periodical, Abbrev. FEMS Microbiol.Lett. Pub Date Free Form 15-Oct Volume 251 Issue 2 Start Page 267 Other Pages 271 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 7705721; 0 (DNA, Bacterial); 2005/04/14 [received]; 2005/06/09 [revised]; 2005/08/09 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0378-1097; 0378-1097 Accession Number PMID: 16168579 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI S0378-1097(05)00559-8 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16168579 Abstract The bacterial diversity occurring in traditional Moroccan soft white cheese, produced in eight different regions in Morocco, was studied. A total of 164 lactic acid bacteria were isolated, purified and identified by whole-cell protein fingerprinting and rep-PCR genomic fingerprinting. The majority of the strains belonged to the genera Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc and Enterococcus. Sixteen species were identified: Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus garvieae, Lactococcus raffinolactis, Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Leuconostoc citreum, Eterococcus durans, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus saccharominimus and Streptococcus sp. Descriptors Biodiversity, Cheese/microbiology, DNA Fingerprinting, DNA, Bacterial/analysis, Food Microbiology, Lactobacillus/genetics/isolation & purification, Lactococcus/genetics/isolation & purification, Leuconostoc/genetics/isolation & purification, Morocco, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sequence Analysis, DNA Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ouadghiri,M., Amar,M., Vancanneyt,M., Swings,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Radioactivity concentration in liquid and solid phases of scale and sludge generated in the petroleum industry	2005	Hazin, C.A., Departamento de Energia Nuclear, UFPE, 50740-540 Recife, Brazil	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of environmental radioactivity Periodical, Abbrev. J.Environ.Radioact. Pub Date Free Form 2005/ Volume 81 Issue 1 Start Page 47 Other Pages 54 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0265-931X Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Scales and sludge generated during oil extraction and production can contain uranium, thorium, radium and other natural radionuclides, which can cause exposure of maintenance personnel. This work shows how the oil content can influence the results of measurements of radionuclide concentration in scale and sludge. Samples were taken from a PETROBRAS unit in Northeast Brazil. They were collected directly from the inner surface of water pipes or from barrels stored in the waste storage area of the E&P unit. The oil was separated from the solids with a Soxhlet extractor by using aguarras at 90 Â± 5Â°C as solvent. Concentrations of 226Ra and 228Ra in the samples were determined before and after oil extraction by using an HPGe gamma spectrometric system. The results showed an increase in the radionuclide concentration in the solid (dry) phase, indicating that the above radionuclides concentrate mostly in the solid material. Â© 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Descriptors oil, radioisotope, radium 226, solvent, water, article, Brazil, concentration (parameters), gamma spectrometry, liquid, petrochemical industry, radioactivity, sampling, scale up, sludge, solid, storage, surface property, temperature, tube, waste Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Paranhos Gazineu,M. H., De AraÃºjo,A. A., BrandÃ£o,Y. B., Hazin,C. A., Godoy,J. M. D. O. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Research strategies for magnetic fields and cancer	2005	FlÃ¨che Inc.,	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Risk Analysis Periodical, Abbrev. Risk Anal. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 25 Issue 1 Start Page 179 Other Pages 188 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0272-4332 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Widespread concerns about whether electric and magnetic fields (EMF) could adversely affect human health have been raised in epidemiologic studies reported since the 1980s. Possible EMF health effects have been widely publicized in the popular press since that time. We consider here three possible mechanisms of action of EMF on childhood leukemia. We identify the first as "magnetic fields": this hypothesis relates the average level of magnetic field to the incidence of childhood leukemia. We identify a second, recently proposed, mechanism as "contact current": this hypothesis relates the low voltage and consequent current that occurs on the domestic water pipe, due to U.S. grounding practices, as a source for exposure of children. The third hypothesis is that the relationship observed is spurious. Using a modified example taken from the work of Von Winterfeldt and Keeney, we use Decision Analysis to estimate the value of information for distinguishing between the three hypotheses. We believe that this improves on the usual process for deciding on research budgets. Depending on which hypothesis we favor a priori, the value of being informed ranges from $101 to $233 per "problem household." Since there could be as many as 2 million such households, the value of information for resolving this issue could approach half a billion dollars! We find that there is no value of information for finding the odds ratio given the contact current hypothesis. In writing this article, we have consciously kept the computations as simple as possible so as to engage the reader's attention and interest. In a penultimate section, we suggest numerous possible extensions for a group interested in discussing and deciding on the value of research on the relationship between magnetic fields and cancer. Â© 2005 Society for Risk Analysis. Descriptors adolescent, adult, cancer risk, child, childhood cancer, childhood leukemia, decision theory, electromagnetic field, environmental exposure, female, high risk population, household, human, leukemia, magnetic field, major clinical study, male, model, probability, research, review Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Peck,S. C., Kavet,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Isotopic evidence for age-related variation in diet from Isola Sacra, Italy	2005	Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L9, Canada. prowset@mcmaster.ca	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Physical Anthropology Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Phys.Anthropol. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 128 Issue 1 Start Page 2 Other Pages 13 Notes LR: 20061115; CI: (c) 2005; JID: 0400654; 0 (Apatites); 0 (Carbon Isotopes); 0 (Nitrogen Isotopes); 9007-34-5 (Collagen); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0002-9483; 0002-9483 Accession Number PMID: 15761807 Language eng SubFile Historical Article; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1002/ajpa.20094 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15761807 Abstract This study examines collagen (N=105) and apatite (N=65) data from an Imperial Roman skeletal sample from the necropolis of Isola Sacra (Rome, Italy). This paper explores correlations between the isotopic composition of bone samples and the inferred age and sex of these individuals (aged 5--45+ years). The collagen of males, and older individuals in general, was significantly enriched in (15)N but not (13)C. Bone carbonate was somewhat depleted in (13)C in some older individuals, suggesting increased consumption of olive oil and possibly wine. Subadults (>5 years) in the sample appear to have consumed an almost exclusively terrestrial diet. This study demonstrates a clear trend in dietary patterns between adult age groups, as well as between adults and children within a population. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Anthropology, Physical/methods, Apatites/analysis, Bone and Bones/chemistry, Carbon Isotopes/analysis, Child, Child, Preschool, Collagen/analysis, Diet/history, Female, Femur/chemistry, History, Ancient, Humans, Italy, Male, Middle Aged, Nitrogen Isotopes/analysis, Sex Factors Links Book Title Database Publisher Wiley-Liss, Inc Data Source Authors Prowse,T. L., Schwarcz,H. P., Saunders,S. R., Macchiarelli,R., Bondioli,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The distribution and abundance of wetland ichthyofauna, and exploitation of the fisheries in the Godineau Swamp, Trinidad--case study	2005	Institute of Marine Affairs, P.O. BOX 3160, Carenage Post Office, Trinidad, West Indies. hramsundar@ima.gov.tt	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Revista de biologia tropical Periodical, Abbrev. Rev.Biol.Trop. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 53 Suppl 1 Issue Start Page 11 Other Pages 23 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 0404267; 451W47IQ8X (Sodium Chloride); ppublish Place of Publication Costa Rica ISSN/ISBN 0034-7744; 0034-7744 Accession Number PMID: 17465140 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17465140 Abstract The Godineau (South Oropuche) Swamp (3171 ha) on the southwestern coast of Trinidad (10 degrees l315'N, 61degrees 30-32'W) is heavily impacted by anthropogenic activities including fishing, oil exploration, drainage manipulation and wetland clearance. To reduce the negative effects of these activities and to manage the swamp more sustainably, more quantitative information is needed on the ecology of the wetland and the activities that occur within it. This study focuses on the distribution of the fish resources and exploited fisheries as a basis for more informed management directives. Sampling was conducted during 2002, in April-May (for dry season) and July-September (for wet season sampling). Ichthyofauna was sampled both day and night using trammel nets and a push seine. Fishing activities were assessed using a questionnaire and informal discussions with fishers. The wetland supports over 29 species of fish distributed over the freshwater, estuarine and saline zones (n=1454). Species distribution is seasonal, with evidence of the wetland being used as a spawning ground. Species richness and species diversity (Shannon-Weiner Index) for the wetland ranged over 2-11 and 0.162-0.967, respectively, in the dry season and 2-7 and 0.036-0.903, respectively, in the wet season. Communities inhabiting the saline and estuarine zones of the wetland were dominated by a single species, Hexanematichthvs bonillai. Percent Similarity Indices were 41.8% for freshwater, 72.7% for estuarine and 79.8% for estuarine-saline communities. The commercial species accounted for 18% of total catch sampled and consisted of Centropomus undecimalis, Megalops atlanticus, Hoplosternum littorale, Hoplias malabaricus, Ophioscion punctatissimus and Macrodon ancyclodon. Full-time and part-time fishers, including recreational fishers, accounted for 14.3% and 85.7%, respectively of all fishers surveyed (n=56). A conservative estimate of the revenue earned directly at point of sale for fish and shellfish, is approximately US$43 000 per annum. Fishing is important in the area. Management directives taking into account the ecology of the target organisms are needed to allow these fishing practices to be continued in a sustainable manner. Descriptors Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Conservation of Natural Resources, Ecology, Environmental Monitoring, Female, Fisheries/economics, Fishes/classification/growth & development, Fresh Water, Male, Population Density, Population Dynamics, Seasons, Sodium Chloride/analysis, Trinidad and Tobago, Wetlands Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ramsundar,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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