WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
Shisha smoking--an imminent health hazard	2007		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full J Pak Med Assoc Periodical, Abbrev. J.Pak.Med.Assoc. Pub Date Free Form Volume 57 Issue 9 Start Page 430 Other Pages 1 Notes ID: 18072634 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors Health Promotion, Public Health, Smoking/adverse effects, Social Marketing, Hazardous Substances, Humans, Pakistan Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-18072634 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Anjum,Quasia, Ahmed,Farah, Ashfaq,Tabinda Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The effect of cigarette or sheesha smoking on first-trimester markers of Down syndrome	2007		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BJOG Periodical, Abbrev. BJOG Pub Date Free Form Volume 114 Issue 11 Start Page 1397 Other Pages 401 Notes ID: 17803717 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of cigarette or sheesha smoking on first-trimester markers of Down syndrome. DESIGN: A prospective observational study. SETTING: Primary care centres and antenatal clinics of Maternity and Children Hospital, King Abdulaziz University Hospital and New Jeddah Clinic Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. POPULATION: Women with a singleton pregnancy who were either nonsmokers (n = 1736) or cigarette smokers (n = 420) or sheesha smokers (n = 181). METHODS: Fetal nuchal translucency thickness (fetal NT), maternal serum free beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin (free beta-hCG) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) were measured at 11 weeks 0 days to 13 weeks 6 days of gestation in all women. Women were grouped according to smoking status, confirmed by maternal serum cotinine measurements, and analyte levels between groups were compared. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fetal NT, maternal serum free beta-hCG, PAPP-A and cotinine measurements. RESULTS: Compared with nonsmoking women, fetal NT was significantly increased and free beta-hCG and PAPP-A levels were significantly decreased in both cigarette and sheesha smokers. There were significant relationships between all three markers and the number of sheeshas consumed per day. CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette and sheesha smoking significantly affect first-trimester markers of Down syndrome (fetal NT, free beta-hCG and PAPP-A). Correction for this effect in women who smoke might improve the effectiveness of first-trimester screening for Down syndrome in these women. The underlying mechanism(s) relating smoking to the changes in first-trimester markers require further studies. Descriptors Down Syndrome/etiology, Smoking/adverse effects, Adult, Biological Markers/metabolism, Birth Weight, Chorionic Gonadotropin/metabolism, Cotinine/metabolism, Crown-Rump Length, Down Syndrome/diagnosis, Female, Humans, Male, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A/metabolism, Prospective Studies, Saudi Arabia, Sex Distribution, Smoking/blood Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-17803717 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Ardawi,M. S. M., Nasrat,H. A., Rouzi,A. A., Qari,M. H., Al-Qahtani,M., Abuzenadah,A. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
E. A review: Depression and smoking	2007	Arfken, C.L., Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences,	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Ethnicity and Disease Periodical, Abbrev. Ethn.Dis. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 17 Issue SUPPL. 3 Start Page S3; 16-S3-18 Other Pages S3; 16-S3-18 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1049-510X Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The association between depression and smoking has been well-documented in multiple countries and age groups. This review examines recent publications that address the magnitude of the association and its causal patterns (ie, due to lowered success of quitting in people with depression, depression causing smoking, smoking causing depression or third factor related to both smoking and depression). We conclude that the association may be multi-factorial with each of the causal directions possibly contributing to the observed association. Also, the association extends beyond depression to other mental disorders, including consumption of illegal drugs and non-medical use of prescription medications. Although the studies emphasize cigarette smoking, it is plausible to generalize the findings to other tobacco delivery systems involving deep inhalation, such as a hookah, due to the pharmacodynamics of nicotine. Although this review did not examine any studies specific to Arab Americans, the findings should generalize if smoking is stigmatized or, alternatively, as stigmatization increases. The good news is that even with the robust association between depression and smoking, people with depression can quit smoking and continue to be smoke-free. Because 44.3% of cigarettes in the United States are consumed by individuals with mental illnesses1, mental illness deserves a prominent focus to allow our public health goal of reducing the prevalence of smoking to be reached. Descriptors nicotine, arab american, smoking, conference paper, depression, disease association, drug misuse, ethnic group, human, medical literature, mental disease, prevalence, public health service, publication, risk assessment, risk factor, smoking cessation, United States Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Arfken,C. L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Health issues in the Arab American community. A review: depression and smoking.	2007	Arfken, C.L., Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Ethnicity & disease Periodical, Abbrev. Ethn.Dis. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 17 Issue 2 Suppl 3 Start Page S3; 16-S3-1618 Other Pages S3; 16-S3-1618 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1049-510X Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The association between depression and smoking has been well-documented in multiple countries and age groups. This review examines recent publications that address the magnitude of the association and its causal patterns (ie, due to lowered success of quitting in people with depression, depression causing smoking, smoking causing depression or third factor related to both smoking and depression). We conclude that the association may be multi-factorial with each of the causal directions possibly contributing to the observed association. Also, the association extends beyond depression to other mental disorders, including consumption of illegal drugs and non-medical use of prescription medications. Although the studies emphasize cigarette smoking, it is plausible to generalize the findings to other tobacco delivery systems involving deep inhalation, such as a hookah, due to the pharmacodynamics of nicotine. Although this review did not examine any studies specific to Arab Americans, the findings should generalize if smoking is stigmatized or, alternatively, as stigmatization increases. The good news is that even with the robust association between depression and smoking, people with depression can quit smoking and continue to be smoke-free. Because 44.3% of cigarettes in the United States are consumed by individuals with mental illnesses, mental illness deserves a prominent focus to allow our public health goal of reducing the prevalence of smoking to be reached. Descriptors Arab, depression, ethnology, human, Middle East, review, smoking, United States Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Arfken,C. L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Susceptibility of restorative materials to staining by common beverages: an in vitro study	2007	Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. neveenmokhtar@yahoo.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The European journal of esthetic dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Esthetic Dentistry Periodical, Abbrev. Eur.J.Esthet.Dent. Pub Date Free Form Summer Volume 2 Issue 2 Start Page 236 Other Pages 247 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 101285292; 0 (Coffee); 0 (Compomers); 0 (Composite Resins); 0 (Dental Materials); 0 (Glass Ionomer Cements); 0 (Organically Modified Ceramics); 0 (Resin Cements); 0 (Silanes); 0 (Tea); 059QF0KO0R (Water); ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1862-0612; 1862-0612 Accession Number PMID: 19655568 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; D; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19655568 Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the staining potential of glass-ionomer and composite resin restorative materials following immersion in common beverages. Nine tooth-colored restorative materials were used: three glass ionomers (ceramic-reinforced, resin-modified, and conventional) and six composite resins (nanofilled, ormocer-based, flowable ormocer-based, polyacid-modified, microhybrid, and flowable microhybrid). Disk-shaped specimens were prepared and immersed in 37 degrees C distilled water for 24 hours. Over a 2-week period, five specimens of each material were immersed daily in one of three test beverages (coffee, tea, or cola), then stored in distilled water. A control group of five specimens of each material was continuously immersed in distilled water during the test period. Color coefficients (CIE Lab) were measured by a spectrophotometer before and after staining. All materials were susceptible to staining by all test beverages, while distilled water caused no perceptible color change. As determined by ANOVA and Bonferroni tests, there were highly significant differences in the change in color (deltaE) for tested materials in different beverages (P < or = .001). The deltaE was significantly higher for coffee and tea than for cola; the deltaE was significantly higher for the polyacid-modified composite resin than for all other materials. The material with the least amount of color change in coffee and tea was the ceramic-reinforced glass ionomer (deltaE = 12.45 and 10.64, respectively) and in cola was the nanofilled composite resin (deltaE = 1.93). Descriptors Beverages, Carbonated Beverages, Ceramics/chemistry, Coffee, Color, Compomers/chemistry, Composite Resins/chemistry, Dental Materials/chemistry, Glass Ionomer Cements/chemistry, Humans, Immersion, Materials Testing, Nanocomposites/chemistry, Organically Modified Ceramics, Resin Cements/chemistry, Silanes/chemistry, Spectrophotometry, Surface Properties, Tea, Temperature, Time Factors, Water/chemistry Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ayad,N. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Saliva cotinine and exhaled carbon monoxide levels in natural environment waterpipe smokers	2007		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Inhal Toxicol Periodical, Abbrev. Inhal.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form Volume 19 Issue 9 Start Page 771 Other Pages 7 Notes ID: 17613086 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The purpose of this study is to evaluate the variations in exhaled CO and saliva cotinine in natural environment waterpipe smokers and compare them with cigarette smokers and absolute nonsmokers. Three groups were included in the study: nonsmokers (n = 20), waterpipe smokers (n = 15), and cigarette smokers (n = 20). A questionnaire was completed for each participant, exhaled CO was measured before and after waterpipe or cigarette smoking, and saliva cotinine was measured immediately after. We excluded from our study mixed smokers of both waterpipe and cigarettes. Mean values of saliva cotinine in waterpipe and cigarette smokers were very close: 77.8 ng/ml (SD = 110.4) and 87.1 (SD = 82.7) respectively. The weight and height of the persons as well as the size of the waterpipe bottle affected saliva cotinine. However, in waterpipe smokers, CO increased by 300% after 1 h of smoking, while in cigarette smokers, it only increased by 60%. In nonsmokers, exhaled CO was similar to environmental CO (10.2 ppm). The results of our study confirm that waterpipe device water does not filter nicotine and that the smoker him- or herself, by the frequency and the depth of inhalation, controls smoke inhalation. Like cigarette smokers, waterpipe smokers are exposed to harmful substances, such as CO, which was found to be quite high. The levels of expired CO and salivary cotinine could be good tools to detect exposure to waterpipe smoking. Descriptors Carbon Monoxide/metabolism, Cotinine/metabolism, Saliva/chemistry, Smoking/adverse effects, Adult, Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Cotinine/analysis, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Tobacco, Water Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-17613086 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Bacha,Zeina Aoun, Salameh,Pascale, Waked,Mirna Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
An aniline-based fiber coating for solid phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry	2007	Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. bagheri@sharif.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatography.A Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.A Pub Date Free Form 8-Jun Volume 1152 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 168 Other Pages 174 Notes LR: 20090115; JID: 9318488; 0 (Aniline Compounds); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 0 (polyaniline); 2006/10/02 [received]; 2007/01/28 [revised]; 2007/02/02 [accepted]; 2007/02/08 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0021-9673; 0021-9673 Accession Number PMID: 17316658 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI S0021-9673(07)00255-5 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17316658 Abstract A fiber coating from polyaniline (PANI) was electrochemically prepared and employed for solid phase microextraction (SPME) of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from water samples. The PANI film was directly electrodeposited on the platinum wire surface in sulfuric acid solution using cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. The applicability of this coating was assessed employing a laboratory-made SPME device and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the extraction of some PAHs from the headspace of aqueous samples. Application of wider potential range in CV led to a PANI with more stability against the temperature. The homogeneity and the porous surface structure of the film were examined by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The study revealed that this polymer is a suitable SPME fiber coating for extracting the selected PAHs. Important parameters influencing the extraction process were optimized and an extraction time of 40 min at 40 degrees C gave maximum peak area, when the aqueous sample was added with NaCl (20%, w/v). The synthesis of the PANI can be carried out conveniently and in a reproducible manner while it is rather inexpensive and stable against most of organic solvents. The film thickness of PANI can be precisely controlled by the number of CV cycles. The resulting thickness was roughly 20 microm after 20 cycles. At the optimum conditions, the relative standard deviation (RSD) for a double distilled water spiked with selected PAHs at ppb level were 8.80-16.8% (n = 3) and detection limits for the studied compounds were between 0.1-6 pg mL(-1). The performance of PANI was, also, compared with a commercial solid coated-based SPME fiber, carbowax/divinylbenzene (CW/DVB), under similar experimental conditions. Descriptors Aniline Compounds/chemistry, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Osmolar Concentration, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/isolation & purification, Solid Phase Microextraction/instrumentation, Temperature, Water Pollutants, Chemical/isolation & purification Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Bagheri,H., Babanezhad,E., Es-haghi,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20070208 PMCID Editors
Etching enamel for orthodontics with an erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet laser system	2007	Dicle University, Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Campus, Diyarbakir, Turkey. basaran@dicle.edu.tr	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Angle Orthodontist Periodical, Abbrev. Angle Orthod. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 77 Issue 1 Start Page 117 Other Pages 123 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0370550; 0 (Phosphoric Acids); 0R0008Q3JB (Chromium); 77B218D3YE (Erbium); E4GA8884NN (phosphoric acid); 2005/12/01 [received]; 2006/01/01 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0003-3219; 0003-3219 Accession Number PMID: 17029548 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; D; IM DOI 10.2319/120605-426R.1 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17029548 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To test the shear bond strength, surface characteristics, and fracture mode of brackets that are bonded to enamel etched with an erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser operated at different power outputs: 0.5 W, 1 W, and 2 W. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human premolars that had been extracted for orthodontic purposes were used. Enamel was etched with an Er,Cr:YSGG laser system operated at one of three power outputs or with orthophosphoric acid. RESULTS: The shear bond strength associated with the 0.5-W laser irradiation was significantly less than the strengths obtained with the other irradiations. Both the 1-W and 2-W laser irradiations were capable of etching enamel in the same manner. This finding was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy examination. The evaluation of adhesive-remnant-index scores demonstrated no statistically significant difference in bond failure site among the groups, except for the 0.5-W laser-etched group. Generally, more adhesive was left on the enamel surface with laser irradiation than with acid etching. CONCLUSION: The mean shear bond strength and enamel surface etching obtained with an Er,Cr: YSGG laser (operated at 1 W or 2 W for 15 seconds) is comparable to that obtained with acid etching. Descriptors Analysis of Variance, Bicuspid, Chi-Square Distribution, Chromium, Dental Bonding, Dental Debonding, Dental Enamel, Dental Etching/methods, Dental Stress Analysis, Erbium, Humans, Lasers, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Phosphoric Acids, Shear Strength, Surface Properties Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Basaran,G., Ozer,T., Berk,N., Hamamci,O. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Misconceptions and misuse of International Agency for Research on Cancer 'classification of carcinogenic substances': The case of asbestos	2007	Dunnigan, J., Ste-Catherine-de-Hatley, Que., Canada	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Indoor and Built Environment Periodical, Abbrev. Indoor Built Environ. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 16 Issue 2 Start Page 94 Other Pages 98 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1420-326X; 1423-0070 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract In their work on human cancer, the International Agency for Research on Cancer have run a programme of 'monographs' that evaluate carcinogenic risk of chemicals to man. The data collected provide considerable information on the risk from substances identified as carcinogens. However, this is largely unused in the IARC classification scheme in spite of the use of the term 'risk' in the title and text of the monographs. Consequently, some governments and pressure groups use hazard identification to advance the cause for banning agents without conducting a risk assessment. Confusion and indiscriminate use of 'hazard' and 'risk' mean that the hazard data are commonly misrepresented as risk data. A common political response is to push regulatory action to extremes, citing the Precautionary Principle. Unfortunately, eliminating substances on the grounds of inherent hazard can deny major benefits to societies and undermine the sustainable developments. This is nowhere better illustrated than in the case of the minerals known collectively as asbestos. Evidence available clearly differentiates the hazards of chrysotile and amphibole asbestos, yet the current IARC classification does not make this distinction. This is in spite of the fact that amphibole asbestos produces orders of magnitude more diseases than chrysotile when used in the same way. The overwhelming weight of evidence available indicates that chrysotile can be used safely with low risk. Cement products such as water pipes and boards for housing provide are versatile products made at affordable cost for the developing countries which if not available would cost rather than save lives. Â© 2007 SAGE Publications. Descriptors asbestos, carcinogen, chrysotile, cancer risk, carcinogenicity, developing country, government regulation, politics, priority journal, review, risk assessment Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Bernstein,D., Gibbs,A., Pooley,F., Langer,A., Donaldson,K., Hoskins,J., Dunnigan,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Hookah hazards	2007		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Br Dent J Periodical, Abbrev. Br.Dent.J. Pub Date Free Form Volume 203 Issue 8 Start Page 441 Other Pages 441 Notes ID: 17965664 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors Smoking/adverse effects, Humans, Water Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-17965664 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Bhat,Meghashyam Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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