WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
Iron and copper release in drinking-water distribution systems	2007	Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Haidian, Beijing, China. byshi@rcees.ac.cn	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of environmental health Periodical, Abbrev. J.Environ.Health Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 70 Issue 2 Start Page 29 Other Pages 36, 44, 46 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0405525; 0 (Disinfectants); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 4R7X1O2820 (Chlorine); 789U1901C5 (Copper); E1UOL152H7 (Iron); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0022-0892; 0022-0892 Accession Number PMID: 17886579 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17886579 Abstract A large-scale pilot study was carried out to evaluate the impacts of changes in water source and treatment process on iron and copper release in water distribution systems. Finished surface waters, groundwaters, and desalinated waters were produced with seven different treatment systems and supplied to 18 pipe distribution systems (PDSs). The major water treatment processes included lime softening, ferric sulfate coagulation, reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, and integrated membrane systems. PDSs were constructed from PVC, lined cast iron, unlined cast iron, and galvanized pipes. Copper pipe loops were set up for corrosion monitoring. Results showed that surface water after ferric sulfate coagulation had low alkalinity and high sulfates, and consequently caused the highest iron release. Finished groundwater treated by conventional method produced the lowest iron release but the highest copper release. The iron release of desalinated water was relatively high because of the water's high chloride level and low alkalinity. Both iron and copper release behaviors were influenced by temperature. Descriptors Chlorine/chemistry, Copper/analysis/chemistry, Corrosion, Disinfectants/chemistry, Environmental Monitoring, Iron/analysis/chemistry, Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis/chemistry, Water Purification/methods, Water Supply/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Shi,B., Taylor,J. S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
In vitro biofilm characterization and activity of antifungal agents alone and in combination against sessile and planktonic clinical Candida albicans isolates	2007	Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease Periodical, Abbrev. Diagn.Microbiol.Infect.Dis. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 57 Issue 3 Start Page 277 Other Pages 281 Notes LR: 20141120; JID: 8305899; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Peptides, Cyclic); 0 (Pyrimidines); 0 (Triazoles); F0XDI6ZL63 (caspofungin); JFU09I87TR (Voriconazole); 2006/08/04 [received]; 2006/09/12 [revised]; 2006/09/15 [accepted]; 2006/12/01 Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0732-8893; 0732-8893 Accession Number PMID: 17141454 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI S0732-8893(06)00370-1 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17141454 Abstract Thirty clinical isolates of Candida albicans were collected from blood or other sterile site infections. Biofilm dry weight and metabolic activity were measured for each isolate. Planktonic and sessile antifungal susceptibilities of each isolate were determined for amphotericin B deoxycholate, caspofungin, and voriconazole. Sessile susceptibilities were determined for the combination of caspofungin/voriconazole. No significant differences in biofilm dry weight or metabolic activity were found between bloodstream and other invasive isolates. Planktonic MIC90 values and sessile MIC90 (SMIC90) values were 0.25 and 2, 0.06 and >256, and 0.5 and 2 microg/mL for amphotericin, voriconazole, and caspofungin, respectively. The SMIC90 of the combination of caspofungin/voriconazole against sessile isolates was 0.5/2 microg/mL. Therefore, the source of invasive C. albicans clinical isolates did not affect in vitro biofilm formation. Susceptibility to antifungal agents decreased when C. albicans was associated with biofilm, and the combination of caspofungin/voriconazole did not appear to provide enhanced activity compared with caspofungin alone. Descriptors Antifungal Agents/pharmacology, Biofilms/drug effects, Candida albicans/drug effects/physiology, Drug Therapy, Combination, Echinocandins, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods, Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacology, Pyrimidines/pharmacology, Triazoles/pharmacology, Voriconazole Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Shuford,J. A., Piper,K. E., Steckelberg,J. M., Patel,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20061201 PMCID Editors
Waterpipe smoking as a replacement for cigarette smoking	2007		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Pharmazeutische Zeitung Periodical, Abbrev. Pharm.Ztg. Pub Date Free Form 2007/08 Volume 152 Issue 34 Start Page 30 Other Pages Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0031-7136 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors nicotine, tobacco smoke, smoking, human, note, risk reduction, water pipe smoking, world health organization Links Book Title Wasserpfeife als einstieg fÃ¼rs rauchen Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Gender differences in smoking behavior among adolescents in Saudi Arabia	2007	Faculty of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, College of Applied Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 59048 Riyadh 11525, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Abdallaali63@hotmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Saudi medical journal Periodical, Abbrev. Saudi Med.J. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 28 Issue 7 Start Page 1102 Other Pages 1108 Notes LR: 20141120; JID: 7909441; ppublish Place of Publication Saudi Arabia ISSN/ISBN 0379-5284; 0379-5284 Accession Number PMID: 17603720 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM DOI 20060965' [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17603720 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To describe and assess gender differences in current cigarette smokers' according to certain variables including prevalence, access to tobacco, knowledge and attitude, environmental tobacco smoke, cessation of smoking, tobacco related advertisements, and education on tobacco in school among adolescents in grades 7-12 in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: A random sample of schools in Tabuk city was obtained using a 2-stage cluster, in April 2005. A total of 16 governmental schools were selected. Within the schools, 48 classes were selected, targeting grades was 7 to 12. An anonymous, self-administered questionnaire was used to select 1,505 participants, with 96% response rate. RESULTS: Out of 1,505 students, 22.3% (34% males, 11.1% females) were current cigarette smokers (students who had smoked on one or more days in the 30 days preceding the survey), and 5.8% (11.1% males, 0.7% females) were daily smokers. There were significant gender differences concerning source of cigarettes, usual place of smoke, intensity of smoking, knowledge on addiction of tobacco, exposure to education on tobacco, attitudes, and exposure to tobacco smoke in public places. While no significant gender differences were found with respect to age of initiation, knowledge of health hazards of tobacco, exposure to media, desire to quit, or exposure to tobacco smoke at home. CONCLUSION: For the suppression of the use of tobacco by adolescents in Saudi Arabia differential intervention strategies and policies in males and females are needed, such as reducing youth access to cigarettes-in addition to intensive school and community anti-tobacco programs. Descriptors Adolescent, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Psychology, Adolescent, Saudi Arabia, Sex Factors, Smoking, Smoking Cessation Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Abdalla,A. M., Al-Kaabba,A. F., Saeed,A. A., Abdulrahman,B. M., Raat,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity study of the flavonol glycosides from Bauhinia galpinii	2007	Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. marogba@oauife.edu.ng	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Natural product research Periodical, Abbrev. Nat.Prod.Res. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 21 Issue 7 Start Page 591 Other Pages 599 Notes LR: 20091119; JID: 101167924; 0 (Antioxidants); 0 (Biphenyl Compounds); 0 (Flavonols); 0 (Formazans); 0 (Glycosides); 0 (Hydrazines); 0 (Picrates); 0 (Tetrazolium Salts); 1898-66-4 (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl); 23305-68-2 (MTT formazan); ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1478-6419; 1478-6419 Accession Number PMID: 17613816 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 779728379 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17613816 Abstract The antioxidant activity of the crude extract and solvent fractions obtained from the leaves of Bauhinia galpinii was evaluated in terms of capacity to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals. The crude extract and the more polar solvent fractions (ethyl acetate and butanol) showed considerable antioxidant activity. The antioxidant potential of the extracts, expressed as EC50, ranged between 28.85 +/- 1.28 microg mL(-1)and 118.16 +/- 6.41 microg mL(-1). L-Ascorbic acid was used as a standard (EC50 = 19.79 +/- 0.14 microM). Bioassay guided fractionation of the two active solvent fractions led to the isolation of three flavonoid glycosides, identified as: quercetin-3-O-galactopyranoside (1), myricetin-3-O-galactopyranoside (2), and 2''-O-rhamnosylvitexin (3). These compounds are reported for the first time from this species. The structures of the compounds were determined on the basis of spectral studies (1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS). Their antioxidant potential was evaluated using a DPPH spectrophotometric assay. Compound 2 had higher and 3 had lower antioxidant activity than L-ascorbic acid. No cytotoxic effects were displayed by compounds 1 and 3, but compound 2 was cytotoxic to Vero cells (LC50 = 74.68 microg mL(-1)) and bovine dermis cells (LC50 = 30.69 microg mL(-1)). Descriptors Animals, Antioxidants/chemistry/isolation & purification/pharmacology, Bauhinia/chemistry, Biphenyl Compounds/chemistry, Cattle, Cell Survival/drug effects, Cercopithecus aethiops, Flavonols/chemistry/isolation & purification/pharmacology, Formazans/metabolism, Glycosides/chemistry/isolation & purification/pharmacology, Hydrazines/chemistry, Mass Spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular, Picrates, Plant Leaves/chemistry, Plants, Medicinal/chemistry, Skin/cytology/drug effects, South Africa, Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet, Tetrazolium Salts/metabolism, Vero Cells Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Aderogba,M. A., McGaw,L. J., Ogundaini,A. O., Eloff,J. N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Risk factors associated with Intrauterine Growth Retardation (IUGR) in Bandar Abbas	2007	Aghamolaei, T., Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbad, Iran	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of Medical Sciences Periodical, Abbrev. J.Med.Sci.(Pakistan) Pub Date Free Form 2007/05 Volume 7 Issue 4 Start Page 665 Other Pages 669 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1682-4474; 1812-5727 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Children who are born with Intrauterine Growth Retardation (IUGR) have higher rates of seizures, sepsis, respiratory failure and neonatal mortality. The aim of this study was to determine risk factors associated with IUGR. This was a case-control study that carried out in Shariati Hospital of Bandar Abbas. Sixty IUGR and 60 normal birth weight infants were selected in the delivery room. The first normal birth weight baby born, after an IUGR baby, was taken as a control. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data, maternal data including past obstetric history, current pregnancy and delivery data, as well as data about the newborns. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 13 software. Risk factors associated with IUGR in this study were maternal work (OR = 10.2, CI 95% = 1.2-87.3), to have hypertension (OR = 7.4, CI 95% = 1.5-36.9), to use hookah during pregnancy (OR 3.5, CI 95% = 1.1-12.6) and not to use antenatal care (OR = 3.9, CI 95% = 1.2-13.7). Screening women for known risk factors of IUGR, counseling, health education about risks of IUGR and the ways of prevention is necessary to reduce the rate of it. Descriptors anamnesis, article, controlled study, delivery, demography, employment status, female, health education, hospital based case control study, human, infant, intrauterine growth retardation, major clinical study, male, maternal hypertension, obstetrics, patient counseling, pregnancy, prenatal care, risk assessment, risk reduction, screening test, socioeconomics, structured questionnaire Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Aghamolaei,T., Eftekhar,H., Zare,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Histopathologic changes in oral mucosa of Yemenis addicted to water-pipe and cigarette smoking in addition to takhzeen al-qat	2007	Ali, A.A., Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences. Unit of Oral Pathology and Medicine, King Faisal University College of Dentistry, Dammam, Saudi Arabia	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics Periodical, Abbrev. Oral Surg.Oral Med.Oral Pathol.Oral Radiol.Endod. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 103 Issue 3 Start Page e55; e59 Other Pages e55; e59 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1079-2104 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Background: Because the clinicopathologic effects of takhzeen al-qat are similar to those induced by smoking, the aim of this paper was to study the oral effect of 3 bad oral habits: takhzeen al-qat and cigarette and water-pipe smoking. Study design: This study was done on 33 Yemeni chronic qat users grouped as heavy cigarette smokers (GI), nonsmokers (GII) and water-pipe smokers (GIII). In all cases (n = 33) 2 biopsies were taken (n = 66), one from the buccal mucosa at the chewing side and the other from a similar mucosa at the contralateral (nonexposed) side. Biopsies were prepared for routine H&E staining. Results: Acanthosis appeared in 88% and 0%, abnormal rete ridges in 70% and 3%, hyperparakeratosis in 67% and 0%, and epithelial dysplasia in 30% and 0% of the chewing and nonchewing sides, respectively, in the 3 groups. Epithelial dysplasia appeared in 41% of GI and GIII (smokers) but in only 9% of GII (nonsmokers). Conclusions: Takhzeen al-qat causes distinct histopathologic changes in the oral mucosa at the side of chewing, such as acanthosis, abnormal rete ridges, and hyperparakeratosis. The association between takhzeen al-qat and cigarette or water-pipe smoking may increase the risk of epithelial dysplasia. Â© 2007 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Descriptors adult, article, Catha edulis, female, human, male, melanosis, middle aged, mouth disease, mouth mucosa, parakeratosis, pathology, risk, risk factor, smoking, Yemen Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Ali,A. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Role of members of university students' unions in tobacco prevention	2007		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full J Prev Med Hyg Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 48 Issue 4 Start Page 136 Other Pages 40 Notes ID: 18557308 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract INTRODUCTION: In Egypt, each faculty has it own students' union, which represents the students and collaborates in organizing all educational, sporting and social activities. The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the knowledge of members of students' unions about cigarette and Shisha smoking together with assessing their attitudes towards smoking in public places in general and in the university. METHODOLOGY: A random sample of members of Ain Shams University Students' Unions was subjected to an interview questionnaire. All participants were individually interviewed face-to-face by a trained interviewer from March 1, 2005 to April 30, 2005. RESULTS: Our study showed that 34 (31.5%) students were smokers. The mean knowledge score percentage was 79.4 +/- 20.7. Regarding knowledge about Shisha smoking hazards, the majority of the students (84.3%) knew that Shisha smoking is hazardous. The mean attitude score percentage was 56.8 +/- 22.2. Smokers had less mean knowledge as regard smoking hazards compared to non-smokers (p < 0.01). Also, smokers had a lower mean attitude compared to non-smokers (p < 0.001). More than one-third (38.9%) of the interviewed students didn't know if the students' union has a policy for prevention of smoking or not. CONCLUSION: Our findings point that although our students had a moderately high mean knowledge score yet this didn't increase their attitude about the smoking problem in the university and in the community. This supports the notion that, in addition to knowledge about smoking hazards, efforts are needed to change beliefs that allow this offensive habit to continue. Descriptors Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Health Promotion, Smoking/prevention & control, Social Marketing, Students, Universities, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Egypt, Humans, Male, Organizational Policy, Spain, Questionnaires Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-18557308 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Allam,M. F., Abd Elaziz,K.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Microbial population present in fermented beverage 'cauim' produced by Brazilian Amerindians	2007	Biology Department, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of food microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Food Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form 30-Nov Volume 120 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 146 Other Pages 151 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 8412849; 3K9958V90M (Ethanol); 2006/08/24 [received]; 2007/06/04 [revised]; 2007/06/12 [accepted]; 2007/08/23 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0168-1605; 0168-1605 Accession Number PMID: 17888538 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI S0168-1605(07)00455-2 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17888538 Abstract The Tapirape Amerindians of the Tapi'itawa tribe produce several fermented foods and beverages among them the beverage called 'cauim'. This beverage is the main staple food for infants until two years old and their parents. For producing the beverage, several substrates are used, such as: cassava, rice, corn, maize and peanuts. The fermentation using mainly cassava was accomplished and samples were collected for chemical and microbiological analysis. A progressive acidification during the fermentation was observed and pH value decreased from 5.5 to 3.4. Lactic acid was the most important fermentation metabolite found but significant amounts of ethanol and acetic acid were also observed. The microbial load was high at the beginning of the fermentation, bacterial population was about 6.8 log cfu/ml and yeast population was 3.7 log cfu/ml. A total of 355 bacteria were isolated and identified. All the isolates were grouped into Gram-negative (3.5%), Gram-positive non-sporulating (78%) and Gram-positive sporulating bacteria (18.5%). Lactic acid bacteria increased from the beginning of fermentation and became the dominant microorganism throughout the fermentation. Species of bacteria were varied and they were found to be Lactobacillus pentosus, L. plantarum, Corynebacterium xerosis, C. amylocolatum, C. vitarumen, Bacillus cereus, B. licheniformis, B. pumilus, B. circulans and Paenibacillus macerans. The species L. pentosus and L. plantarum were the dominant bacteria and were present in all the periods of evaluation of the samples. Descriptors Beverages/microbiology, Brazil, Colony Count, Microbial, Edible Grain/microbiology, Ethanol/analysis, Fermentation, Food Handling/methods, Food Microbiology, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Lactobacillus/growth & development/isolation & purification, Manihot/microbiology, Time Factors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Almeida,E. G., Rachid,C. C., Schwan,R. F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20070823 PMCID Editors
Environmental and economic evaluation of the Massachusetts Smoke-Free Workplace Law	2007	Harvard School of Public Health, Division of Public Health Practice, Tobacco Research Program, 401 Park Drive, Landmark Building, Floor 3E, Boston, MA 02215, USA. halpert@hsph.harvard.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of community health Periodical, Abbrev. J.Community Health Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 32 Issue 4 Start Page 269 Other Pages 281 Notes JID: 7600747; 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0094-5145; 0094-5145 Accession Number PMID: 17696050 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17696050 Abstract An environmental and economic evaluation of the smoke-free law in Massachusetts provides a broad appreciation of how a state-wide smoking ban affects the health of patrons and workers as well as the industries that are commonly concerned about the effects of smoking bans on business. The aim of this study is to evaluate environmental and economic effects of the statewide Massachusetts statewide Smoke-Free Workplace Law. Before and after the smoking ban, air quality testing was conducted in a sample (n = 27) of hospitality venues and state-wide economic changes were assessed. Compliance, in terms of patronage was measured by person-counts. Environmental outcomes were respirable suspended particles (RSP) less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5). Economic outcomes were meals tax collections, employment in the food services and drinking places and accommodations industries. On average, levels of respirable suspended particles (RSPs) less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) decreased 93% in these venues after the Massachusetts Smoke-free Workplace Law went into effect. No statistically significant changes were observed among the economic indicators. This evaluation demonstrates that the state-wide Massachusetts law has effectively improved indoor air quality in a sample of Massachusetts venues and has not negatively affected several economic indicators. Descriptors Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Environmental Monitoring, Humans, Massachusetts, Occupational Exposure/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control, Particulate Matter/analysis, Public Facilities/legislation & jurisprudence, Restaurants/economics/legislation & jurisprudence, Smoking/economics/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control, Taxes, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/economics/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control, Workplace/legislation & jurisprudence Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Alpert,H. R., Carpenter,C. M., Travers,M. J., Connolly,G. N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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