WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
Main microorganisms involved in the fermentation of Ugandan ghee	2009	Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. marongol@hotmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of food microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Food Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form 15-Aug Volume 133 Issue 3 Start Page 286 Other Pages 291 Notes JID: 8412849; 0 (DNA, Bacterial); 0 (DNA, Fungal); 0 (Dietary Fats); 8029-34-3 (Butter); 2009/02/09 [received]; 2009/06/06 [revised]; 2009/06/08 [accepted]; 2009/06/17 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1879-3460; 0168-1605 Accession Number PMID: 19577815 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.06.003 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19577815 Abstract Ghee is widely produced from a traditional fermented butter-like product named mashita in western Uganda. However, no detailed studies have been done to identify the microorganisms involved in mashita fermentation. The aim of this study was to identify the microorganisms present at the end of mashita ripening using culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques. The most commonly identified species of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in mashita using culture-dependent techniques were Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus perolens constituting 37.3%, 10.1%, 8.1% and 7.7% of total bacterial colonies isolated respectively. L. paracasei was the only bacterial species identified in all mashita samples by culture-dependent technique. Two of the four most commonly isolated LAB species (L. helveticus and L. plantarum) were also identified in mashita by a culture-independent method (PCR-DGGE). Other main LAB species identified in mashita by PCR-DGGE were Bifidobacterium sp., Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus acetotolerans, Lactobacillus sp., Lactococcus raffinolactis, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and Streptococcus salivarius. The main species of acetic acid bacteria (AAB) identified in the mashita using PCR-DGGE method were Acetobacter aceti, Acetobacter lovaniensis, Acetobacter orientalis and Acetobacter pasteurianus. PCR-DGGE identification of yeasts showed that Brettanomyces custersianus, Candida silvae, Geotrichum sp., Issatchenkia occidentalis, Issatchenkia orientalis, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Trichosporon asahii were main yeast species in mashita. A. lovaniensis, A. aceti, and I. orientalis were identified in all the six mashita samples analyzed using PCR-DGGE method. Other microbial species were only found in some samples. These results indicate that LAB and yeasts, as in similar fermentation products, but also AAB are main microbial groups involved in mashita fermentation. Descriptors Bacteria/genetics/isolation & purification, Bacteriological Techniques/methods, Butter/microbiology, DNA, Bacterial, DNA, Fungal, Dietary Fats, Fermentation, Food Microbiology, Lactobacillus/genetics/isolation & purification, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Uganda, Yeasts/genetics/isolation & purification Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ongol,M. P., Asano,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090617 PMCID Editors
The opinions of employees about smoking in the workplace	2009	Katedra Zdrowia Publicznego, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow. filip.osuchowski@wp.pl	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Przeglad lekarski Periodical, Abbrev. Przegl.Lek. Pub Date Free Form Volume 66 Issue 10 Start Page 801 Other Pages 804 Notes JID: 19840720R; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish Place of Publication Poland ISSN/ISBN 0033-2240; 0033-2240 Accession Number PMID: 20301940 Language pol SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20301940 Abstract Smoking is now a serious social problem in Poland and abroad. Unfortunately, adverse effects also affect the businesses in which the crews smoke tobacco. For several years a wide-ranging measures aimed at reducing the population of smoking employees can be observed, unfortunately their results are significantly below expectations. What must be noted is that the effectiveness of these projects to a large extent is determined by the opinion of the smoking part of the crew about the problem of smoking in the workplace. The aim of this work was to analyze the opinions of employees about smoking in the workplace. The selection of study group was expedient. The people tested were permanent employees of a large plant in Rzeszow. The research materials were the answers to the questions given to an anonymous survey. The survey contained 21 questions about their opinions to smokers and 17 questions about their opinions to non-smokers. The perception of risks arising from the smoking of tobacco by smokers and non-smokers was asked for, and their expectations towards the company. They were asked also the willingness to join special programs helping in quitting the addiction of smoking. The individuals who smoke at least one cigarette a day were recognized as daily smokers of tobacco (as defined by WHO). Those who used to smoke every day in the past or occasionally were considered as ex-smokers. (less than one cigarette per day). 4200 surveys were distributed in the plant. The filled - in forms with replies were received from 1412 workers, representing 33.6% of questionnaires distributed. All the surveys were put in order and checked on its merits. 1291 were classified as correct, what represented 30.7% of questionnaires distributed. The latest version of the program Statistica 8.0 was used for the statistical calculations. Test results show that 14.9% of employees smoke tobacco, and every third smoker is worried about the consequences of smoking. As far as opinions on the presence of smoking in the workplace are concerned, most workers believe (94.3%) that the employer should do everything to protect the non-smokers from having to inhale tobacco smoke. Only one in ten believes (11.4%) that talking about the harmfulness of smoking is the attack on the freedom of smokers, and argues that there is a lot of exaggeration in speaking about the harmfulness of smoking. As for the negative effects of smoking the most frequently mentioned are health consequences (36.6%). In a population of smokers 17.9% want to quit smoking very much and one in ten do not consider such possibility. What is comforting, however, is that 48.9% of respondents expressed opinions about joining the pro-health program which goal is to help in quitting smoking. The study shows that the vast majority of staff believes that the employer should protect the non-smokers from inhaling tobacco smoke and help the smoking employees in quitting smoking. More than half of all workers considered that the employer should help the employees to quit smoking addiction. Smokers worry about the health consequences resulting from tobacco smoking. Almost half of respondents expressed their willingness to join a program helping in releasing from the addiction of smoking, but a large group of smokers has not shown such an interest. Age and level of education do not affect the motivation to release from the addiction of smoking among smoking employees. Descriptors Adult, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Occupational Exposure/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data, Poland/epidemiology, Population Surveillance, Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology/prevention & control, Workplace/statistics & numerical data Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Osuchowski,F., Penar-Zadarko,B., Bukala-Siedlecka,I., Binkowska-Bury,M. Original/Translated Title Opinie pracownikow na temat palenia tytoniu w miejscu pracy URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Application of chemometric assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction to the determination of personal care products in natural waters	2009	Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Analytica Chimica Acta Periodical, Abbrev. Anal.Chim.Acta Pub Date Free Form 7-Sep Volume 649 Issue 2 Start Page 135 Other Pages 140 Notes LR: 20121115; JID: 0370534; 0 (Phthalic Acids); 0 (Polycyclic Compounds); 0 (Solvents); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 6O7F7IX66E (phthalic acid); 2009/05/28 [received]; 2009/07/07 [revised]; 2009/07/09 [accepted]; 2009/07/14 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-4324; 0003-2670 Accession Number PMID: 19699389 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.aca.2009.07.028 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19699389 Abstract A rapid and simple method for the determination of two phthalates and five polycyclic musks in water samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) mated to chemometrics and coupled to GC-MS was developed. Volume of extraction (CCl4) and disperser solvent (MeOH), pH, ionic strength, extraction time, centrifugation time as well as centrifugation speed were optimized in a 2(7-4) Plackett-Burman design. The obtained significant factors were optimized by using a central composite design (CCD) and the quadratic model between the dependent and the independent variables was built. The optimum experimental conditions of the proposed method were: 250 microL carbon tetrachloride, 0.62 mL methanol, 7.5 min centrifugation time, natural pH containing 0% (w/v) NaCl, while keeping centrifugation speed fixed at 4000 rpm. The calculated calibration curves gave high-level linearity for all target analytes with correlation coefficients ranging between 0.9970 and 0.9992. The repeatability and reproducibility of the proposed method, expressed as relative standard deviation, varied between 2.6% to 9.7% and 5.7% to 12.2%, respectively. The obtained LOD values were in the range of 8-63 ng L(-1). Descriptors Fresh Water/analysis, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Osmolar Concentration, Phthalic Acids/analysis/isolation & purification, Polycyclic Compounds/analysis/isolation & purification, Solvents/chemistry, Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis/isolation & purification Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Panagiotou,A. N., Sakkas,V. A., Albanis,T. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090714 PMCID Editors
Candida spp. in vitro susceptibility profile to four antifungal agents. Resistance surveillance study in Venezuelan strains	2009	Mycology Department, National Institute of Hygiene Rafael Rangel, Caracas, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. mmpanizo@gmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Medical mycology Periodical, Abbrev. Med.Mycol. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 47 Issue 2 Start Page 137 Other Pages 143 Notes LR: 20141120; JID: 9815835; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Azoles); 0 (Pyrimidines); 0 (Triazoles); 304NUG5GF4 (Itraconazole); 7XU7A7DROE (Amphotericin B); 8VZV102JFY (Fluconazole); JFU09I87TR (Voriconazole); 2008/06/27 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1369-3786; 1369-3786 Accession Number PMID: 18651308 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1080/13693780802144339 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18651308 Abstract The aim of this study was to determine in vitro susceptibility profiles of Venezuelan strains of Candida spp. to four antifungal agents. One hundred and forty five (145) isolates were recovered during a 1-year period (June 2006 to June 2007) from clinical specimens of patients with severe Candida spp. infections in 15 hospitals. In vitro susceptibilities to amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole were determined by modified Etest. Non Candida albicans Candida spp. were the most frequently isolated yeasts (72.4%) in comparison with C. albicans (27.6%). Candida spp. strains showed MIC ranges between <0.002 and 0.5 mug/ml to amphotericin B. While none were found to be resistant to voriconazole, 5.5% and 27.6% of the test strains were resistant to fluconazole and itraconazole, respectively. C. albicans remains the most susceptible of the yeasts studied to fluconazole and itraconazole (P<0.05) when compared with non C. albicans Candida spp. C. krusei showed the greater cross-resistance to azoles, followed by C. glabrata, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis, while C. albicans isolates did not demonstrate this characteristic. It is very important to carry out the correct species identification of clinical yeast isolates because they show up variations in both distribution and susceptibility profiles according to the hospital, patient's underlying disease, clinical specimen analyzed, and the geographical region in which the studies were conducted. The Mycology Department of the INHRR is the national reference center responsible for antifungal resistance surveillance, performing the susceptibility tests with isolates recovered from hospitalized patients in public health centres which do not have mycological diagnosis laboratories. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Amphotericin B/pharmacology, Antifungal Agents/pharmacology, Azoles/pharmacology, Candida/classification/drug effects/isolation & purification, Candida albicans/drug effects/isolation & purification, Candidiasis/epidemiology/microbiology, Child, Child, Preschool, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Female, Fluconazole/pharmacology, Humans, Infant, Itraconazole/pharmacology, Male, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Middle Aged, Population Surveillance/methods, Pyrimidines/pharmacology, Triazoles/pharmacology, Venezuela/epidemiology, Voriconazole, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Panizo,M. M., Reviakina,V., Dolande,M., Selgrad,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080627 PMCID Editors
Consumer awareness and attitudes related to new potential reduced-exposure tobacco product brands	2009	Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Tobacco Control Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, 6130 Executive Boulevard, Room 4039, Bethesda, MD 20892-7337, USA. paramark@mail.nih.gov	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 11 Issue 7 Start Page 886 Other Pages 895 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9815751; OID: NLM: PMC2722238; 2009/06/18 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 19541949 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntp082 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19541949 Abstract INTRODUCTION: In recent years, there has been a proliferation of potential reduced-exposure tobacco products (PREPs) marketed that claim to be less harmful or less addictive, compared with conventional cigarettes. Tobacco control scientists have raised concerns about the potential adverse impact of marketing of these products for smoking prevention and cessation efforts. Although these products have not been widely used among smokers, there are few data available on consumers' awareness and attitudes toward these products. METHODS: Data were obtained from the 2003 and 2005 Health Information National Trends Survey, a nationally representative telephone survey of adults 18 years and older regarding health communication and associated beliefs and behaviors. Our study population consisted of 6,369 respondents in 2003 and 5,586 respondents in 2005, of whom 19% were current smokers and 28% were former smokers. RESULTS: In 2005, 45% of respondents had heard of at least one PREP product, while only 4.8% had actually tried one. Awareness and use were substantially higher among current smokers (55.6% and 12.7%). Awareness was highest for Marlboro Ultra Smooth (MUS) (30.2%), Eclipse (18.2%), Quest (7.8%), and Ariva (5.4%), while less than 2% for any other product. Of respondents who had tried a PREP, 50% cited harm reduction or assistance in quitting as a reason for trying the product and 30% believed that the product was less harmful than their usual brand. In the combined 2003 and 2005 dataset, 54.4% of current smokers stated that they would be "very" or "somewhat" interested in trying a cigarette advertised as less harmful, while only 3.2% of former smokers and 1.1% of never-smokers were interested. Among current smokers, interest was higher in females and non-Hispanic Whites, and among daily smokers, those who smoked 20 or more cigarettes per day and those who were not considering quitting. Smokers interested in PREPs were substantially more likely to rate their perceived lung cancer risk as high (40.3% vs. 8.3%) and to worry frequently about developing lung cancer (19.7% vs. 4%). DISCUSSION: These results suggest that there is a substantial level of interest among current smokers in cigarettes marketed with claims of reduced exposure or harm. Of particular concern is that "health conscious" smokers and heavy smokers not planning to quit may be especially vulnerable to PREP marketing messages and view such products as an alternative to smoking cessation. Descriptors Adult, Advertising as Topic/statistics & numerical data, Aged, Consumer Behavior/statistics & numerical data, Ethnic Groups/statistics & numerical data, Female, Health Education/organization & administration, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Distribution, Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation/methods/statistics & numerical data, Socioeconomic Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology/prevention & control, United States/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Parascandola,M., Augustson,E., O'Connell,M. E., Marcus,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090618 PMCID PMC2722238 Editors
Interventions for preventing weight gain after smoking cessation	2009	Department of Primary Care & General Practice, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK, B15 2TT. a.c.parsons@bham.ac.uk	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 21-Jan Volume (1):CD006219. doi Issue 1 Start Page CD006219 Other Pages Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 100909747; 0 (Antidepressive Agents); 0 (Benzazepines); 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); 0 (Piperidines); 0 (Pyrazoles); 0 (Quinoxalines); 158681-13-1 (rimonabant); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); W6HS99O8ZO (Varenicline); UIN: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 19160269 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD006219.pub2 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19160269 Abstract BACKGROUND: Most people who stop smoking gain weight, on average about 7 kg in the long term. There are some interventions that have been specifically designed to tackle smoking cessation whilst also limiting weight gain. Many smoking cessation pharmacotherapies and other interventions may also limit weight gain. OBJECTIVES: This review is divided into two parts. (1) Interventions designed specifically to aid smoking cessation and limit post-cessation weight gain (2) Interventions designed to aid smoking cessation that may also plausibly have an effect on weight SEARCH STRATEGY: Part 1: We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group's Specialized Register which includes trials indexed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, SciSearch and PsycINFO, and other reviews and conference abstracts. Part 2: We searched the included studies of Cochrane smoking cessation reviews of nicotine replacement therapy, antidepressants, nicotine receptor partial agonists, cannabinoid type 1 receptor antagonists (rimonabant), and exercise interventions, published in Issue 4, 2008 of The Cochrane Library. SELECTION CRITERIA: Part 1: We included trials of interventions designed specifically to address both smoking cessation and post-cessation weight gain that had measured weight at any follow-up point and/or smoking six months or more after quitting.Part 2: We included trials from the selected Cochrane reviews that could plausibly modify post-cessation weight gain if they had reported weight gain by trial arm at end of treatment or later. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data in duplicate on smoking and weight for part 1 trials, and on weight only for part 2. Abstinence from smoking is expressed as a risk ratio (RR), using the most rigorous definition of abstinence available in each trial, and biochemically validated rates if available. The outcome is expressed as the difference in weight change between trial arms from baseline. Where appropriate, we performed meta-analysis using the Mantel-Haenszel method for smoking and inverse variance for weight using a fixed-effect model. MAIN RESULTS: We found evidence that pharmacological interventions aimed at reducing post-cessation weight gain resulted in a significant reduction in weight gain at the end of treatment (dexfenfluramine (-2.50kg [-2.98kg to -2.02kg], fluoxetine (-0.80kg [-1.27kg to -0.33kg], phenylpropanolamine (PPA) (-0.50kg [-0.80kg to -0.20kg], naltrexone (-0.76kg [-1.51kg to -0.01kg])). No evidence of maintenance of the treatment effect was found at six or 12 months.Among the behavioural interventions, only weight control advice was associated with no reduction in weight gain and with a possible reduction in abstinence. Individualized programmes were associated with reduced weight gain at end of treatment and at 12 months (-2.58kg [-5.11kg to -0.05kg]), and with no effect on abstinence (RR 0.74 [0.39 to 1.43]). Very low calorie diets (-1.30kg (-3.49kg to 0.89kg] at 12 months) and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) (-5.20kg (-9.28kg to -1.12kg] at 12 months) were both associated with improved abstinence and reduced weight gain at end of treatment and at long-term follow up.Both bupropion (300mg/day) and fluoxetine (30mg and 60mg/day combined) were found to limit post-cessation weight gain at the end of treatment (-0.76kg [-1.17kg to -0.35kg] I(2)=48%) and -1.30kg [-1.91kg to -0.69kg]) respectively. There was no evidence that the weight reducing effect of bupropion was dose-dependent. The effect of bupropion at one year was smaller and confidence intervals included no effect (-0.38kg [-2.001kg to 1.24kg]).We found no evidence that exercise interventions significantly reduced post-cessation weight gain at end of treatment but evidence for an effect at 12 months (-2.07kg [-3.78kg, -0.36kg]).Treatment with NRT resulted in attenuation of post-cessation weight gain (-0.45kg [-0.70kg, -0.20kg]) at the end of treatment, with no evidence that the effect differed for different forms of NRT. The estimat Descriptors Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use, Benzazepines/administration & dosage, Exercise, Female, Humans, Male, Nicotine/administration & dosage, Nicotinic Agonists/administration & dosage, Piperidines/administration & dosage, Pyrazoles/administration & dosage, Quinoxalines/administration & dosage, Smoking Cessation/methods, Varenicline, Weight Gain/drug effects Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Parsons,A. C., Shraim,M., Inglis,J., Aveyard,P., Hajek,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090121 PMCID Editors
Development of an ionic liquid based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples	2009	Dpto. Quimica Analitica, Nutricion y Bromatologia, Instituto de Investigacion y Analisis Alimentario, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatography.A Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.A Pub Date Free Form 4-Sep Volume 1216 Issue 36 Start Page 6356 Other Pages 6364 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 9318488; 0 (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate); 0 (1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate); 0 (Imidazoles); 0 (Ionic Liquids); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Solvents); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 0 Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-3778; 0021-9673 Accession Number PMID: 19646707 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.07.032 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19646707 Abstract A simple, rapid and efficient method, ionic liquid based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (IL-DLLME), has been developed for the first time for the determination of 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water samples. The chemical affinity between the ionic liquid (1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate) and the analytes permits the extraction of the PAHs from the sample matrix also allowing their preconcentration. Thus, this technique combines extraction and concentration of the analytes into one step and avoids using toxic chlorinated solvents. The factors affecting the extraction efficiency, such as the type and volume of ionic liquid, type and volume of disperser solvent, extraction time, dispersion stage, centrifuging time and ionic strength, were optimised. Analysis of extracts was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with fluorescence detection (Flu). The optimised method exhibited a good precision level with relative standard deviation values between 1.2% and 5.7%. Quantification limits obtained for all of these considered compounds (between 0.1 and 7 ng L(-1)) were well below the limits recommended in the EU. The extraction yields for the different compounds obtained by IL-DLLME, ranged from 90.3% to 103.8%. Furthermore, high enrichment factors (301-346) were also achieved. The extraction efficiency of the optimised method is compared with that achieved by liquid-liquid extraction. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of PAHs in real water samples (tap, bottled, fountain, well, river, rainwater, treated and raw wastewater). Descriptors Analytic Sample Preparation Methods, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Imidazoles, Ionic Liquids, Microchemistry/methods, Osmolar Concentration, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis, Rain/chemistry, Reproducibility of Results, Rivers/chemistry, Solvents, Time Factors, Water/chemistry, Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Pena,M. T., Casais,M. C., Mejuto,M. C., Cela,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090721 PMCID Editors
Prevalence of erosive esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus in the adult Chinese population	2009	Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Endoscopy Periodical, Abbrev. Endoscopy Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 41 Issue 12 Start Page 1011 Other Pages 1017 Notes CI: Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart New York.; JID: 0215166; 2009/12/04 [epublish]; ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1438-8812; 0013-726X Accession Number PMID: 19967617 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1055/s-0029-1215291 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19967617 Abstract BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors of erosive esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus in an adult Chinese population without gastroesophageal reflux symptoms. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between March 2006 and February 2007, consecutive individuals aged between 18 and 75 years, who underwent routine upper endoscopy as part of their regular medical examination were recruited. Demographic and medical information were collected. Erosive esophagitis was defined endoscopically as visible breaks of the distal esophageal mucosa. Barrett's esophagus was diagnosed endoscopically and confirmed histologically. "Silent GERD" was defined when erosive esophagitis and/or Barrett's esophagus were present in an individual without reflux symptoms. RESULTS: Among the 2580 individuals included, erosive esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus were found in 4.3 % (n = 110) and 1.0 % (n = 27), respectively. In individuals with erosive esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus, 33.6 % and 40.7 %, respectively, were asymptomatic. Thus, the prevalence of erosive esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus in individuals without GERS was 1.6 % and 0.5 %, respectively, giving an overall prevalence of silent GERD of 2.0 % (46 / 2270). Multivariate analysis identified that male sex (odds ratio [OR] = 2.87, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.24 - 6.66; P = 0.014), hiatus hernia (OR = 9.68, 95 %CI 5.00 - 17.95; P < 0.001), and alcohol consumption (OR = 3.17, 95 %CI 1.44 - 6.97; P = 0.004) were positively associated with erosive esophagitis, whereas Helicobacter Pylori infection (OR = 0.37, 95 %CI 0.14 - 0.98; P = 0.046) was negatively associated with erosive esophagitis. Alcohol consumption (OR = 5.32, 95 %CI 1.55 - 13.33; P = 0.008) was positively associated with Barrett's esophagus in asymptomatic individuals. CONCLUSION: In this cohort of the adult Chinese population without reflux symptoms, the prevalence of erosive esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus is 1.6 % and 0.5 %, respectively, with an overall prevalence of silent GERD of 2.0 %. Male sex, hiatus hernia, and alcohol consumption are positively associated with erosive esophagitis, whereas a negative association exists for H. pylori infection. Alcohol consumption is positively associated with Barrett's esophagus. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Barrett Esophagus/diagnosis/epidemiology, China/epidemiology, Esophagitis/diagnosis/epidemiology/pathology, Esophagoscopy, Female, Gastroesophageal Reflux/diagnosis, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Peng,S., Cui,Y., Xiao,Y. L., Xiong,L. S., Hu,P. J., Li,C. J., Chen,M. H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20091204 PMCID Editors
Temporal distribution, behaviour and reactivities of BTEX compounds in a suburban Atlantic area during a year	2009	Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of A Coruna, Campus da Zapateira s/n, E-15071 A Coruna, Spain.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM Periodical, Abbrev. J.Environ.Monit. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 11 Issue 6 Start Page 1216 Other Pages 1225 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 100968688; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 0 (Vehicle Emissions); 0 (Xylenes); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); J64922108F (Benzene); L5I45M5G0O (ethylbenzene); 2009/04/02 [aheadofprint]; 2009/06/01 [epublish]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1464-0333; 1464-0325 Accession Number PMID: 19513453 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1039/b819370c [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19513453 Abstract The temporal distribution of BTEX compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene isomers) in ambient air was studied in a suburban Atlantic area in the northwest of Spain. These compounds mean serious risks for public and occupational health and for biological and physical environments. A total of 1200 samples were analysed during a year, and in most of the samples toluene was the most abundant VOC followed by benzene or m+p-xylene. The average concentrations were 1.62, 2.15, 0.60, 0.94 and 0.47 microg m(-3) for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m+p-xylenes and o-xylene respectively, although they reached values as high as 50.53, 28.57, 21.33, 46.13 and 22.74 microg m(-3) for the compounds in the same order. An exhaustive study was carried out to establish how both emission sources and the climatic conditions affected the BTEX levels measured in the outskirts of a small city. Wind directions and speeds, daily and seasonal BTEX profiles, ratios among the concentrations measured in the sampling site, in the city centre and in the fuels commonly used by the cars in the city were studied. The pollution roses revealed the presence of diffuse BTEX sources affecting the sampling point, although all the compounds reached their highest levels when the wind blew from an industrial area in the SW of the city. The daily BTEX profiles were well-correlated with the traffic pattern in the accesses to the city and the seasonal profile showed that the highest concentrations were reported in summertime. The ratios T/B, m+p-X/B and o-X/B were 1.32, 0.58 and 0.29 respectively; these values were lower than the ones reported in previous studies carried out in the centre of the same city. This could be caused by the major distance from the sampling point to the city centre and by the changes in the fuels and in the kind of vehicles used in the city. The correlation coefficients among the TEX fraction were always higher than 0.72 but benzene only showed a good correlation with these compounds in winter. The correlations between BTEX concentrations and their contributions to the photochemistry in the sampling area were used in order to evaluate the distance from the road traffic source and to estimate the presence of fresh or old air masses in the sampling point. This study provides data which can be useful to establish the BTEX levels in suburban areas from the coastal Atlantic region and improves the knowledge of the BTEX presence in this kind of area. Descriptors Air Pollutants/analysis, Atmosphere, Benzene/analysis, Benzene Derivatives/analysis, Cities, Environmental Monitoring, Humans, Seasons, Spain, Suburban Health, Temperature, Toluene/analysis, Vehicle Emissions/analysis, Volatilization, Wind, Xylenes/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Perez-Rial,D., Lopez-Mahia,P., Muniategui-Lorenzo,S., Prada-Rodriguez,D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090402 PMCID Editors
Indoor exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and dampness: respiratory symptoms in Sardinian children--DRIAS study	2009	Department of Animal and Human Biology, University La Sapienza, Piazz. Le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy. roberta.pirastu@uniroma1.it	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental research Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Res. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 109 Issue 1 Start Page 59 Other Pages 65 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 0147621; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2007/11/27 [received]; 2008/07/30 [revised]; 2008/09/04 [accepted]; 2008/10/25 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1096-0953; 0013-9351 Accession Number PMID: 18952207 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.envres.2008.09.002 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18952207 Abstract Indoor exposures at home, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and mould/dampness adversely affect respiratory health of children. Disturbi Respiratori nell'Infanzia e Ambiente in Sardegna (DRIAS) (Respiratory Symptoms in children and the Environment in Sardegna, Italy) aims at relating the prevalence of respiratory and allergic symptoms to indoor exposures in Sardinian children. DRIAS, a cross-sectional investigation of respiratory symptoms/diseases, used a modified version of ISAAC questionnaire, included 4122 children attending 29 primary schools in the school year 2004-2005. If both parents smoke the prevalence for current wheeze and current asthma is almost doubled in comparison with never smokers, for persistent cough and phlegm a role is suggested when only mother smokes. Among mothers smoking in pregnancy, the prevalence of current wheeze and current asthma is increased. Exposure to ETS and family atopy have a joint effect resulting in an almost tripling of prevalence for current wheeze and more than four times for current asthma. Exposure to "dampness" (mould or dampness) both during the first year of life and currently is associated with increased prevalence of current wheeze, persistent cough or phlegm and current rhino-conjunctivitis; if exposure is only during the first year of life a doubling or more of prevalence is observed for current wheeze, current asthma, and persistent cough or phlegm. DRIAS results add evidence to the causal role of childhood exposure to ETS in the development of respiratory symptoms (cough, phlegm, and wheezing) and asthma. The joint effect of ETS and family atopy is corroborated. The results strengthen the evidence for a causal association between "dampness" and respiratory health, pointing to its possible independent role in causing asthma, a long-lasting exposure entails a doubled prevalence for both asthmatic and bronchitis symptoms. Descriptors Air/analysis/standards, Air Microbiology, Air Pollution, Indoor/adverse effects/analysis, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Housing/standards, Humans, Italy/epidemiology, Respiratory Tract Diseases/epidemiology/etiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Pirastu,R., Bellu,C., Greco,P., Pelosi,U., Pistelli,R., Accetta,G., Biggeri,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20081025 PMCID Editors

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