WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
Water pipe (shisha) smoking among male students of medical colleges in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia	2010	Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. aztaha@hotmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Annals of Saudi medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Ann.Saudi Med. Pub Date Free Form May-Jun Volume 30 Issue 3 Start Page 222 Other Pages 226 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 8507355; CIN: Ann Saudi Med. 2011 Jan-Feb;31(1):94-5. PMID: 21245608; CIN: Ann Saudi Med. 2010 Jul-Aug;30(4):330; author reply 330. PMID: 20622355; CIN: Ann Saudi Med. 2010 Nov-Dec;30(6):493-4; author reply 494. PMID: 21060162; OID: NLM Place of Publication Saudi Arabia ISSN/ISBN 0975-4466; 0256-4947 Accession Number PMID: 20427939 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.4103/0256-4947.62838 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20427939 Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Shisha smoking, one of the commonest methods of smoking tobacco among Arabs, increases the risk of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of shisha smoking among male students of three colleges and to identify factors associated with shisha smoking. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 500 male students of three colleges (medicine, applied medical sciences and dentistry). Data were collected from 371 students using a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of shisha smoking was 12.6% (8.6% shisha only and 4.0% both shisha and cigarettes). Thirty students (63.8%) started shisha smoking at ages of 16 to 18 years. Seven students (15%) smoked shisha daily. Cafiotas or restaurants were the favorite places for smoking (70.2% of students). There was a high prevalence of shisha smoking among students whose mothers had a secondary (19.1%) and higher (53.3%) education. CONCLUSIONS: There was a high prevalence of shisha smoking among university students. The majority of students started shisha smoking at a young age. Public health measures, including the banning of smoking in public places are recommended. Descriptors Confidence Intervals, Cross-Sectional Studies, Geography, Health Behavior, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Risk-Taking, Saudi Arabia/epidemiology, Schools, Medical, Smoking/epidemiology, Students, Dental, Students, Medical, Surveys and Questionnaires Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Taha,A. Z., Sabra,A. A., Al-Mustafa,Z. Z., Al-Awami,H. R., Al-Khalaf,M. A., Al-Momen,M. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC2886873 Editors
Measurement of indoor smoke pollution in public places in Hungary	2010	Semmelweis Egyetem, Altalanos Orvostudomanyi Kar, Radiologiai es Onkoterapias Klinika, Budapest. tarnoki4@gmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Orvosi hetilap Periodical, Abbrev. Orv.Hetil. Pub Date Free Form 7-Feb Volume 151 Issue 6 Start Page 213 Other Pages 219 Notes JID: 0376412; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish Place of Publication Hungary ISSN/ISBN 0030-6002; 0030-6002 Accession Number PMID: 20123656 Language hun SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1556/OH.2010.28797 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20123656 Abstract To compare the levels of indoor air pollution found in a sample of smoking and non-smoking public locations in Hungary. METHODS: Ambient air of 6 pubs, 5 restaurants, 11 cafes, and 20 other locations in Budapest and Zalakaros, Hungary, between January and August 2008, was studied, and concentration of particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) was assessed with TSI SidePak AM510 Personal Aerosol Monitor. RESULTS: In 26 places where smoking was observed, the average PM 2.5 level was 102.3 microg/m3 [range: 3-487 microg/m3]; compared to 5.1 microg/m 3 [range: 0-28 microg/m3] in the 16 places where smoking was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Levels of indoor fine particle air pollution measured in smoking public locations in Hungary were 18 times higher than the levels in non-smoking places and exceeded the harmful levels declared by the World Health Organization and US Environmental Protection Agency. Descriptors Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Environmental Exposure/statistics & numerical data, Humans, Hungary/epidemiology, Occupational Exposure/statistics & numerical data, Restaurants, Smoking/epidemiology, Tobacco Smoke Pollution Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Tarnoki,D. L., Tarnoki,A. D., Hyland,A., Travers,M. J., Dobson,K., Mechtler,L., Cummings,K. M. Original/Translated Title Zart kozossegi helyek dohanyfust-koncentraciojanak merese Magyarorszagon URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Meta-analyses of the effect of symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux on the risk of Barrett's esophagus	2010	Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The American Journal of Gastroenterology Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Gastroenterol. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 105 Issue 8 Start Page 1729, 1730 Other Pages 7; quiz 1738 Notes LR: 20141203; GR: K23 DK079291/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: K23 DK079291/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: K23 DK079291-04/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; JID: 0421030; RF: 52; NIHMS217992; OID: NLM: NIHMS217992; OID: NLM: PMC2916949; 2010/05/18 Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1572-0241; 0002-9270 Accession Number PMID: 20485283 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1038/ajg.2010.194 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20485283 Abstract OBJECTIVES: Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a devastating disease that has risen in incidence over the past several decades. Barrett's esophagus (BE) is an associated premalignant lesion. Current preventative efforts rely on endoscopic screening of individuals with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms and surveillance endoscopy for those with BE. However, some recent studies have found a high prevalence of BE in patients without GERD, and others have found little or no association with GERD. We hypothesized that studies of higher-quality design show weaker associations of GERD with BE, and that GERD is only weakly associated with short-segment Barrett's esophagus (SSBE). METHODS: We performed a systematic literature search in multiple online electronic databases regardless of language. Eligible studies required visualization of columnar mucosa and histological confirmation of intestinal metaplasia, and GERD symptoms ascertained by questionnaire or interview. The highest-quality sampling design was defined a priori by both cases and controls identified among unselected research volunteers ("research design") rather than by patients selected for endoscopy for clinical indications ("clinical design"), which introduces selection and ascertainment bias. A priori, heterogeneity was defined by Cochrane's Q P<0.20 and the inconsistency index (I(2); 25% low, 50% moderate, and 75% high). Heterogeneity of results can reflect significant differences in study design or effect modification by strata of outcomes. RESULTS: Systematic review identified 13,392 citations. Evaluation identified 108 potentially relevant journal articles, of which 26 met eligibility. Of these, 14 studies identified cases of BE and controls based on clinical indication ("clinical design"), and 6 used the "research design." The remaining six studies identified cases of BE from patients undergoing endoscopy for clinical indication and controls among patients without known BE ("cases clinical/controls research"). The summary odds ratio (OR) for the association of GERD with BE from all studies was 2.90 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.86-4.54), but the results were very heterogeneous (P=0.0001; I(2)=89%). When stratified by BE length and sampling design, the studies with clinical design showed substantial, but heterogeneous, associations with SSBE (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.21-4.70; P=0.02; I(2)=62%), and stronger and homogeneous association with long-segment BE (LSBE; fixed effects OR, 2.96; 95% CI, 1.69-5.19; P=0.25; I(2)=25%). In the research study design, stratifying by length of BE resolved the heterogeneity and showed a strong association between GERD and LSBE (fixed effects OR, 4.92; 95% CI, 2.01-12.0; P=0.30; I(2)=19%) and no association with SSBE (fixed effects OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.763-1.73; P=0.84; I(2)=0%). Funnel plots showed potential evidence for bias against dissemination of small negative studies. CONCLUSIONS: In the highest-quality studies, GERD symptoms are not associated with SSBE, but increased the odds of LSBE by fivefold. GERD symptoms can serve as a reliable predictor of LSBE, but not SSBE. If SSBE is considered worthy of identification, then current screening practices do not select patients at risk for endoscopy, and alternative methods of selection for screening need to be developed. Descriptors Barrett Esophagus/etiology/pathology/prevention & control, Esophagoscopy, Gastroesophageal Reflux/complications/pathology, Humans, Precancerous Conditions/etiology/pathology/prevention & control, Risk Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Taylor,J. B., Rubenstein,J. H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20100518 PMCID PMC2916949 Editors
Carboxyhaemoglobin levels in water-pipe and cigarette smokers	2010	Lung Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria. theronansa@gmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde Periodical, Abbrev. S.Afr.Med.J. Pub Date Free Form 29-Jan Volume 100 Issue 2 Start Page 122 Other Pages 124 Notes LR: 20140912; JID: 0404520; 059QF0KO0R (Water); 142M471B3J (Carbon Dioxide); 9061-29-4 (Carboxyhemoglobin); 2009/04/29 [received]; 2009/07/10 [accepted]; epublish Place of Publication South Africa ISSN/ISBN 0256-9574 Accession Number PMID: 20459918 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Controlled Clinical Trial; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20459918 Abstract Water-pipe smoking is growing in popularity, especially among young people, because of the social nature of the smoking session and the assumption that the effects are less harmful than those of cigarette smoking. It has however been shown that a single water-pipe smoking session produces a 24-hour urinary cotinine level equivalent to smoking 10 cigarettes per day. AIM: We aimed to measure carboxyhaemoglogin (COHb) blood levels before and after water-pipe and cigarette smoking sessions. METHOD: Self-confessed smokers older than 18 years (N=30) volunteered to smoke a water-pipe or a cigarette and have their blood COHb levels measured under controlled conditions. RESULTS: Mean baseline COHb levels were 2.9% for the 15 cigarette smokers and 1.0% for the 15 water-pipe smokers. Levels increased by a mean of 481.7% in water-pipe smokers as opposed to 39.9% in cigarette smokers. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated that water-pipe smokers had significantly higher increases in blood COHb levels than cigarette smokers during a single smoking session. Descriptors Administration, Inhalation, Adult, Carbon Dioxide/metabolism, Carboxyhemoglobin/metabolism, Cohort Studies, Equipment Design, Female, Humans, Male, Nebulizers and Vaporizers, Smoking/blood, South Africa, Tobacco/metabolism, Water, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Theron,A., Schultz,C., Ker,J. A., Falzone,N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20100129 PMCID Editors
In vitro activity of antifungal combinations against Candida albicans biofilms	2010	Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Wahringer Gurtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy Periodical, Abbrev. J.Antimicrob.Chemother. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 65 Issue 2 Start Page 271 Other Pages 274 Notes LR: 20131125; JID: 7513617; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Triazoles); 6TK1G07BHZ (posaconazole); 7XU7A7DROE (Amphotericin B); F0XDI6ZL63 (caspofungin); 2009/12/08 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1460-2091; 0305-7453 Accession Number PMID: 19996142 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/jac/dkp429 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19996142 Abstract OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro activity and synergism of the combinations of amphotericin B/caspofungin and amphotericin B/posaconazole against Candida albicans, grown either as planktonic cells or in biofilms. METHODS: Ten C. albicans bloodstream isolates used in this study were collected from intensive care patients admitted to the Vienna University Hospital between 2006 and 2007. Chequerboard tests were employed to determine the efficacy of the antifungal combinations amphotericin B/caspofungin and amphotericin B/posaconazole against both planktonic cells and biofilms. C. albicans biofilms were prepared using the static microtitre plate model. The activity of antifungal combination therapy was determined by visual reading for planktonic cells and using the XTT assay for biofilms. RESULTS: For Candida biofilms the median MIC was 4 mg/L for amphotericin B and caspofungin, and >256 mg/L for posaconazole. The combination amphotericin B/posaconazole yielded synergism [fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) <0.26], whereas amphotericin B/caspofungin yielded indifferent interaction only (FICI 0.75-1.25) against all isolates when grown in biofilms. Under planktonic conditions, synergism was demonstrable for the combination amphotericin B/caspofungin against 4 of the 10 isolates, whereas the combination of caspofungin/posaconazole was indifferent against all tested isolates. CONCLUSIONS: We showed that MICs for planktonic and biofilm forms of C. albicans were much lower when treated with an antifungal combination than when treated with single agents. The combination of amphotericin B/posaconazole yielded synergism against Candida biofilms, whereas amphotericin B/caspofungin yielded indifferent interaction. Descriptors Amphotericin B/pharmacology, Antifungal Agents/pharmacology, Austria, Biofilms/drug effects, Candida albicans/drug effects/isolation & purification, Candidiasis/microbiology, Drug Synergism, Echinocandins/pharmacology, Fungemia/microbiology, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Triazoles/pharmacology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Tobudic,S., Kratzer,C., Lassnigg,A., Graninger,W., Presterl,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20091208 PMCID Editors
Patterns of dual use of cigarettes and smokeless tobacco among US males: findings from national surveys	2010	Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Suite 5180, Gainesville, Florida 32610-3628, USA. stomar@dental.ufl.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 19 Issue 2 Start Page 104 Other Pages 109 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: R01CA87477/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9209612; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); K5161X06LL (Cotinine); OID: NLM: PMC2989167; 2009/12/11 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 20008157 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1136/tc.2009.031070 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20008157 Abstract BACKGROUND: In the USA, consumption of moist snuff continues to increase and cigarette manufacturers now control nearly its entire market. Manufacturers have developed new products that represent cigarette brand extension and in test marketing are promoting dual use of cigarettes and snuff. This study examined patterns of concurrent use of smokeless tobacco (ST) and cigarettes among young people and adults in the USA just before cigarette companies' control of the nation's ST market. METHODS: Data were drawn from four US nationally representative surveys. Stratified analyses applied sampling weights and accounted for the complex sample designs. RESULTS: Cigarette smoking was substantially more prevalent among young males who used ST than among those who did not. Among adult males, those who smoked daily were less likely than others to have used snuff every day. Men who used moist snuff daily had the lowest prevalence of daily smoking, but the prevalence of daily smoking was relatively high among men who used moist snuff less than daily. Unsuccessful past-year attempts by daily smokers to quit smoking were more prevalent among non-daily snuff users (41.2%) than among those who had never used snuff (29.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Although dual daily use of ST and cigarettes is relatively uncommon in the USA, concurrent ST use is more common among adolescent and young adult male smokers than among more mature tobacco users. Among adult males, daily smoking predominates and non-daily ST use is very strongly associated with current smoking. Adult male smokers who also use ST daily tend to have relatively high levels of serum cotinine and high prevalence of a major indicator for tobacco dependence. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Cotinine/blood, Data Collection, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Humans, Male, Nicotine/blood, Smoking/epidemiology, Smoking Cessation, Socioeconomic Factors, Substance-Related Disorders/psychology, Tobacco Use Disorder/complications/epidemiology/psychology, Tobacco, Smokeless, United States/epidemiology, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Tomar,S. L., Alpert,H. R., Connolly,G. N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20091211 PMCID PMC2989167 Editors
Household environmental tobacco smoke and risks of asthma, wheeze and bronchitic symptoms among children in Taiwan	2010	Institute of Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Respiratory research Periodical, Abbrev. Respir.Res. Pub Date Free Form 29-Jan Volume 11 Issue Start Page 11 Other Pages 11/11/9921 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 101090633; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OID: NLM: PMC2828425; 2009/10/15 [received]; 2010/01/29 [accepted]; 2010/01/29 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1465-993X; 1465-9921 Accession Number PMID: 20113468 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/1465-9921-11-11 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20113468 Abstract BACKGROUND: Although studies show that maternal smoking during pregnancy increases the risks of respiratory outcomes in childhood, evidence concerning the effects of household environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure remains inconsistent. METHODS: We conducted a population-based study comprised of 5,019 seventh and eighth-grade children in 14 Taiwanese communities. Questionnaire responses by parents were used to ascertain children's exposure and disease status. Logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the effects of ETS exposures on the prevalence of asthma, wheeze, and bronchitic symptoms. RESULTS: The lifetime prevalence of wheeze was 11.6% and physician-diagnosed asthma was 7.5% in our population. After adjustment for potential confounders, in utero exposure showed the strongest effect on all respiratory outcomes. Current household ETS exposure was significantly associated with increased prevalence of active asthma, ever wheeze, wheeze with nighttime awakening, and bronchitis. Maternal smoking was associated with the increased prevalence of a wide range of wheeze subcategories, serious asthma, and chronic cough, but paternal smoking had no significant effects. Although maternal smoking alone and paternal smoking alone were not independently associated with respiratory outcomes, joint exposure appeared to increase the effects. Furthermore, joint exposure to parental smoking showed a significant effect on early-onset asthma (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.00-4.02), but did not show a significant effect on late-onset asthma (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.36-3.87). CONCLUSION: We concluded that prenatal and household ETS exposure had significant adverse effects on respiratory health in Taiwanese children. Descriptors Adolescent, Air Pollution, Indoor/statistics & numerical data, Asthma/epidemiology, Bronchitis/epidemiology, Child, Comorbidity, Female, Humans, Incidence, Male, Proportional Hazards Models, Respiratory Sounds, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Taiwan/epidemiology, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/statistics & numerical data, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Tsai,C. H., Huang,J. H., Hwang,B. F., Lee,Y. L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20100129 PMCID PMC2828425 Editors
Interventions for smoking cessation and reduction in individuals with schizophrenia	2010	(a) Academic Clinical Psychiatry, University of Sheffield, (b) Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Division of Psychiatry, A Floor, South Block, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham, UK, NG7 2UH.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 16-Jun Volume (6):CD007253. doi Issue 6 Start Page CD007253 Other Pages Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 100909747; 0 (Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation); 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); 01ZG3TPX31 (Bupropion); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); UIN: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;2:CD007253. PMID: 23450574; RF: 96; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 20556777 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD007253.pub2 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20556777 Abstract BACKGROUND: Patients with schizophrenia smoke more heavily than the general population and this contributes to their higher morbidity and mortality from smoking-related illnesses. It remains unclear what interventions can help them to quit or reduce smoking. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the benefits and harms of different treatments for nicotine dependence in schizophrenia. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialized Register and electronic databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO from inception to April 2010. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomized trials for smoking cessation or reduction, comparing any pharmacological or non-pharmacological intervention with placebo or with another therapeutic control in adult smokers with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently assessed the eligibility and quality of trials and extracted data. Outcome measures included smoking abstinence, reduction in the amount smoked and any change in mental state. We extracted abstinence and reduction data at the end of treatment and at least six months after the intervention. We used the most rigorous definition of abstinence or reduction and biochemically validated data where available. Any reported adverse events were noted. Where appropriate, we pooled data using a random effects model. MAIN RESULTS: We included 21 trials (11 trials of smoking cessation; four trials of smoking reduction; one trial for relapse prevention; five trials reported smoking outcomes for interventions aimed at other purposes). Seven trials compared bupropion with placebo; meta-analysis showed that smoking cessation rates after bupropion were significantly higher than placebo at the end of treatment (seven trials, N=340; risk ratio [RR] 2.84; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.61 to 4.99) and after six months (five trials, N=214, RR 2.78; 95% CI 1.02 to 7.58). Expired carbon monoxide (CO) level and the number of cigarettes smoked daily were significantly lower with bupropion at the end of therapy but not after six months. There were no significant differences in positive, negative and depressive symptoms between bupropion and placebo group. There was no report of major adverse event such as seizures with bupropion.Contingent reinforcement (CR) with money may increase smoking abstinence rates and reduce the level of smoking in patients with schizophrenia. However, it is uncertain whether these benefits are maintained in the longer term. There was no evidence of benefit for the few trials of other pharmacological therapies (including nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)) and psychosocial interventions in helping smokers with schizophrenia to quit or reduce smoking. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Bupropion increases smoking abstinence rates in smokers with schizophrenia, without jeopardising their mental state. Bupropion may also reduce the amount these patients smoke. CR may help this group of patients to quit and reduce smoking. We failed to find convincing evidence that other interventions have a beneficial effect on smoking behaviour in schizophrenia. Descriptors Adult, Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation/therapeutic use, Bupropion/therapeutic use, Humans, Nicotine/administration & dosage, Nicotinic Agonists/administration & dosage, Reinforcement (Psychology), Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Smoking/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation/methods Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Tsoi,D. T., Porwal,M., Webster,A. C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20100616 PMCID Editors
Exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke and child behaviour - results from a cross-sectional study among preschool children in Bavaria	2010	Bavarian Health & Food Safety Authority, Department of Environmental Health, Oberschleissheim, Germany. dorothee.twardella@lgl.bayern.de	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) Periodical, Abbrev. Acta Paediatr. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 99 Issue 1 Start Page 106 Other Pages 111 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9205968; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2009/09/29 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Norway ISSN/ISBN 1651-2227; 0803-5253 Accession Number PMID: 19793315 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01522.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19793315 Abstract AIM: To evaluate the association of postnatal exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke on childhood behavioural problems after taking maternal smoking during pregnancy into account. METHODS: In a cross-sectional survey of preschool children in Bavaria, exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke in the child's home was assessed via a parent questionnaire. The Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was applied to assess child's behaviour. The association with secondhand tobacco smoke exposure was assessed for 'probable' outcomes of the problem subscales and of prosocial behaviour. RESULTS: Among 5494 children (48% female), the SDQ indicated behavioural problems in up to 11%. After adjustment for socioeconomic factors, low birth weight and maternal smoking before and during pregnancy, a dose-response relationship with exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke was observed regarding hyperactivity/inattention (odds ratio compared to 'none' was 1.35 for 'low/medium' and 2.39 for 'high' exposure, 95% confidence intervals 1.02-1.78 and 1.62-3.53, respectively) as well as for conduct problems (OR 1.68 (1.37-2.06) and 1.93 (1.39-2.68)). CONCLUSION: Secondhand tobacco smoke exposure at home appears to be associated with an increased risk of behavioural problems among preschool children. Prevention of behavioural problems may be a further reason to target secondhand tobacco smoke exposure in children. Descriptors Child Behavior Disorders/epidemiology/etiology, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Germany/epidemiology, Humans, Male, Multivariate Analysis, Odds Ratio, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Risk Assessment, Socioeconomic Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Twardella,D., Bolte,G., Fromme,H., Wildner,M., von Kries,R., GME Study Group Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A clinical laboratory model for evaluating the acute effects of electronic "cigarettes": nicotine delivery profile and cardiovascular and subjective effects	2010	Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA. teissenb@vcu.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology Periodical, Abbrev. Cancer Epidemiol.Biomarkers Prev. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 19 Issue 8 Start Page 1945 Other Pages 1953 Notes LR: 20151119; CI: (c)2010; GR: R01 CA103827/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA103827-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA120142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA120142-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01CA103827/CA/NCI NIH HHS/Uni Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1538-7755; 1055-9965 Accession Number PMID: 20647410 Language eng SubFile Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0288 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20647410 Abstract BACKGROUND: Electronic "cigarettes" are marketed to tobacco users as potential reduced exposure products (PREP), albeit with little information regarding electronic cigarette user toxicant exposure and effects. This information may be obtained by adapting clinical laboratory methods used to evaluate other PREPs for smokers. METHODS: Thirty-two smokers participated in four independent Latin-square ordered conditions that differed by product: own brand cigarette, "NPRO" electronic cigarettes (NPRO EC; 18 mg cartridge), "Hydro" electronic cigarettes (Hydro EC; 16 mg cartridge), or sham (unlit cigarette). Participants took 10 puffs at two separate times during each session. Plasma nicotine and carbon monoxide (CO) concentration, heart rate, and subjective effects were assessed. RESULTS: Own brand significantly increased plasma nicotine and CO concentration and heart rate within the first five minutes of administration whereas NPRO EC, Hydro EC, and sham smoking did not. Own brand, NPRO EC, and Hydro EC (but not sham) significantly decreased tobacco abstinence symptom ratings and increased product acceptability ratings. The magnitude of symptom suppression and increased acceptability was greater for own brand than for NPRO EC and Hydro EC. CONCLUSIONS: Under these acute testing conditions, neither of the electronic cigarettes exposed users to measurable levels of nicotine or CO, although both suppressed nicotine/tobacco abstinence symptom ratings. IMPACT: This study illustrates how clinical laboratory methods can be used to understand the acute effects of these and other PREPs for tobacco users. The results and methods reported here will likely be relevant to the evaluation and empirically based regulation of electronic cigarettes and similar products. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Carbon Monoxide/blood, Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods, Consumer Behavior/statistics & numerical data, Electronics, Female, Heart Rate/physiology, Humans, Male, Marketing, Middle Aged, Nicotine/blood, Smoking/blood/physiopathology, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/prevention & control, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher AACR Data Source Authors Vansickel,A. R., Cobb,C. O., Weaver,M. F., Eissenberg,T. E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20100720 PMCID PMC2919621 Editors

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