WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
Both environmental tobacco smoke and personal smoking is related to asthma and wheeze in teenagers	2011	The OLIN Study Group, Sunderby Central Hospital of Norrbotten, Lulea, Sweden. linnea.hedman@nll.se	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Thorax Periodical, Abbrev. Thorax Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 66 Issue 1 Start Page 20 Other Pages 25 Notes JID: 0417353; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2010/11/03 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3296; 0040-6376 Accession Number PMID: 21047869 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1136/thx.2010.143800 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21047869 Abstract BACKGROUND: Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been reported as a significant risk factor for childhood asthma. Among adults, personal smoking is a major cause of respiratory symptoms and diseases. The effects of these exposures on the prevalence of asthma and wheeze among teenagers are less well known. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to study the independent and combined effects of ETS and personal smoking on the prevalence of asthma and wheeze in teenagers. METHODS: A longitudinal study of asthma and allergic diseases in schoolchildren has been in progress in Northern Sweden since 1996. All children aged 7-8 years in three municipalities were invited and 3430 (97%) participants have been followed by annual questionnaires. At the age 16-17 years, 82% of the initial participants took part in the 2005 survey. RESULTS: Prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma, ever wheeze and current wheeze was significantly higher among those exposed to maternal ETS and among daily smokers. In multivariate analyses, maternal ETS was a significant risk factor for physician-diagnosed asthma and ever wheeze (OR 1.3-1.5) and personal daily smoking for current wheeze (OR 2.0). ORs for asthma and ever wheeze were highest among daily smokers who were also exposed to maternal ETS with ORs of 1.7 and 2.5, respectively. A significant dose-response association between number of cigarettes/day and the prevalence of wheeze was also found. CONCLUSIONS: Both ETS and personal smoking were significantly related to asthma and wheeze in teenagers. Maternal ETS exposure was associated with lifetime symptoms, but daily smoking among the teenagers was more strongly related to current symptoms. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hedman,L., Bjerg,A., Sundberg,S., Forsberg,B., Ronmark,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20101103 PMCID Editors
Fishing effort and catch composition of urban market and rural villages in Brazilian Amazon	2011	Departmento de Ecologia, UFRGS, CP 15007, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental management Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Manage. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 47 Issue 2 Start Page 188 Other Pages 200 Notes JID: 7703893; 2009/03/18 [received]; 2010/11/03 [accepted]; 2010/12/12 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1432-1009; 0364-152X Accession Number PMID: 21153639 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1007/s00267-010-9584-1 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21153639 Abstract The management of small-scale freshwater fisheries in Amazon has been based usually on surveys of urban markets, while fisheries of rural villages have gone unnoticed. We compared the fishing characteristics (catch, effort and selectivity) between an urban market and five small villages in the Lower Tocantins River (Brazilian Amazon), downstream from a large reservoir. We recorded 86 and 601 fish landings in the urban market and villages, respectively, using the same methodology. The urban fishers showed higher catch per unit of effort, higher amount of ice (related to a higher fishing effort, as ice is used to store fish catches) and larger crew size per fishing trip, but village fishers had a higher estimated annual fish production. Conversely, urban and village fishers used similar fishing gear (gillnets) and the main fish species caught were the same. However, village fishers showed more diverse strategies regarding gear, habitats and fish caught. Therefore, although it underestimated the total amount of fish caught in the Lower Tocantins River region, the data from the urban market could be a reliable indicator of main fish species exploited and fishing gear used by village fishers. Monitoring and management should consider the differences and similarities between urban and rural fisheries, in Amazon and in other tropical regions. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hallwass,G., Lopes,P.F., Juras,A.A., Silvano,R.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20101212 PMCID Editors
Prevalence of substance use among college students in Eldoret, western Kenya	2011	Department of Mental Health, Moi University School of Medicine, PO Box 4606, Eldoret 30100, Kenya. lukoye@gmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC psychiatry Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Psychiatry Pub Date Free Form 28-Feb Volume 11 Issue Start Page 34 Other Pages 244X-11-34 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 100968559; OID: NLM: PMC3053226; 2010/11/30 [received]; 2011/02/28 [accepted]; 2011/02/28 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-244X; 1471-244X Accession Number PMID: 21356035 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/1471-244X-11-34 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21356035 Abstract BACKGROUND: Substance use among college and university students predicts substance related problems in later life. Few studies on this phenomenon have been carried out in low income countries, and most focus on primary and secondary school students. This study therefore aimed to establish the prevalence and factors associated with drug use among university and college students in a low income country. METHODS: DESIGN: A descriptive cross-sectional survey using the Self-Administered WHO Model Core Questionnaire to collect information on use of various drugs among students in colleges and university campuses within Eldoret Municipality in Western Kenya. SETTING: Four tertiary learning institutions in Eldoret Municipality were randomly selected for inclusion in the study- three tertiary level non-university institutions and one university campus. SUBJECTS: Five hundred students who gave consent to participate in the study, 125 from each of the four participating institutions. The mean age was 22.9 years (18-32, s.d. 2.5), and males made up 52.2% of the sample. RESULTS: Lifetime prevalence rate of any substance use was 69.8%, and none of the socio-demographic factors was significantly associated with this. Lifetime prevalence rate of alcohol use was 51.9%, and 97.6% of alcohol users had consumed alcohol in the week prior to the study. The prevalence rate of cigarette use was 42.8%, with males having statistically significantly higher rates than females (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Atwoli,L., Mungla,P.A., Ndung'u,M.N., Kinoti,K.C., Ogot,E.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110228 PMCID PMC3053226 Editors
A persisting secondhand smoke hazard in urban public places: results from fine particulate (PM2.5) air sampling	2011	Department of Public Health, University of Otago Wellington, PO Box 7343 Wellington South, New Zealand. nick.wilson@otago.ac.nz	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The New Zealand medical journal Periodical, Abbrev. N.Z.Med.J. Pub Date Free Form 4-Mar Volume 124 Issue 1330 Start Page 34 Other Pages 47 Notes JID: 0401067; 0 (Hazardous Substances); 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); CIN: N Z Med J. 2011 Mar 4;124(1330):5-7. PMID: 21681245; epublish Place of Publication New Zealand ISSN/ISBN 1175-8716; 0028-8446 Accession Number PMID: 21681251 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21681251 Abstract AIM: To assess the need for additional smokefree settings, by measuring secondhand smoke (SHS) in a range of public places in an urban setting. METHODS: Measurements were made in Wellington City during the 6-year period after the implementation of legislation that made indoor areas of restaurants and bars/pubs smokefree in December 2004, and up to 20 years after the 1990 legislation making most indoor workplaces smokefree. Fine particulate levels (PM2.5) were measured with a portable real-time airborne particle monitor. We collated data from our previously published work involving random sampling, purposeful sampling and convenience sampling of a wide range of settings (in 2006) and from additional sampling of selected indoor and outdoor areas (in 2007-2008 and 2010). RESULTS: The "outdoor" smoking areas of hospitality venues had the highest particulate levels, with a mean value of 72 mcg/m3 (range of maximum values 51-284 mcg/m3) (n=20 sampling periods). These levels are likely to create health hazards for some workers and patrons (i.e., when considered in relation to the WHO air quality guidelines). National survey data also indicate that these venues are the ones where SHS exposure is most frequently reported by non-smokers. Areas inside bars that were adjacent to "outdoor" smoking areas also had high levels, with a mean of 54 mcg/m3 (range of maximum values: 18-239 mcg/m3, for n=13 measurements). In all other settings mean levels were lower (means: 2-22 mcg/m3). These other settings included inside traditional style pubs/sports bars (n=10), bars (n=18), restaurants (n=9), cafes (n=5), inside public buildings (n=15), inside transportation settings (n=15), and various outdoor street/park settings (n=22). During the data collection in all settings made smokefree by law, there was only one occasion of a person observed smoking. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that compliance in pubs/bars and restaurants has remained extremely high in this city in the nearly six years since implementation of the upgraded smokefree legislation. The results also highlight additional potential health gain from extending smokefree policies to reduce SHS exposure in the "outdoor" smoking areas of hospitality venues and to reduce SHS drift from these areas to indoor areas. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wilson,N., Edwards,R., Parry,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110304 PMCID Editors
Additive antifungal activity of anidulafungin and human neutrophils against Candida parapsilosis biofilms	2011	Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University, Hippokration Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy Periodical, Abbrev. J.Antimicrob.Chemother. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 66 Issue 3 Start Page 588 Other Pages 591 Notes LR: 20130527; JID: 7513617; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Tetrazolium Salts); 0 (Triazoles); 117038-70-7 (2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2H-tetrazoliu m hydroxide); 9HLM53094I (anidulafungin); 2010/12/07 Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1460-2091; 0305-7453 Accession Number PMID: 21138910 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/jac/dkq466 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21138910 Abstract OBJECTIVES: To investigate the activities of two newer triazoles and two echinocandins combined with human phagocytes against Candida parapsilosis biofilms. METHODS: An in vitro model of C. parapsilosis biofilms was used. Biofilms were grown on silicone elastomer discs in 96-well plates at 37 degrees C for 72 h. Biofilms or planktonic cells were incubated with voriconazole, posaconazole, caspofungin or anidulafungin, at clinically relevant concentrations, and human phagocytes (neutrophils or monocytes) alone or in combination with each of the antifungal agents for a further 22 h. Fungal damage induced by antifungal agents and/or phagocytes was determined by XTT [2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide] metabolic assay. RESULTS: Each of the antifungal agents alone and in combination with human phagocytes induced less damage against C. parapsilosis biofilms compared with planktonic cells. No antagonistic interactions between antifungal agents and phagocytes were found. Furthermore, anidulafungin, but not caspofungin, and neutrophils exerted additive activity against C. parapsilosis biofilms. CONCLUSIONS: Besides a lack of antagonistic interactions between newer antifungal agents and phagocytes, anidulafungin exerts additive immunopharmacological activity against C. parapsilosis biofilms. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Katragkou,A., Chatzimoschou,A., Simitsopoulou,M., Georgiadou,E., Roilides,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20101207 PMCID Editors
Flavored waters: influence of ingredients on antioxidant capacity and terpenoid profile by HS-SPME/GC-MS	2011	Requimte/Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry Periodical, Abbrev. J.Agric.Food Chem. Pub Date Free Form 11-May Volume 59 Issue 9 Start Page 5062 Other Pages 5072 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0374755; 0 (Antioxidants); 0 (Flavoring Agents); 0 (Terpenes); 059QF0KO0R (Water); 2011/04/04 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1520-5118; 0021-8561 Accession Number PMID: 21462928 Language eng SubFile Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1021/jf1048244 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21462928 Abstract The antioxidant profiles of 39 water samples (29 flavored waters based on 10 natural waters) and 6 flavors used in their formulation (furnished by producers) were determined. Total phenol and flavonoid contents, reducing power, and DPPH radical scavenging activity were the optical techniques implemented and included in the referred profile. Flavor extracts were analyzed by HS-SPME/GC-MS to obtain the qualitative and quantitative profiles of the volatile fraction of essential oils. Results pointed out a higher reducing power (0.14-11.8 mg of gallic acid/L) and radical scavenging activity (0.29-211.5 mg Trolox/L) of flavored waters compared with the corresponding natural ones, an interesting fact concerning human health. Bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, were present in all samples (0.5-359 mg of gallic acid/L), whereas flavonoids were not present either in flavored waters or in flavors. The major components of flavor extracts were monoterpenes, such as citral, alpha-limonene, carveol, and alpha-terpineol. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Barroso,M.F., Noronha,J.P., Delerue-Matos,C., Oliveira,M.B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110404 PMCID Editors
Did unprogrammed tobacco control efforts over seven years decrease smoking prevalence in the medical school?	2011	Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey. celalk@trakya.edu.tr	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tuberkuloz ve toraks Periodical, Abbrev. Tuberk.Toraks Pub Date Free Form Volume 59 Issue 1 Start Page 18 Other Pages 26 Notes JID: 0417364; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish Place of Publication Turkey ISSN/ISBN 0494-1373; 0494-1373 Accession Number PMID: 21554226 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21554226 Abstract Medical students will have significant roles in combating against death tool of tobacco. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether any decrease in the smoking prevalence of the medical students over seven years of many tobacco control efforts. A self-administered questionnaire was carried out among 764 of 854 (89.4%) medical students in order to determine the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors towards tobacco use. Chi-square tests, Student's t-test and multiple logistic regression methods were used. Results were compared with the historical control study that was done seven years ago with same methods. 25.9% of the students were smoker (36.6% of males, 16.3% of females), 4.9% was exsmoker and 69.2% was non-smoker. Quit rate was high among males than females (6.8% versus 3.3%, p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Karlikaya,C., Ozdemir,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Transitions between the stages of smoking in Iranian adolescents	2011	National Public Health Management Center (NPMC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. poorasl@yahoo.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Preventive medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 52 Issue 2 Start Page 136 Other Pages 138 Notes LR: 20120508; CI: Copyright (c) 2010; JID: 0322116; 2010/06/09 [received]; 2010/11/24 [revised]; 2010/11/25 [accepted]; 2010/12/09 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1096-0260; 0091-7435 Accession Number PMID: 21145915 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.11.024 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21145915 Abstract OBJECTIVE: This study examined the prevalence of smoking, the rates of transitions, and predictors of transition through the three stages of smoking. METHODS: A total of 1785 high school students in Tabriz (northwest of Iran) were assessed at 2 time points with a 12-month interval in 2005 and 2006, regarding changes in smoking stages. The predictor variables were measured when the students were in the 10th grade. Logistic regression was employed to predict the different smoking stages at grade 11. RESULTS: The results showed that 14.3% (95% confidence interval, 12.3%-16.4%) and 2.8% (2.0%-4.0%) of the never smokers became experimenters and regular smokers, respectively, whereas 16.5% (12.4%-21.7%) of the experimenters became regular smokers. Among never smokers, participation in groups with at least one smoker (odds ratio, 1.24 (95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.47)), having smoker friends (1.85 (1.21-2.83)), and a positive attitude toward smoking (1.22 (1.02-1.46)) predicted smoking experience. Among the experimenters, those who had general risk behaviors (2.56 (1.12-5.87)) and participated in groups with at least one smoker (2.58 (1.26-5.31)) significantly progressed to becoming a regular smoker at the follow-up. CONCLUSION: Prevention of smoking in adolescence should begin by focusing on the predictors of transition through smoking stages, especially participating in smoker groups. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Mohammadpoorasl,A., Fakhari,A., Shamsipour,M., Rostami,F., Rashidian,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20101209 PMCID Editors
Predictors of short-term success in smoking cessation in relation to attendance at a smoking cessation program	2011	Institute of Social Medicine, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Rooseveltplatz 3, 1090 Wien, Austria. thomas.dorner@meduniwien.ac.at	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 13 Issue 11 Start Page 1068 Other Pages 1075 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9815751; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); 2011/08/10 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 21832273 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntr179 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21832273 Abstract INTRODUCTION: The identification of individual characteristics that predict success in smoking cessation is necessary to improve the effectiveness of smoking cessation efforts. The aim of this study was to identify the factors that predict success in smoking cessation in people who attended 2, 3, 4, or 5 sessions of a smoking cessation program. METHODS: The participants comprised 2,471 people who attended at least 2 consultations during a 5-week smoking cessation program. Success in smoking cessation was defined as self-reported abstinence and having an exhaled carbon monoxide level =10 parts per million at the final consultation. Baseline characteristics were compared using univariate analysis of variance and the chi-square test. A stepwise multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the effect of baseline characteristics and the slopes of the withdrawal symptoms on the success in smoking cessation. RESULTS: Participating in a higher number of sessions gradually increased the chance of smoking cessation from 12.1% to 61.2% (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Dorner,T.E., Trostl,A., Womastek,I., Groman,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110810 PMCID Editors
Investigation of antifungal susceptibilities and some virulence factors of Candida strains isolated from blood cultures and genotyping by RAPD-PCR	2011	Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Aydin, Turkey. gultekinberna@hotmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Mikrobiyoloji bulteni Periodical, Abbrev. Mikrobiyol.Bul. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 45 Issue 2 Start Page 306 Other Pages 317 Notes JID: 7503830; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Virulence Factors); EC 3.1.- (Esterases); EC 3.1.- (Phospholipases); ppublish Place of Publication Turkey ISSN/ISBN 0374-9096; 0374-9096 Accession Number PMID: 21644074 Language tur SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21644074 Abstract Candidemia is a serious clinical picture with a rather high mortality. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment is crucial in this picture especially in immunocompromised cases. The aims of this retrospective study were to investigate the antifungal susceptibility patterns and to detect the presence of phospholipase, esterase and biofilm production which are excepted as virulence factors of Candida spp. strains and to evaluate the clonal relationships between isolates. A total of 46 Candida spp. Strains isolated from blood cultures of patients of whom eight were newborn and 38 were adults, between the period of February 2005 to July 2010, were included in the study. Of the isolates 17 were identified as C.albicans, 18 were C.parapsilosis, five were C.glabrata, four were C.tropicalis, one was C.guilliermondii and one was C.krusei. Antifungal susceptibility tests were performed by using "Sensititre Yeast One (Trek Diagnostic Systems, USA)" commercial kit. Esterase activity was detected in Tween-80 medium; phospholipase activity in yolk egg agar and biofilm formation was investigated by microplate assay. Strain genotyping was performed by RAPD-PCR (random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction) by using OPE-03, OPE-18, AP50-1, Cnd-3 and Cnd-4 primers. All strains were found to be susceptible to amphotericin B, voriconazole, posaconazole, and caspofungin. C.krusei strain was defined as resistant (intrinsically) to fluconazole. All strains of C.albicans, C.parapsilosis, C.glabrata, and C.tropicalis were found to be susceptible to fluconazole. Three of five C.glabrata strains were resistant to itraconazole, while the other strains were found to be susceptible. All of the C.albicans strains had phospholipase and esterase activity, however none were biofilm-producing isolates. In contrast all of the C.parapsilosis strains were negative for phospholipase and esterase activity, however all were positive for biofilm formation. Phospholipase activity has not been detected in non-albicans strains; esterase activity were found positive in all of the C.tropicalis strains, while biofilm formation was detected in three C.tropicalis, one C.glabrata and one C.krusei isolates. The results of genotyping demonstrated that C.albicans strains displayed 5-8 different patterns and C. Parapsilosis strains 2-3 patterns with the use of five primers. Among C.parapsilosis strains, 14 were found identical (with the use of all the primers forming a single pattern (pattern A). In conclusion, the Candida spp. Isolated from blood samples were highly susceptible to the tested antifungals, and C.albicans strains had high phospholipase and esterase activity, while C.parapsilosis strains had high rate of positivity for biofilm formation. The predominant pattern amongst C.parapsilosis strains was thought to be related to exogenous dissemination. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Gultekin,B., Eyigor,M., Tiryaki,Y., Kirdar,S., Aydin,N. Original/Translated Title Kan Kulturlerinden Izole Edilen Candida Suslarinda Antifungal Duyarliligin ve Bazi Virulans Faktorlerinin Arastirilmasi ve RAPD-PCR ile Genotiplendirilmesi URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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