WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
Activities of triazole-echinocandin combinations against Candida species in biofilms and as planktonic cells	2011	3rd Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University, Hippokration Hospital, Konstantinoupoleos 49, GR-54642 Thessaloniki, Greece.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Periodical, Abbrev. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 55 Issue 5 Start Page 1968 Other Pages 1974 Notes LR: 20150204; JID: 0315061; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Pyrimidines); 0 (Triazoles); 6TK1G07BHZ (posaconazole); 9HLM53094I (anidulafungin); F0XDI6ZL63 (caspofungin); JFU09I87TR (Voriconazole); OID: NLM: PMC3088240; 2011/02/22 [aheadofprin Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1098-6596; 0066-4804 Accession Number PMID: 21343465 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1128/AAC.00959-10 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21343465 Abstract Biofilm formation complicates the treatment of various infections caused by Candida species. We investigated the effects of simultaneous or sequential combinations of two triazoles, voriconazole (VRC) and posaconazole (PSC), with two echinocandins, anidulafungin (AND) and caspofungin (CAS), against Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis biofilms in comparison to their planktonic counterparts. Antifungal activity was assessed by the 2,3-bis[2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) metabolic assay. Antifungal-agent interactions were analyzed by the Bliss independence model in the simultaneous-treatment studies and by analysis of variance (ANOVA) in the sequential-treatment studies. Against C. albicans planktonic cells, the simultaneous combination of PSC (32 to 128 mg/liter) and CAS (0.008 to 0.25 mg/liter) was synergistic; the combinations of PSC (128 to 1,024 mg/liter) with AND (0.03 to 0.5 mg/liter) and VRC (32 to 512 mg/liter) with AND (0.008 to 0.03 mg/liter) were antagonistic. Against C. parapsilosis planktonic cells, the interaction between VRC (32 to 1,024 mg/liter) and CAS (1 to 16 mg/liter) was antagonistic. All simultaneous antifungal combinations demonstrated indifferent interactions against biofilms of both Candida species. Damage to biofilms of both species increased (P Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Chatzimoschou,A., Katragkou,A., Simitsopoulou,M., Antachopoulos,C., Georgiadou,E., Walsh,T.J., Roilides,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110222 PMCID PMC3088240 Editors
One-year effects of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on chronic periodontitis	2011	Graduate Periodontics, Saint Louis University Center for Advanced Dental Education, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA. garciamn@slu.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of periodontology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Periodontol. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 82 Issue 1 Start Page 25 Other Pages 32 Notes LR: 20141205; GR: P30 AR057235/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States; GR: R21 DE016918/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/United States; GR: R21 DE016918/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/United States; GR: UL1 RR024992/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States; GR: UL1 RR024992/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1943-3670; 0022-3492 Accession Number PMID: 20809866 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; D; IM DOI 10.1902/jop.2010.100207 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20809866 Abstract BACKGROUND: A previous study reported by this group found that patients in periodontal maintenance programs taking vitamin D and calcium supplementation had a trend for better periodontal health compared to patients not taking supplementation. The objective of the present study is to determine, for the same cohort of subjects, whether such differences persist over a 1-year period. METHODS: Fifty-one patients enrolled in maintenance programs from two dental clinics were recruited. Of these, 23 were taking vitamin D (>/=400 IU/day) and calcium (>/=1,000 mg/day) supplementation, and 28 were not. All subjects had at least two interproximal sites with >/=3 mm clinical attachment loss. For mandibular-posterior teeth, gingival index, plaque index, probing depth, attachment loss, bleeding on probing, calculus index, and furcation involvement were evaluated. Photostimulable-phosphor, posterior bitewing radiographs were taken to assess alveolar bone. Daily vitamin D and calcium intakes were estimated by nutritional analysis. Data were collected at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. RESULTS: Total daily calcium and vitamin D intakes were 1,769 mg (95% confidence interval, 1,606 to 1,933) and 1,049 IU (781 to 1,317) in the taker group, and 642 mg (505 to 779) and 156 IU (117 to 195) in the non-taker group, respectively (P Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Garcia,M.N., Hildebolt,C.F., Miley,D.D., Dixon,D.A., Couture,R.A., Spearie,C.L., Langenwalter,E.M., Shannon,W.D., Deych,E., Mueller,C., Civitelli,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20100901 PMCID PMC3472001 Editors
Secondhand smoke exposure and neurobehavioral disorders among children in the United States	2011	Tobacco Free Research Institute, Dublin, Ireland. halpert@hsph.harvard.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Pediatrics Periodical, Abbrev. Pediatrics Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 128 Issue 2 Start Page 263 Other Pages 270 Notes JID: 0376422; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2011/07/11 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1098-4275; 0031-4005 Accession Number PMID: 21746720 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; AIM; IM DOI 10.1542/peds.2011-0023 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21746720 Abstract OBJECTIVES: The association between parent-reported postnatal secondhand tobacco smoke exposure in the home and neurobehavioral disorders (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, learning disabilities, and conduct disorders) among children younger than 12 years in the United States was examined using the 2007 National Survey on Children's Health. Excess neurobehavioral disorders attributable to secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in the home in 2007 were further investigated. METHODS: The methods used in this study were multivariable logistic regression models that accounted for potential confounders and complex survey designs to evaluate associations. RESULTS: A total of 6% of 55 358 children (aged /=2 childhood neurobehavioral disorders compared with children who were not exposed to SHS. Boys had a significantly higher risk. Older children, especially those aged 9 to 11 years, and those living in households with the highest poverty levels were at greater risk. In absolute terms, 274 100 excess cases in total of these 3 disorders could have been prevented if children had not been exposed to SHS in their homes. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the study, which are associational and not necessarily causal, underscore the health burden of childhood neurobehavioral disorders that may be attributable to SHS exposure in homes in the United States. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kabir,Z., Connolly,G.N., Alpert,H.R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110711 PMCID Editors
Biology and fishery of the lobster Panulirus gracilis in Playa Lagarto, Guanacaste, Costa Rica	2011	helvenn@hotmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Revista de biologia tropical Periodical, Abbrev. Rev.Biol.Trop. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 59 Issue 2 Start Page 619 Other Pages 633 Notes JID: 0404267; ppublish Place of Publication Costa Rica ISSN/ISBN 0034-7744; 0034-7744 Accession Number PMID: 21721230 Language spa SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21721230 Abstract Panulirus gracilis is a high valuable lobster species with considerable captures along the tropical Pacific coast. In this study, I present some biological and fishery parameters described after a sample of 843 lobsters, landed in Playa Lagarto from November 2007 to October 2008. From landing records, a total of 74.9% of lobsters were below the minimum legal catch size (80 mm CL). Carapace lengths were in the range of 42.8 and 143.6 mm for males and 115 and 35.8 mm for females. The size structure showed a wide overlapping of population segments, and a trend to increase with depth, where lung diving and "hooka" diving operations take place. Sex ratio was 1.36 M:H. The relationship between weight and LC revealed that females are heavier than males of the same size, and this difference was significant (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Madrigal,H.N. Original/Translated Title Biologia pesquera de la langosta Panulirus gracilis en Playa Lagarto, Guanacaste, Costa Rica URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effect of maternal tobacco smoking or exposure to second-hand smoke on the levels of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) in urine of mother and the first urine of newborn	2011	Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society Periodical, Abbrev. J.Physiol.Pharmacol. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 62 Issue 3 Start Page 377 Other Pages 383 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9114501; 0 (4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butan-1-ol); 0 (Biomarkers); 0 (Carcinogens); 0 (Nitrosamines); 0 (Pyridines); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); AYI8EX34EU (Creatinine); K5161X06LL (Cotinine); 2011/04 Place of Publication Poland ISSN/ISBN 1899-1505; 0867-5910 Accession Number PMID: 21893699 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21893699 Abstract Tobacco smoking during pregnancy is associated with a variety of negative consequences not only for the mother, but also for the developing fetus. Many studies have shown that carcinogens contained in tobacco smoke permeate across the placenta, and are found in fetus. The aim of the study was to determine the prenatal exposure to tobacco-specific carcinogenic N-nitrosamines on the basis of measurements of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) in urine of smoking and second-hand smoke (SHS) exposed women and in the first urine of their newborns. A questionnaire documenting demographics and socio-economical data, smoking habits and exposure to SHS was completed by 121 delivering women near or at term. Maternal concentrations of cotinine and NNAL were measured in urine of the mother and the first urine of her newborn infant by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The mean concentration of cotinine was 439.2 ng/mg creatinine and NNAL concentration in urine of smoking women was 74.0 pg/mg creatinine, and for her newborn 78.6 pg/mg creatinine. Among mothers exposed to SHS, cotinine and NNAL mean concentration were 23.1 ng/mg creatinine, and 26.4 pg/mg creatinine. In newborns of SHS exposed mothers during pregnancy the mean concentration of NNAL was 34.1 pg/mg creatinine, respectively. Active tobacco smoking as well as passive exposure to smoking during pregnancy is an important source of tobacco specific N-nitrosamines to the fetuses as evidenced by increased concentrations of this carcinogen. Determination of NNAL in maternal urine samples can be a useful biomarker of prenatal exposure of newborn to carcinogenic nitrosamines. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Florek,E., Piekoszewski,W., Basior,A., Merritt,A.T., Mazela,J., Lechowicz,W., Kornacka,M.K., Kramer,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Prevalence of smokeless tobacco use among Canadian youth between 2004 and 2008: findings from the Youth Smoking Survey	2011	Propel Centre for Population Health Impact, Canadian Cancer Society/University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique Periodical, Abbrev. Can.J.Public Health Pub Date Free Form Sep-Oct Volume 102 Issue 5 Start Page 358 Other Pages 363 Notes LR: 20130605; JID: 0372714; ppublish Place of Publication Canada ISSN/ISBN 0008-4263; 0008-4263 Accession Number PMID: 22032102 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22032102 Abstract OBJECTIVES: The current study team sought to understand smokeless tobacco (SLT) usage trends among youth, using nationally representative data collected as part of the Canadian Youth Smoking Survey (YSS) between 2004 and 2008. METHODS: Descriptive analyses of SLT ever use among respondents in grades 6 to 9 were examined according to year of data collection (2008, n = 31,249; 2006, n = 34,050; and 2004, n = 23,362). Using the 2008 data from respondents in grades 6 to 12 (n = 51,922), logistic regression models were used to examine characteristics associated with SLT ever use and current use. RESULTS: Between 2004 and 2008, the prevalence of youth in grades 6 to 9 reporting they have ever tried SLT significantly decreased by 30.8%. In 2008, male students were more likely than females to have tried SLT (OR 4.87, 95% CI 4.34-5.45) or to currently use SLT (OR 4.96, 95% CI 4.12-5.96). There are regional differences in prevalence of SLT use across Canada, with the highest rates in western provinces and the lowest in Quebec. Current smokers were also more likely to use SLT (OR 11.86, 95% CI 10.22-13.76) compared to non-smokers. Older students are more likely to report ever use or current use of SLT. CONCLUSION: The findings from this study demonstrate that in Canada, adolescent SLT use is primarily an issue with males and there are significant regional differences. Ongoing monitoring of SLT is encouraged considering the tobacco industry's recent investments and product development and increased use in countries like the United States. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kennedy,R.D., Leatherdale,S.T., Burkhalter,R., Ahmed,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Smokers who are also using smokeless tobacco products in the US: a national assessment of characteristics, behaviours and beliefs of 'dual users'	2011	Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Mailstop K-50, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. amcclave@cdc.gov	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form May Volume 20 Issue 3 Start Page 239 Other Pages 242 Notes JID: 9209612; 2010/12/19 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 21172853 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1136/tc.2010.039115 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21172853 Abstract BACKGROUND: Marketing and advertising of smokeless tobacco products towards cigarette smokers has increased recently. Because the use of multiple tobacco products is a growing public health concern, the present work assesses the use of smokeless tobacco among cigarette smokers, a behaviour termed as 'dual use', as well as attitudes and beliefs on their 'dual use' of tobacco. METHODS: Data were used from the 2008 Consumer Styles survey, a nationally representative, mail-in survey of consumers in the USA (n=10,108). RESULTS: 'Dual use' was more common among cigarette smokers who were young, white men living in the Midwest or South. The majority of 'dual users' reported using smokeless tobacco in places where they could not smoke (67.7%) and did not believe smokeless tobacco would help in quitting smoking (75.1%). 'Dual users' reported planning to quit within the next 6 months less often than adults who smoke cigarettes exclusively and close to half (42.3%) never plan to quit smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco use is attributed to a number of diseases and deaths worldwide, and cessation of tobacco use can reduce these health risks. The prevalent use of smokeless tobacco in places with smoking restrictions and lack of planning to quit by 'dual users' suggest the need to promote cessation among these users. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors McClave-Regan,A.K., Berkowitz,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20101219 PMCID Editors
Electronic cigarette: users profile, utilization, satisfaction and perceived efficacy	2011	Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. jean-francois.etter@unige.ch	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addiction (Abingdon, England) Periodical, Abbrev. Addiction Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 106 Issue 11 Start Page 2017 Other Pages 2028 Notes LR: 20151119; CI: (c) 2011 The Authors, Addiction (c) 2011; JID: 9304118; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); CIN: Addiction. 2011 Nov;106(11):2029-30. PMID: 21978314; 2011/07/27 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1360-0443; 0965-2140 Accession Number PMID: 21592253 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03505.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21592253 Abstract AIMS: To assess the profile, utilization patterns, satisfaction and perceived effects among users of electronic cigarettes ('e-cigarettes'). DESIGN AND SETTING: Internet survey in English and French in 2010. MEASUREMENTS: Online questionnaire. PARTICIPANTS: Visitors of websites and online discussion forums dedicated to e-cigarettes and to smoking cessation. FINDINGS: There were 3587 participants (70% former tobacco smokers, 61% men, mean age 41 years). The median duration of electronic cigarette use was 3 months, users drew 120 puffs/day and used five refills/day. Almost all (97%) used e-cigarettes containing nicotine. Daily users spent $33 per month on these products. Most (96%) said the e-cigarette helped them to quit smoking or reduce their smoking (92%). Reasons for using the e-cigarette included the perception that it was less toxic than tobacco (84%), to deal with craving for tobacco (79%) and withdrawal symptoms (67%), to quit smoking or avoid relapsing (77%), because it was cheaper than smoking (57%) and to deal with situations where smoking was prohibited (39%). Most ex-smokers (79%) feared they might relapse to smoking if they stopped using the e-cigarette. Users of nicotine-containing e-cigarettes reported better relief of withdrawal and a greater effect on smoking cessation than those using non-nicotine e-cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS: E-cigarettes were used much as people would use nicotine replacement medications: by former smokers to avoid relapse or as an aid to cut down or quit smoking. Further research should evaluate the safety and efficacy of e-cigarettes for administration of nicotine and other substances, and for quitting and relapse prevention. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Society for the Study of Addiction Data Source Authors Etter,J.F., Bullen,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110727 PMCID Editors
Effects of 24 hours of tobacco withdrawal and subsequent tobacco smoking among low and high sensation seekers	2011	Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503, USA. dclee2@email.uky.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 13 Issue 10 Start Page 943 Other Pages 954 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: P50 DA05312/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); OID: NLM: PMC3179670; 2011/06/20 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 21690318 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntr102 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21690318 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have indicated that high sensation seekers are more sensitive to the reinforcing effects of nicotine, initiate smoking at an earlier age, and smoke greater amounts of cigarettes. This study examined the influence of sensation-seeking status on tobacco smoking following deprivation in regular tobacco users. METHODS: Twenty healthy tobacco-smoking volunteers with low or high impulsive sensation-seeking subscale scores completed 2 consecutive test days per week for 3 consecutive weeks. Each week, a range of self-report, performance, and cardiovascular assessments were completed during ad libitum smoking on Day 1 and before and after the paced smoking of a tobacco cigarette containing 0.05, 0.6, or 0.9 mg of nicotine following 24 hr of tobacco deprivation on Day 2. In addition, self-administration behavior was analyzed during a 2-hr free access period after the initial tobacco administration. RESULTS: In high sensation seekers, tobacco smoking independent of nicotine yield ameliorated deprivation effects, whereas amelioration of deprivation effects was dependent on nicotine yield among low sensation seekers. However, this effect was limited to a small subset of measures. Subsequent cigarette self-administration increased in a nicotine-dependent manner for high sensation seekers only. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with low sensation seekers, high sensation seekers were more sensitive to the withdrawal relieving effects of nonnicotine components of smoking following 24 hr of deprivation on selective measures and more sensitive to nicotine yield during subsequent tobacco self-administration. These results are consistent with studies suggesting that factors driving tobacco dependence may vary as a function of sensation-seeking status. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lee,D.C., Perkins,K.A., Zimmerman,E., Robbins,G., Kelly,T.H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110620 PMCID PMC3179670 Editors
Effects of twice-ambient carbon dioxide and nitrogen amendment on biomass, nutrient contents and carbon costs of Norway spruce seedlings as influenced by mycorrhization with Piloderma croceum and Tomentellopsis submollis	2011	Department of Biology I and GeoBio-Center (LMU), Division of Organismic Biology: Mycology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Menzinger Str. 67, 80638, Munich, Germany. weigt@wzw.tum.de	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Mycorrhiza Periodical, Abbrev. Mycorrhiza Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 21 Issue 5 Start Page 375 Other Pages 391 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 100955036; 142M471B3J (Carbon Dioxide); N762921K75 (Nitrogen); 2010/05/29 [received]; 2010/10/26 [accepted]; 2010/11/24 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1432-1890; 0940-6360 Accession Number PMID: 21107870 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1007/s00572-010-0343-1 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21107870 Abstract Elevated tropospheric CO(2) concentrations may increase plant carbon fixation. In ectomycorrhizal trees, a considerable portion of the synthesized carbohydrates can be used to support the mutualistic fungal root partner which in turn can benefit the tree by increased nutrient supply. In this study, Norway spruce seedlings were inoculated with either Piloderma croceum (medium distance "fringe" exploration type) or Tomentellopsis submollis (medium distance "smooth" exploration type). We studied the impact of either species regarding fungal biomass production, seedling biomass, nutrient status and nutrient use efficiency in rhizotrons under ambient and twice-ambient CO(2) concentrations. A subset was amended with ammonium nitrate to prevent nitrogen imbalances expected under growth promotion by elevated CO(2). The two fungal species exhibited considerably different influences on growth, biomass allocation as well as nutrient uptake of spruce seedlings. P. croceum increased nutrient supply and promoted plant growth more strongly than T. submollis despite considerably higher carbon costs. In contrast, seedlings with T. submollis showed higher nutrient use efficiency, i.e. produced plant biomass per received unit of nutrient, particularly for P, K and Mg, thereby promoting shoot growth and reducing the root/shoot ratio. Under the given low soil nutrient availability, P. croceum proved to be a more favourable fungal partner for seedling development than T. submollis. Additionally, plant internal allocation of nutrients was differently influenced by the two ECM fungal species, particularly evident for P in shoots and for Ca in roots. Despite slightly increased ECM length and biomass production, neither of the two species had increased its capacity of nutrient uptake in proportion to the rise of CO(2). This lead to imbalances in nutritional status with reduced nutrient concentrations, particularly in seedlings with P. croceum. The beneficial effect of P. croceum thus diminished, although the nutrient status of its host plants was still above that of plants with T. submollis. We conclude that the imbalances of nutrient status in response to elevated CO(2) at early stages of plant development are likely to prove particularly severe at nutrient-poor soils as the increased growth of ECM cannot cover the enhanced nutrient demand. Hyphal length and biomass per unit of ectomycorrhizal length as determined for the first time for P. croceum amounted to 6.9 m cm(-1) and 6.0 mug cm(-1), respectively, across all treatments. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Weigt,R.B., Raidl,S., Verma,R., Rodenkirchen,H., Gottlein,A., Agerer,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20101124 PMCID Editors

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