Image
WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year Sort ascending | Author | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tris{4-[(2H-tetra-zol-5-yl)meth-yl]morpholinium} dodeca-tungstophosphate hexa-hydrate | 2011 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Acta crystallographica.Section E, Structure reports online
Periodical, Abbrev.
Acta Crystallogr.Sect.E.Struct.Rep.Online
Pub Date Free Form
5-Feb
Volume
67
Issue
Pt 3
Start Page
m301
Other Pages
2
Notes
LR: 20111209; JID: 101089178; OID: NLM: PMC3052096; 2010/12/01 [received]; 2011/01/29 [accepted]; 2011/02/05 [epublish]; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1600-5368; 1600-5368
Accession Number
PMID: 21522240
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
10.1107/S1600536811003734 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21522240
Abstract
The title heteropolyoxidotungstate-based inorganic-organic hybrid material, (C(6)H(12)N(5)O)(3)[W(12)(PO(4))O(36)].6H(2)O, consists of one alpha-Keggin-type [W(12)(PO(4))O(36)](3-) polyoxidometalate anion (POM), three crystallographically independent 4-[(2H-tetra-zol-5-yl)meth-yl]morpholinium cations and six water mol-ecules of crystallization. The morpholine ring of the cation adopts a chair conformation. The anion shows characteristic features with respect to bond lengths and angles. An extensive network of N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO, N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN, O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO and O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN hydrogen-bonding inter-actions between the organic cations, inorganic anion and the crystal water mol-ecules lead to a three-dimensional structure. Moreover, six uncoordinated water mol-ecules increase the number of hydrogen bonds in the network and lead to the formation of (H(2)O)(infinity) clusters.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Feizyzadeh,B., Mirzaei,M., Eshtiagh-Hosseini,H., Gholizadeh,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20110205
PMCID
PMC3052096
Editors
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| Waterpipe tobacco use among Iranian university students: correlates and perceived reasons for use | 2011 | Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
Periodical, Abbrev.
Int.J.Tuberc.Lung Dis.
Pub Date Free Form
Jun
Volume
15
Issue
6
Start Page
844
Other Pages
847
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 9706389; 059QF0KO0R (Water); ppublish
Place of Publication
France
ISSN/ISBN
1815-7920; 1027-3719
Accession Number
PMID: 21575309
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Multicenter Study; IM
DOI
10.5588/ijtld.10.0744 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21575309
Abstract
SETTING: Waterpipe smoking is becoming a global health crisis among youth. OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence of waterpipe use among Iranian university students and to explore perceived reasons for use. METHODS: A random sample of 1024 university students at two major universities in South Iran was enrolled in the study. A three-part questionnaire (baseline data, tobacco smoking status and perceived reasons for waterpipe use) was used. Students filled out the self-administered questionnaire in their classrooms. RESULTS: The prevalence of waterpipe smoking in the respondents' lifetime and in the last 30 days was 42.5% and 18.7%, respectively. The mean age at initiation of waterpipe smoking was 16.3 +/- 3.2 years. Ever smoking was positively associated with age and male sex, whereas no association was found regarding marital status. The highest odds of lifetime waterpipe smoking were observed in students with close friends who smoked the waterpipe (5.94, 95%CI 4.26-8.30). The most important perceived reason for waterpipe smoking as stated by students was enjoyment (55.8%). CONCLUSION: Given the alarming prevalence of waterpipe smoking, preventive measures should be adopted among university students taking into account the influence of peers, siblings and parents in the lessening social tolerance of waterpipe smoking.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Sabahy,A.R., Divsalar,K., Bahreinifar,S., Marzban,M., Nakhaee,N.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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| Polydopamine supported preparation method for solid-phase microextraction coatings on stainless steel wire | 2011 | Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, CAS/Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18 Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of chromatography.A
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Chromatogr.A
Pub Date Free Form
10-Jun
Volume
1218
Issue
23
Start Page
3601
Other Pages
3607
Notes
LR: 20131121; CI: Copyright (c) 2011; JID: 9318488; 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Soil); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 059QF0KO0R (Water); 12597-68-1 (Stainless Steel); 660YQ98I10 (Potassium Chloride); 91D9GV0Z28 (Durapatite); VTD58H1Z2X (Do
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1873-3778; 0021-9673
Accession Number
PMID: 21531422
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.chroma.2011.04.018 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21531422
Abstract
In this paper, we introduced a novel and versatile route to prepare solid-phase microextraction coatings on the chemically inert stainless steel wire. Polydopamine films can be created on metallic substrates by an oxidant-induced polymerization and subsequently support various secondary reactions to prepare functional surfaces. In the present work, polydopamine-bioactivated stainless steel wire was successfully modified by nanostructured hydroxyapatite. Extraction performance of the fiber was assessed on several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water solutions. Extraction mechanism was suggested based on the correlation of partition coefficients and LogPs. Both aqueous and solid real life samples were used to test the reliability of the solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography method; some analytes were detected and quantified.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier B.V
Data Source
Authors
Feng,J., Sun,M., Li,J., Xu,L., Liu,X., Jiang,S.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20110414
PMCID
Editors
|
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| Phenotypic and genotypic analyses of lactic acid bacteria in local fermented food, breast milk and faeces of mothers and their babies | 2011 | Lehrstuhl fur Technische Mikrobiologie, Technische Universitat Munchen, Weihenstephaner Steig 16, 85350 Freising, Germany. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Systematic and applied microbiology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Syst.Appl.Microbiol.
Pub Date Free Form
Apr
Volume
34
Issue
2
Start Page
148
Other Pages
155
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2011; JID: 8306133; 2010/11/05 [received]; 2010/12/20 [revised]; 2010/12/21 [accepted]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Germany
ISSN/ISBN
1618-0984; 0723-2020
Accession Number
PMID: 21300508
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.syapm.2010.12.001 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21300508
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are generally accepted as beneficial to the host and their presence is directly influenced by ingestion of fermented food or probiotics. While the intestinal lactic microbiota is well-described knowledge on its routes of inoculation and competitiveness towards selective pressure shaping the intestinal microbiota is limited. In this study, LAB were isolated from faecal samples of breast feeding mothers living in Syria, from faeces of their infants, from breast milk as well as from fermented food, typically consumed in Syria. A total of 700 isolates were characterized by genetic fingerprinting with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and identified by comparative 16S rDNA sequencing and Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) analyses. Thirty six different species of Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Weissella and Pediococcus were identified. RAPD and MALDI-TOF-MS patterns allowed comparison of the lactic microbiota on species and strain level. Whereas some species were unique for one source, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactobacillus brevis were found in all sources. Interestingly, identical RAPD genotypes of L. plantarum, L. fermentum, L. brevis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis and P. pentosaceus were found in the faeces of mothers, her milk and in faeces of her babies. Diversity of RAPD types found in food versus human samples suggests the importance of host factors in colonization and individual host specificity, and support the hypothesis that there is a vertical transfer of intestinal LAB from the mother's gut to her milk and through the milk to the infant's gut.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier GmbH
Data Source
Authors
Albesharat,R., Ehrmann,M.A., Korakli,M., Yazaji,S., Vogel,R.F.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
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| The microbial diversity of water kefir | 2011 | Lehrstuhl fur Technische Mikrobiologie, Weihenstephaner Steig 16, 85350 Freising, Germany. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
International journal of food microbiology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Int.J.Food Microbiol.
Pub Date Free Form
15-Dec
Volume
151
Issue
3
Start Page
284
Other Pages
288
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2011; JID: 8412849; 0 (DNA, Ribosomal); 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S); 2011/04/27 [received]; 2011/09/09 [revised]; 2011/09/18 [accepted]; 2011/09/24 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1879-3460; 0168-1605
Accession Number
PMID: 22000549
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.09.016 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22000549
Abstract
The microbial diversity of water kefir, made from a mixture of water, dried figs, a slice of lemon and sucrose was studied. The microbial consortia residing in the granules of three water kefirs of different origins were analyzed. A collection of 453 bacterial isolates was obtained on different selective/differential media. Bacterial isolates were grouped with randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR analyses. One representative of each RAPD genotype was identified by comparative 16S rDNA gene sequencing. The predominant genus in water kefirs I and II was Lactobacillus, which accounted for 82.1% in water kefir I and 72.1% in water kefir II of the bacterial isolates. The most abundant species in water kefirs I and II were Lactobacillus hordei and Lb. nagelii followed by considerably lower numbers of Lb. casei. Other lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Lc. citreum in all three water kefirs. The most abundant species in water kefir III was Lc. mesenteroides (28%) and Lc. citreum (24.3%). A total of 57 LAB belonging to the species of Lb. casei, Lb. hordei, Lb. nagelii, Lb. hilgardii and Lc. mesenteroides were able to produce exopolysacchrides from sucrose. Non LABs were identified as Acetobacter fabarum and Ac. orientalis. The Acetobacter species were more prevalent in consortium III. Cluster analyses of RAPD-PCR patterns revealed an interspecies diversity among the Lactobacillus and Acetobacter strains. Aditionally, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lachancea fermentati, Hanseniaospora valbyensis and Zygotorulaspora florentina were isolated and identified by comparison of partial 26S rDNA sequences and FTIR spectroscopy.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
. Published by Elsevier B.V
Data Source
Authors
Gulitz,A., Stadie,J., Wenning,M., Ehrmann,M.A., Vogel,R.F.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20110924
PMCID
Editors
|
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| Identifying addictive behaviors among adolescents: a school-based survey | 2011 | Centre de tabacologie, hopital europeen Georges-Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Archives de Pediatrie : Organe Officiel de la Societe Francaise de Pediatrie
Periodical, Abbrev.
Arch.Pediatr.
Pub Date Free Form
Jul
Volume
18
Issue
7
Start Page
737
Other Pages
744
Notes
LR: 20151119; CI: Copyright (c) 2011; JID: 9421356; 2010/09/30 [received]; 2011/02/04 [revised]; 2011/04/19 [accepted]; 2011/06/08 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
France
ISSN/ISBN
1769-664X; 0929-693X
Accession Number
PMID: 21652184
Language
fre
SubFile
English Abstract; Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.arcped.2011.04.019 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21652184
Abstract
French epidemiological data show that adolescents today experiment with tobacco at an earlier age than in the 1990s. Half of them combine tobacco consumption with other psychoactive products such as alcohol or cannabis. Tobacco consumption usually begins in adolescence and early smoking initiation is related to stronger nicotine dependence and problems quitting in adulthood. Occasional tobacco consumption rapidly leads to nicotine dependence. The national smoking cessation questionnaire is a tool to assess addictive behaviors among adolescents. It includes validated scales such as the loss of autonomy over tobacco and psychological evaluation. The aim of this school-based study was to assess addictive behaviors among adolescents (specifically loss of autonomy over tobacco) and psychological profile. Data were collected from a cross-sectional study conducted in a high school in the Paris metropolitan area (Nogent-sur-Marne) in 2007 by the smoking cessation team of the Albert-Chenevier Hospital. Three hundred adolescents filled in a questionnaire concerning tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis consumption as well as their psychological profile. Loss of autonomy over tobacco use was evaluated with the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist (HONC). Anxiety and depressive disorders were identified using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HAD). Self-administered questionnaires were anonymously completed in the classroom by 151 girls and 149 boys aged 15-16 years (mean, 15.4 years): 34% of the adolescents smoked and most of them smoked at least one cigarette a day; 38% had used cannabis at least once in their life and one-third of them smoked more than 10 cannabis joints per month. Adolescents who frequently smoked cannabis had started smoking tobacco earlier than the other smokers (mean, 11.7 years versus 13.2 years). Adolescents often used different tobacco products. Manufactured cigarettes were the most frequently used, followed by shisha (waterpipe) and hand-rolled cigarettes. Among those who only smoked shisha, 76% had declared being non-smokers. Alcohol was the first psychoactive drug experimented by these adolescents; 73% had used alcohol at least once in their life and 10% used alcohol several times a week. According to the HONC, 94% of the smokers had lost control of their tobacco consumption. Concerning anxiety and depressive disorders, anxiety and depression scores were higher among smokers than non-smokers. Less than 6% of never-smokers had a depression score greater than 8 compared to 26% of adolescents smoking cannabis more than 10 times a month. The rapidity of the loss of autonomy among young smokers emphasizes the need for early interventions for tobacco prevention and cessation among adolescents. Tobacco use was often associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms, suggesting a need for professional support. The national smoking cessation questionnaire may be helpful in pediatric wards and consultations.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Masson SAS
Data Source
Authors
Cheron-Launay,M., Baha,M., Mautrait,C., Lagrue,G., Le Faou,A.L.
Original/Translated Title
Reperer les comportements addictifs chez les adolescents : enquete en milieu lyceen
URL
Date of Electronic
20110608
PMCID
Editors
|
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| Electropolymerized multiwalled carbon nanotubes/polypyrrole fiber for solid-phase microextraction and its applications in the determination of pyrethroids | 2011 | Department of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, Wuyi University, Fujian 354300, China. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Talanta
Periodical, Abbrev.
Talanta
Pub Date Free Form
15-Mar
Volume
84
Issue
1
Start Page
104
Other Pages
108
Notes
LR: 20131121; CI: Copyright (c) 2011; JID: 2984816R; 0 (Nanotubes, Carbon); 0 (Polymers); 0 (Pyrethrins); 0 (Pyrroles); 059QF0KO0R (Water); 12597-68-1 (Stainless Steel); 30604-81-0 (polypyrrole); 2010/09/14 [received]; 2010/12/07 [revised]; 2010/12/17 [ac
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1873-3573; 0039-9140
Accession Number
PMID: 21315905
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.talanta.2010.12.027 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21315905
Abstract
A novel solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber coated with multiwalled carbon nanotubes/polypyrrole (MWCNTs/Ppy) was prepared with an electrochemical method and used for the extraction of pyrethroids in natural water samples. The results showed that the MWCNTs/Ppy coated fiber had high organic stability, and remarkable acid and alkali resistance. In addition, the MWCNTs/Ppy coated fiber was more effective and superior to commercial PDMS and PDMS/DVD fibers in extracting pyrethroids in natural water samples. Under optimized conditions, the calibration curves were found to be linear from 0.001 to 10 mug mL(-1) for five of the six pyrethroids studied, the exception being fenvalerate (which was from 0.005 to 10 mug mL(-1)), and detection limits were within the range 0.12-0.43 ng mL(-1). The recoveries of the pyrethroids spiked in water samples at 10 ng mL(-1) ranged from 83 to 112%.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier B.V
Data Source
Authors
Chen,L., Chen,W., Ma,C., Du,D., Chen,X.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20101229
PMCID
Editors
|
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| Substance use and its predictors among undergraduate medical students of Addis Ababa University in Ethiopia | 2011 | Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia. deressaw@yahoo.com | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
BMC public health
Periodical, Abbrev.
BMC Public Health
Pub Date Free Form
22-Aug
Volume
11
Issue
Start Page
660
Other Pages
2458-11-660
Notes
LR: 20150204; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC3170623; 2011/03/31 [received]; 2011/08/22 [accepted]; 2011/08/22 [aheadofprint]; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1471-2458; 1471-2458
Accession Number
PMID: 21859483
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1186/1471-2458-11-660 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21859483
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Substance use remains high among Ethiopian youth and young adolescents particularly in high schools and colleges. The use of alcohol, khat and tobacco by college and university students can be harmful; leading to decreased academic performance, increased risk of contracting HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases. However, the magnitude of substance use and the factors associated with it has not been investigated among medical students in the country. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of substance use and identify factors that influenced the behavior among undergraduate medical students of Addis Ababa University in Ethiopia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study using a pre-tested structured self-administered quantitative questionnaire was conducted in June 2009 among 622 medical students (Year I to Internship program) at the School of Medicine. The data were entered into Epi Info version 6.04d and analyzed using SPSS version 15 software program. Descriptive statistics were used for data summarization and presentation. Differences in proportions were compared for significance using Chi Square test, with significance level set at p
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Deressa,W., Azazh,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20110822
PMCID
PMC3170623
Editors
|
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| The global epidemic of waterpipe smoking | 2011 | School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Browning Hall 112, 3820 DeSoto Avenue, Memphis, TN 38152-3340, United States. wmaziak@memphis.edu | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Addictive Behaviors
Periodical, Abbrev.
Addict.Behav.
Pub Date Free Form
Jan-Feb
Volume
36
Issue
2-Jan
Start Page
1
Other Pages
5
Notes
LR: 20141202; CI: Copyright (c) 2010; GR: R01 DA024876/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA024876/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7603486; 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); NIHMS234502; OID: NLM: NIHMS234502; OID: NLM: PMC4135081; 2010/07/15 [receive
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1873-6327; 0306-4603
Accession Number
PMID: 20888700
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Review; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.08.030 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
20888700
Abstract
In the past decade waterpipe (WP) smoking (a.k.a. hookah, shisha, and narghile) has been steadily spreading among the youth around the world. The allure of this tobacco use method for the youth can stem from its pleasant smooth smoke, social ambience and the perception of reduced harm. The material in this review is based on detailed Medline search for articles appearing especially in the past two years that are of relevance to WP epidemiology, health and addictive effects, and WP-related tobacco control policies. It shows that WP smoking is continuing to spread among the youth worldwide, and perhaps represents the second global tobacco epidemic since the cigarette. Available evidence suggests that the prevalence of current (past month) WP smoking range from 6 to 34% among Middle Eastern adolescents, 5%-17% among American adolescents, and that WP use is increasing globally. Studies on the health effects of WP smoking are limited by methodological quality, as well as by the novelty of WP epidemic relative to the long latency of important smoking-related health outcomes. Still, research indicates substantial WP harmful effects similar to those of cigarettes, as well as to the potential of providing a bridge to cigarette smoking or relapse. Developing effective interventions to curb WP use among the youth requires a detailed understanding of how dependence develops in WP users, and how it is shaped by WP's unique features such as the following; the predominantly intermittent use with prolonged sessions, preparation time, accessibility, potent sensory cues, and convivial experience of group use. It also requires assessing effective policy options such as factual and visible health warnings on all its parts, as well as youth access and indoor smoking restrictions. WP smoking is currently showing all signs of a burgeoning global epidemic with serious implications for public health and tobacco control worldwide. Investment in research and policy initiatives to understand and curb WP use needs to become a public health priority.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Data Source
Authors
Maziak,W.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20101008
PMCID
PMC4135081
Editors
|
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| Levels of household particulate matter and environmental tobacco smoke exposure in the first year of life for a cohort at risk for asthma in urban Syracuse, NY | 2011 | Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0049, USA. hunt@uta.edu | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Environment international
Periodical, Abbrev.
Environ.Int.
Pub Date Free Form
Oct
Volume
37
Issue
7
Start Page
1196
Other Pages
1205
Notes
LR: 20131121; CI: Copyright (c) 2011; JID: 7807270; 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); K5161X06LL (Cotinine); 2010/11/25 [received]; 2011/04/21 [accepted]; 2011/05/28 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1873-6750; 0160-4120
Accession Number
PMID: 21620473
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.envint.2011.04.013 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21620473
Abstract
The Syracuse, NY, AUDIT (Assessment of Urban Dwellings for Indoor Toxics) study was designed to quantify asthma agent levels in the inner-city homes of a birth cohort whose mothers had a diagnosis of asthma. Risk of exposure to particulate matter (PM), particle number and tobacco smoke was assessed in 103 infants' homes. Repeat measurements were made in 44% of the homes. Infants also were examined on a quarterly basis during the first year of life to monitor their respiratory health and urine cotinine levels. Overall geometric mean (GM) values for PM(2.5) of 21.2 mug/m(3) and for PM(10) of 31.8 mug/m(3) were recorded in homes at visit 1. GM values for PM(2.5) and PM(10) in smoking homes were higher at 26.3 and 37.7 mug/m(3), while values in non-smoking homes were 12.7 and 21.2 mug/m(3) respectively. Fifty-four percent of mothers (55/103) smoked at some point in pregnancy (39% smoked throughout pregnancy). Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure occurred in 68% of homes during the infants' first year. Significant to this study was the size- and time-resolved monitoring of PM at 140 home visits and the classification of PM count data. PM number counts ranged from continuously low levels (little indoor activity) to continuously high counts (constant indoor activity), and recorded apparent instances of prolonged repeated cigarette smoking. Wheezing in the first year of life was recorded for 38% of the infants (39/103). Adjusted logistic regression modeling demonstrated that elevated levels of indoor PM(2.5) (>/= 15 mug/m(3)) were a significant risk factor for infant wheezing after controlling for infant gender, mothers' age and education level, season of home visit and presence of carpeting (OR 4.21; 95% CI 1.36-13.03; p=0.013). An elevated level of the nicotine metabolite cotinine in infant urine also was associated with infant wheezing after adjusting for infant gender, mothers' age and education level (OR 5.10; 95% CI 0.96-27.24; p=0.057). ETS exposure was pervasive in the AUDIT cohort and a risk for developing infants in this urban population.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Data Source
Authors
Hunt,A., Crawford,J.A., Rosenbaum,P.F., Abraham,J.L.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20110528
PMCID
Editors
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