WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
The rise in narghile (shisha, hookah) waterpipe tobacco smoking: a qualitative study of perceptions of smokers and non smokers	2011	Department of Health Promotion and Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 14-May Volume 11 Issue Start Page 315 Other Pages 2458-11-315 Notes LR: 20150204; JID: 100968562; 059QF0KO0R (Water); OID: NLM: PMC3112129; 2010/08/18 [received]; 2011/05/14 [accepted]; 2011/05/14 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 21569577 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-11-315 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21569577 Abstract BACKGROUND: The prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) in the Middle East region and worldwide is increasing. There is evidence to indicate both short term and long term health effects of WTS, resulting in the issuance of an advisory note by the World Health Organization. METHODS: This research aimed at gaining an in-depth understanding of the factors contributing to the rise in WTS in Lebanon. Qualitative focus groups (25) and in-depth interviews (9) were conducted with adults in Lebanon in 2007. Participants were recruited to represent diversity in smoking status, gender, age groups and urban/rural residence. The interviews and focus groups were thematically analyzed, and recurrent themes noted and summarized. RESULTS: The main themes identified were availability, affordability, innovation, influence of media, lack of a policy framework, and the sensory characteristics evoked from WTS. Men and women, smokers and non-smokers, and younger and older participants differed in their emphases on the above themes. These themes, though specific to waterpipe, are similar to themes manipulated by the cigarette industry, and eventually controlled through tobacco control policies. CONCLUSIONS: Understanding reasons behind the rise in waterpipe tobacco use is important if appropriate prevention, cessation, and policy interventions are to be formulated. Strict adherence to the FCTC is warranted, with careful and vigilant attention that all tobacco products are covered by laws in both high as well as middle to lower income countries. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Nakkash,R.T., Khalil,J., Afifi,R.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110514 PMCID PMC3112129 Editors
Prevalence, distribution and correlates of tobacco smoking and chewing in Nepal: a secondary data analysis of Nepal Demographic and Health Survey-2006	2011	Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. chandrashekharats@yahoo.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy Periodical, Abbrev. Subst.Abuse Treat.Prev.Policy. Pub Date Free Form 20-Dec Volume 6 Issue Start Page 33 Other Pages 597X-6-33 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 101258060; OID: NLM: PMC3266635; 2011/09/28 [received]; 2011/12/20 [accepted]; 2011/12/20 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1747-597X; 1747-597X Accession Number PMID: 22185233 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1186/1747-597X-6-33 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22185233 Abstract BACKGROUND: Nearly four-fifths of estimated 1.1 million smokers live in low or middle-income countries. We aimed to provide national estimates for Nepal on tobacco use prevalence, its distribution across demographic, socio-economic and spatial variables and correlates of tobacco use. METHODS: A secondary data analysis of 2006 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) was done. A representative sample of 9,036 households was selected by two-stage stratified, probability proportional to size (PPS) technique. We constructed three outcome variables 'tobacco smoke', 'tobacco chewer' and 'any tobacco use' based on four questions about tobacco use that were asked in DHS questionnaires. Socio-economic, demographic and spatial predictor variables were used. We computed overall prevalence for 'tobacco smoking', 'tobacco chewing' and 'any tobacco use' i.e. point estimates of prevalence rates, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after adjustment for strata and clustering at primary sampling unit (PSU) level. For correlates of tobacco use, we used multivariate analysis to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and their 95% CIs. A p-value Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Sreeramareddy,C.T., Ramakrishnareddy,N., Harsha Kumar,H., Sathian,B., Arokiasamy,J.T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20111220 PMCID PMC3266635 Editors
Quitting smoking among adults--United States, 2001-2010	2011		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep. Pub Date Free Form 11-Nov Volume 60 Issue 44 Start Page 1513 Other Pages 1519 Notes LR: 20120330; JID: 7802429; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1545-861X; 0149-2195 Accession Number PMID: 22071589 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI mm6044a2 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22071589 Abstract Quitting smoking is beneficial to health at any age, and cigarette smokers who quit before age 35 years have mortality rates similar to those who never smoked. From 1965 to 2010, the prevalence of cigarette smoking among adults in the United States decreased from 42.4% to 19.3%, in part because of an increase in the number who quit smoking. Since 2002, the number of former U.S. smokers has exceeded the number of current smokers. Mass media campaigns, increases in the prices of tobacco products, and smoke-free policies have been shown to increase smoking cessation. In addition, brief cessation advice by health-care providers; individual, group, and telephone counseling; and cessation medications are effective cessation treatments. To determine the prevalence of 1) current interest in quitting smoking, 2) successful recent smoking cessation, 3) recent use of cessation treatments, and 4) trends in quit attempts over a 10-year period, CDC analyzed data from the 2001--2010 National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS). This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which found that, in 2010, 68.8% of adult smokers wanted to stop smoking, 52.4% had made a quit attempt in the past year, 6.2% had recently quit, 48.3% had been advised by a health professional to quit, and 31.7% had used counseling and/or medications when they tried to quit. The prevalence of quit attempts increased during 2001--2010 among smokers aged 25--64 years, but not among other age groups. Health-care providers should identify smokers and offer them brief cessation advice at each visit; counseling and medication should be offered to patients willing to make a quit attempt. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Detailed comparison of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata biofilms under different conditions and their susceptibility to caspofungin and anidulafungin	2011	Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of medical microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Med.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 60 Issue Pt 9 Start Page 1261 Other Pages 1269 Notes LR: 20130527; JID: 0224131; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Culture Media); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Fungal Proteins); 0 (Polystyrenes); 9HLM53094I (anidulafungin); F0XDI6ZL63 (caspofungin); 2011/05/12 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1473-5644; 0022-2615 Accession Number PMID: 21566087 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1099/jmm.0.032037-0 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21566087 Abstract Candida biofilm development can be influenced by diverse factors such as substrate, culture medium, carbohydrate source and pH. We have analysed biofilm formation of Candida albicans SC5314 and Candida glabrata ATCC 2001 wild-type strains in the presence of different media (RPMI 1640 versus YNB) and using different pH values (pH 5.6 or 7.0). We determined adhesion and biofilm formation on polystyrene, changes in the expression of adhesin genes during these processes and the susceptibility of mature biofilms to echinocandins. Biofilms formed on polystyrene by both Candida species proved to be influenced strongly by the composition of the medium rather than pH. C. albicans and C. glabrata formed thicker biofilms in RPMI 1640 medium, whereas in YNB medium, both species manifested adhesion rather than characteristic multilayer biofilm architecture. The stimulated biofilm formation in RPMI 1640 medium at pH 7.0 corroborated positively with increased expression of adhesin genes, essential to biofilm formation in vitro, including ALS3 and EAP1 in C. albicans and EPA6 in C. glabrata. The thicker biofilms grown in RPMI 1640 medium were more tolerant to caspofungin and anidulafungin than YNB-grown biofilms. We also observed that mature C. glabrata biofilms were less susceptible in RPMI 1640 medium to echinocandins than C. albicans biofilms. Environmental conditions, i.e. medium and pH, can significantly affect not only biofilm architecture, but also the expression profile of several genes involved during the different stages of biofilm development. In addition, growth conditions may also influence the antifungal-susceptibility profile of fungal populations within biofilm structures. Therefore, before designing any experimental biofilm set-up, it is important to consider the potential influence of external environmental factors on Candida biofilm development. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kucharikova,S., Tournu,H., Lagrou,K., Van Dijck,P., Bujdakova,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110512 PMCID Editors
Bond strength of adhesive systems to Er,Cr:YSGG laser-irradiated dentin	2011	Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Campinas State University, SP, Brazil.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Photomedicine and laser surgery Periodical, Abbrev. Photomed.Laser Surg. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 29 Issue 11 Start Page 747 Other Pages 752 Notes LR: 20141120; JID: 101222340; 0 (Dentin-Bonding Agents); 2011/09/16 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1557-8550; 1549-5418 Accession Number PMID: 21923283 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1089/pho.2010.2983 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21923283 Abstract OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation and different adhesive procedures on bond strength of two bonding agents to dentin. BACKGROUND DATA: Studies have shown that laser-irradiated dentinal tissue yields lower bond strengths than does nonirradiated dentin. In this study, different treatment methods of laser irradiating dentin were studied to enhance the bond strength of bonding agents to nonirradiated dentin. METHODS: Third molars were wet ground with SiC until the occlusal flat dentin surface was exposed, and the teeth were randomly assigned to six groups (n=5). A two-step self-etching primer (Clearfil SE Bond, G1) and a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive (Single Bond Plus, G2) were applied to the nonirradiated dentin surface according to manufacturer's instructions, as control groups. In G3 and G4, the same adhesives were applied after Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation, whereas in G5 and G6 adhesives were applied after Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation, phosphoric acid etching, and NaOCl deproteinization of etched dentin. The Er,Cr:YSGG laser worked at 2.78??m and the repetition rate was fixed at 20?Hz. Composite blocks were built on bonded surfaces and the teeth were stored for 24?h at 37?C. Restored teeth were vertically and serially sectioned to obtain bonded specimens for the bond strength test. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey test (?=5%). RESULTS: Laser irradiation reduced bond strengths for the two adhesives, regardless of acid etching and deproteinization of dentin post-irradiation (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Carvalho,A.O., Reis,A.F., de Oliveira,M.T., de Freitas,P.C., Aranha,A.C., Eduardo Cde,P., Giannini,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110916 PMCID Editors
A 1:1 co-crystal of the herbicide triflusulfuron-methyl and its degradation product triazine amine	2011	Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Acta crystallographica.Section E, Structure reports online Periodical, Abbrev. Acta Crystallogr.Sect.E.Struct.Rep.Online Pub Date Free Form 1-Sep Volume 67 Issue Pt 9 Start Page o2321 Other Pages 2 Notes LR: 20130228; JID: 101089178; OID: NLM: PMC3200658; 2011/07/05 [received]; 2011/08/04 [accepted]; 2011/08/11 [epublish]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1600-5368; 1600-5368 Accession Number PMID: 22058947 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1107/S1600536811031631 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22058947 Abstract The herbicide triflusulfuron-methyl (systematic name: methyl 2-{[4-dimethyl-amino-6-(2,2,2-trifluoro-eth-oxy)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]carbamoylsulf amo-yl}-3-methyl-benzoate) and its degradation product triazine amine [systematic name: 2-amino-4-dimethyl-amino-6-(2,2,2-trifluoro-eth-oxy)-1,3,5-triazine] form a triclinic 1:1 co-crystal of the title compound, C(7)H(10)F(3)N(5)O.C(17)H(19)F(3)N(6)O(6)S, in which its two components are connected via a pair of complementary N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN hydrogen bonds, similar to the monoclinic crystal structure of the parent compound triflusulfuron-methyl [Mereiter (2011 ). Acta Cryst. E67, o1778-o1779] in which a pair of mol-ecules related by a twofold axis are linked by two N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN bonds. The triflusulfuron-methyl mol-ecules of both crystal structures are similar in geometric parameters and conformation, which is due to stiffening by a short intra-molecular N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN bond [Ncdots, three dots, centeredN = 2.620 (4) A] and an intra-molecular dipole-dipole inter-action between the sulfamide and the carboxyl moieties, with O(s)cdots, three dots, centeredC(c) = 2.802 (5) A and O(c)cdots, three dots, centeredN(s) = 2.846 (4) A. Inter-molecular N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds and slipped pi-pi stacking inter-actions between the diamino-triazine moieties [perpendicular distances of 3.25 A within hydrogen-bonded tetra-mers and 3.27 A between adjacent tetra-mers] link the two constituents of the co-crystal into columns parallel to the a axis. An intra-molecular C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bond occurs in the triflusulfuron-methyl mol-ecule and inter-molecular C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO inter-actions between triflusulfuron-methyl mol-ecules occur in the crystal structure. In the triflusulfuron-methyl molecule the dihedral angle between the least-squares planes of the two rings is 75.8 (1) degrees . In the triazine molecule, the CF(3) group is partly orientationally disordered. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Mereiter,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110811 PMCID PMC3200658 Editors
Increased self-efficacy to quit and perceived control over withdrawal symptoms predict smoking cessation following nicotine dependence treatment	2011	Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. schnoll@mail.med.upenn.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Jan-Feb Volume 36 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 144 Other Pages 147 Notes LR: 20150224; CI: Copyright (c) 2010; GR: P50 CA143187/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50 CA143187/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50 CA143187-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA126969/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA126969/CA/NCI NI Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6327; 0306-4603 Accession Number PMID: 20869812 Language eng SubFile Clinical Trial, Phase IV; Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.08.024 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20869812 Abstract AIM: To examine changes in nicotine withdrawal, nicotine craving, self-efficacy to quit smoking, and perceived control over withdrawal symptoms as predictors of smoking cessation following behavioral counseling and nicotine replacement therapy in a sample of smokers. DESIGN AND SETTING: The data were ascertained from a randomized effectiveness trial comparing nicotine patch to nicotine lozenge. Predictors of smoking cessation were assessed at baseline and 5 weeks post-baseline, and 24-hour point prevalence abstinence, biochemically confirmed, was assessed at the end-of-treatment (week 15) and 6 months after a target quit date (week 27). PARTICIPANTS: 642 treatment-seeking smokers randomized to 12 weeks of nicotine patch or nicotine lozenge. FINDINGS: Participants who showed a greater increase in self-efficacy to quit smoking (OR=1.09, 95% CI: 1.02-1.16, p=.01) and perceived control over withdrawal symptoms (OR=1.02, 95% CI: 1.00-1.04, p=.05) were significantly more likely to have quit smoking at week 15. Participants who showed a greater increase in self-efficacy to quit smoking (OR=1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.06, p=.01) were significantly more likely to have quit smoking at week 27. Changes in withdrawal symptoms and craving were not related to week 15 or week 27 abstinence rates. CONCLUSIONS: The results highlight two relatively under-studied potential psychological predictors of abstinence following treatment for nicotine dependence. Behavioral counseling interventions to promote smoking cessation should help smokers develop confidence in their ability to quit smoking and increase their sense of control over withdrawal symptoms to increase their chances for cessation. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Schnoll,R.A., Martinez,E., Tatum,K.L., Glass,M., Bernath,A., Ferris,D., Reynolds,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20100924 PMCID PMC2981675 Editors
Implementation of the framework convention on tobacco control in Africa: current status of legislation	2011	Health and Environmental Rights Organisation (HERO-Uganda), Kampala, Uganda. jt327@law.georgetown.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of environmental research and public health Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Environ.Res.Public.Health. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 8 Issue 11 Start Page 4312 Other Pages 4331 Notes LR: 20150129; JID: 101238455; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OID: NLM: PMC3228573; OTO: NOTNLM; 2011/09/14 [received]; 2011/10/17 [revised]; 2011/10/20 [accepted]; 2011/11/17 [epublish]; ppublish Place of Publication Switzerland ISSN/ISBN 1660-4601; 1660-4601 Accession Number PMID: 22163209 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.3390/ijerph8114312 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22163209 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To describe, as of July 2011, the status of tobacco control legislation in Africa in three key areas of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC)-(1) Protection from exposure to tobacco smoke, (2) Packaging and labelling of tobacco products, and (3) Tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship. METHODS: Review and analysis of tobacco control legislation in Africa, media reports, journal articles, tobacco industry documents and data published in the 2011 WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic. RESULTS: Modest progress in FCTC implementation in Africa with many countries having legislation or policies on the protection from exposure to tobacco smoke, however, only a handful of countries meet the standards of the FCTC Article 8 and its Guidelines particularly with regards to designated smoking areas. Little progress on packaging and labelling of tobacco products, with few countries having legislation meeting the minimum standards of the FCTC Article 11 and its Guidelines. Mauritius is the only African country with graphic or pictorial health warnings in place and has the largest warning labels in Africa. Slightly better progress in banning tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship has been shown by African countries, although the majority of legislation falls short of the standards of the FCTC Article 13 and its Guidelines. Despite their efforts, African countries' FCTC implementation at national level has not matched the strong regional commitment demonstrated during the FCTC treaty negotiations. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the need for Africa to step up efforts to adopt and implement effective tobacco control legislation that is fully compliant with the FCTC. In order to achieve this, countries should prioritise resources for capacity building for drafting strong FCTC compliant legislation, research to inform policy and boost political will, and countering the tobacco industry which is a major obstacle to FCTC implementation in Africa. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Tumwine,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20111117 PMCID PMC3228573 Editors
Anxiety diagnoses in smokers seeking cessation treatment: relations with tobacco dependence, withdrawal, outcome and response to treatment	2011	Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53711, USA. mep@ctri.medicine.wisc.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addiction (Abingdon, England) Periodical, Abbrev. Addiction Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 106 Issue 2 Start Page 418 Other Pages 427 Notes LR: 20151119; CI: (c) 2010 The Authors, Addiction (c) 2010; GR: 1K05CA139871/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: 1KL2RR025012-01/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States; GR: K05 CA139871/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: K05 CA139871-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1360-0443; 0965-2140 Accession Number PMID: 20973856 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03173.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20973856 Abstract AIMS: To understand the relations among anxiety disorders and tobacco dependence, withdrawal symptoms, response to smoking cessation pharmacotherapy and ability to quit smoking. DESIGN: Randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Participants received six 10-minute individual counseling sessions and either: placebo, bupropion SR, nicotine patch, nicotine lozenge, bupropion SR + nicotine lozenge or nicotine patch + nicotine lozenge. SETTING: Two urban research sites. PARTICIPANTS: Data were collected from 1504 daily smokers (>9 cigarettes per day) who were motivated to quit smoking and did not report current diagnoses of schizophrenia or psychosis or bupropion use. MEASUREMENTS: Participants completed baseline assessments, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and ecological momentary assessments for 2 weeks. FINDINGS: A structured clinical interview identified participants who ever met criteria for a panic attack (n = 455), social anxiety (n = 199) or generalized anxiety disorder (n = 99), and those who qualified for no anxiety diagnosis (n = 891). Smokers with anxiety disorders reported higher levels of nicotine dependence and pre-quit withdrawal symptoms. Those ever meeting criteria for panic attacks or social anxiety disorder showed greater quit-day negative affect. Smokers ever meeting criteria for anxiety disorders were less likely to be abstinent at 8 weeks and 6 months post-quit and showed no benefit from single-agent or combination-agent pharmacotherapies. CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety diagnoses were common among treatment-seeking smokers and were related to increased motivation to smoke, elevated withdrawal, lack of response to pharmacotherapy and impaired ability to quit smoking. These findings could guide treatment assignment algorithms and treatment development for smokers with anxiety diagnoses. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Society for the Study of Addiction Data Source Authors Piper,M.E., Cook,J.W., Schlam,T.R., Jorenby,D.E., Baker,T.B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20101025 PMCID PMC3017215 Editors
Patent foramen ovale closure in recreational divers: effect on decompression illness and ischaemic brain lesions during long-term follow-up	2011	Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Heart (British Cardiac Society) Periodical, Abbrev. Heart Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 97 Issue 23 Start Page 1932 Other Pages 1937 Notes LR: 20140730; JID: 9602087; 2011/09/13 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-201X; 1355-6037 Accession Number PMID: 21917666 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; AIM; IM DOI 10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300436 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21917666 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To test the effect of patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure on neurological events in divers. DESIGN: Prospective, non-randomised, longitudinal three-arm study. SETTING: Tertiary referral centre. POPULATION: 104 scuba divers with a history of major decompression illness (DCI). INTERVENTION: Transcutaneous PFO closure. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Baseline and three follow-up examinations with a questionnaire about health status and diving habits/accidents, transoesophageal echocardiography at baseline for PFO grading, cerebral MRI at all examinations. RESULTS: 39 divers had no PFO, 26 had a PFO and chose to undergo percutaneous closure and 39 had a PFO, but decided not to undergo closure. The total number of dives, including those performed before baseline and those during long-term follow-up, was 81,654; 18,394 dives during the follow-up period of 5.3 +/- 0.3 years, during which there were a total of five major neurological DCI events-namely 0 in the no PFO group, 0.5 +/- 2.5/10(4) dives in the PFO closure group and 35.8 +/- 102.5/10(4) dives in the PFO no closure group (four events; p = 0.045 between the PFO groups). In the groups, no PFO, PFO closure and PFO no closure, there were 1.1 +/- 2.6, 0.8 +/- 1.4, 3.3 +/- 6.9 ischaemic brain lesions, respectively, at follow-up (p = 0.039 between the PFO groups)-that is, 16 +/- 42/10(4) dives in the no PFO group, 6 +/- 13/10(4) dives in the PFO closure group and 104 +/- 246/10(4) dives in the PFO no closure group (overall p = 0.042; p = 0.024 between the PFO groups). CONCLUSION: PFO closure in continuing divers appears to prevent symptomatic (major DCI) and asymptomatic (ischaemic brain lesions) neurological events during long-term follow-up. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Billinger,M., Zbinden,R., Mordasini,R., Windecker,S., Schwerzmann,M., Meier,B., Seiler,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110913 PMCID Editors

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