WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort ascending	Author	SearchLink
Effects of Leuconostoc mesenteroides starter cultures on microbial communities and metabolites during kimchi fermentation	2012	School of Biological Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of food microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Food Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form 15-Feb Volume 153 Issue 3 Start Page 378 Other Pages 387 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2011; JID: 8412849; 0 (DNA, Bacterial); 2011/09/06 [received]; 2011/11/20 [revised]; 2011/11/28 [accepted]; 2011/12/04 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1879-3460; 0168-1605 Accession Number PMID: 22189023 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.11.030 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22189023 Abstract Kimchi fermentation usually relies upon the growth of naturally-occurring various heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB). This sometimes makes it difficult to produce kimchi with uniform quality. The use of Leuconostoc mesenteroides as a starter has been considered to produce commercial fermented kimchi with uniform and good quality in Korea. In this study, a combination of a barcoded pyrosequencing strategy and a (1)H NMR technique was used to investigate the effects of Leu. mesenteroides strain B1 as a starter culture for kimchi fermentation. Baechu (Chinese cabbage) and Chonggak (radish) kimchi with and without Leu. mesenteroides inoculation were prepared, respectively and their characteristics that included pH, cell number, bacterial community, and metabolites were monitored periodically for 40 days. Barcoded pyrosequencing analysis showed that the numbers of bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTU) in starter kimchi decreased more quickly than that in non-starter kimchi. Members of the genera Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus, and Weissella were dominant LAB regardless of the kimchi type or starter inoculation. Among the three genera, Leuconostoc was the most abundant, followed by Lactobacillus and Weissella. The use of Leu. mesenteroides as a starter increased the Leuconostoc proportions and decreased the Lactobacillus proportions in both type of kimchi during kimchi fermentation. However, interestingly, the use of the kimchi starter more highly maintained the Weissella proportions of starter kimchi compared to that in the non-starter kimchi until fermentation was complete. Metabolite analysis using the (1)H NMR technique showed that both Baechu and Chonggak kimchi with the starter culture began to consume free sugars earlier and produced a little greater amounts of lactic and acetic acids and mannitol. Metabolite analysis demonstrated that kimchi fermentation using Leu. mesenteroides as a starter was completed earlier with more production of kimchi metabolites compared to that not using a starter, which coincided with the decreases in pH and the increases in bacterial cell number. The PCA strategy using all kimchi components including carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids, and others also showed that starter kimchi fermented faster with more organic acid and mannitol production. In conclusion, the combination of the barcoded pyrosequencing strategy and the (1)H NMR technique was used to effectively monitor microbial succession and metabolite production and allowed for a greater understanding of the relationships between the microbial community and metabolite production in kimchi fermentation. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Jung,J.Y., Lee,S.H., Lee,H.J., Seo,H.Y., Park,W.S., Jeon,C.O. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20111204 PMCID Editors
Physical activity, obesity and gastroesophageal reflux disease in the general population	2012	Unit of Upper Gastrointestinal Research, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden. therese.djarv@ki.se	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full World journal of gastroenterology Periodical, Abbrev. World J.Gastroenterol. Pub Date Free Form 28-Jul Volume 18 Issue 28 Start Page 3710 Other Pages 3714 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 100883448; OID: NLM: PMC3406423; OTO: NOTNLM; 2012/02/07 [received]; 2012/05/11 [revised]; 2012/05/26 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication China ISSN/ISBN 2219-2840; 1007-9327 Accession Number PMID: 22851863 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.3748/wjg.v18.i28.3710 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22851863 Abstract AIM: To clarify the association between physical activity and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in non-obese and obese people. METHODS: A Swedish population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted. Participants aged 40-79 years were randomly selected from the Swedish Registry of the Total Population. Data on physical activity, GERD, body mass index (BMI) and the covariates age, gender, comorbidity, education, sleeping problems, and tobacco smoking were obtained using validated questionnaires. GERD was self-reported and defined as heartburn or regurgitation at least once weekly, and having at least moderate problems from such symptoms. Frequency of physical activity was categorized into three groups: (1) "high" (several times/week); (2) "intermediate" (approximately once weekly); and (3) "low" (1-3 times/mo or less). Analyses were stratified for participants with "normal weight" (BMI 30 kg/m(2)). Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for potential confounding by covariates. RESULTS: Of 6969 eligible and randomly selected individuals, 4910 (70.5%) participated. High frequency of physical activity was reported by 2463 (50%) participants, GERD was identified in 472 (10%) participants, and obesity was found in 680 (14%). There were 226 (5%) individuals with missing information about BMI. Normal weight, overweight and obese participants were similar regarding distribution of gender and tobacco smoking status, while obese participants were on average slightly older, had fewer years of education, more comorbidity, slightly more sleeping problems, lower frequency of physical activity, and higher occurrence of GERD. Among the 2146 normal-weight participants, crude point estimates indicated a decreased risk of GERD among individuals with high frequency of physical activity (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.39-0.89), compared to low frequency of physical activity. However, after adjustment for potential confounding factors, neither intermediate (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 0.75-2.26) nor high (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.62-1.60) frequency of physical activity was followed by decreased risk of GERD. Sleeping problems and high comorbidity were identified as potential confounders. Among the 1859 overweight participants, crude point estimates indicated no increased or decreased risk of GERD among individuals with intermediate or high frequency of physical activity, compared to low frequency. After adjustment for confounding, neither intermediate (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.46-1.22) nor high frequency of physical activity were followed by increased or decreased risk of GERD compared to low frequency among nonobese participants. Sleeping problems and high comorbidity were identified as potential confounders for overweight participants. In obese individuals, crude ORs were similar to the adjusted ORs and no particular confounding factors were identified. Intermediate frequency of physical activity was associated with a decreased occurrence of GERD compared to low frequency of physical activity (adjusted OR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.22-0.77). CONCLUSION: Intermediate frequency of physical activity might decrease the risk of GERD among obese individuals, while no influence of physical activity on GERD was found in non-obese people. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Djarv,T., Wikman,A., Nordenstedt,H., Johar,A., Lagergren,J., Lagergren,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC3406423 Editors
Microbiological components in mainstream and sidestream cigarette smoke	2012	Dept of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. Lennart.Larsson@med.lu.se.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco induced diseases Periodical, Abbrev. Tob Induc Dis. Pub Date Free Form 16-Aug Volume 10 Issue 1 Start Page 13 Other Pages Notes LR: 20130402; JID: 101201591; OID: NLM: PMC3444954; 2012/06/08 [received]; 2012/08/08 [accepted]; 2012/08/16 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1617-9625; 1617-9625 Accession Number PMID: 22898193 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 1617-9625-10-13 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22898193 Abstract BACKGROUND: Research has shown that tobacco smoke contains substances of microbiological origin such as ergosterol (a fungal membrane lipid) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria). The aim of the present study was to compare the amounts of ergosterol and LPS in the tobacco and mainstream (MS) and sidestream (SS) smoke of some popular US cigarettes. METHODS: We measured LPS 3-hydroxy fatty acids and fungal biomass biomarker ergosterol in the tobacco and smoke from cigarettes of 11 popular brands purchased in the US. University of Kentucky reference cigarettes were also included for comparison. RESULTS: The cigarette tobacco of the different brands contained 6.88-16.17 (mean 10.64) pmol LPS and 8.27-21.00 (mean 14.05) ng ergosterol/mg. There was a direct correlation between the amounts of ergosterol and LPS in cigarette tobacco and in MS smoke collected using continuous suction; the MS smoke contained 3.65-8.23% (ergosterol) and 10.02-20.13% (LPS) of the amounts in the tobacco. Corresponding percentages were 0.30-0.82% (ergosterol) and 0.42-1.10% (LPS) for SS smoke collected without any ongoing suction, and 2.18% and 2.56% for MS smoke collected from eight two-second puffs. CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco smoke is a bioaerosol likely to contain a wide range of potentially harmful bacterial and fungal components. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Larsson,L., Pehrson,C., Dechen,T., Crane-Godreau,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120816 PMCID PMC3444954 Editors
Measuring indoor air quality of hookah lounges	2012	Health Promotion and Chronic Disease section of the Oregon Public Health Division, Oregon Health Authority, Portland, OR 97232-2195, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Public Health Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Public Health Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 102 Issue 11 Start Page 2043 Other Pages 2045 Notes LR: 20150222; JID: 1254074; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OID: NLM: PMC3477955; 2012/09/20 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1541-0048; 0090-0036 Accession Number PMID: 22994168 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; AIM; IM DOI 10.2105/AJPH.2012.300751 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22994168 Abstract Many states have implemented smoke-free workplace laws to protect employees and customers from exposure to secondhand smoke. However, exemptions in these laws have allowed indoor tobacco smoking in hookah lounges to proliferate in recent years. To describe the amount of secondhand smoke in hookah lounges, we measured the indoor air quality of 10 hookah lounges in Oregon. Air quality measurements ranged from "unhealthy" to "hazardous" according to Environmental Protection Agency standards, indicating a potential health risk for patrons and employees. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Fiala,S.C., Morris,D.S., Pawlak,R.L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120920 PMCID PMC3477955 Editors
Vortex-assisted extraction combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediment by high performance liquid chromatography	2012	Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of separation science Periodical, Abbrev. J.Sep.Sci. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 35 Issue 20 Start Page 2796 Other Pages 2804 Notes CI: (c) 2012; JID: 101088554; 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 2012/03/04 [received]; 2012/06/12 [revised]; 2012/06/13 [accepted]; 2012/08/15 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1615-9314; 1615-9306 Accession Number PMID: 22893532 Language eng SubFile Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1002/jssc.201200234 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22893532 Abstract A simple, rapid, and efficient method, vortex-assisted extraction followed by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) has been developed for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediment samples prior to analysis by high performance liquid chromatography fluorescence detection. Acetonitrile was used as collecting solvent for the extraction of PAHs from sediment by vortex-assisted extraction. In DLLME, PAHs were rapidly transferred from acetonitrile to dichloromethane. Under the optimum conditions, the method yields a linear calibration curve in the concentration range from 10 to 2100 ng g(-1) for fluorene, anthracene, chrysene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, and benzo[a]pyrene, and 20 to 2100 ng g(-1) for other target analytes. Coefficients of determinations ranged from 0.9986 to 0.9994. The limits of detection, based on signal-to-noise ratio of three, ranged from 2.3 to 6.8 ng g(-1) . Reproducibility and recoveries was assessed by extracting a series of six independent sediment samples, which were spiked with different concentration levels. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied in analyses of real nature sediment samples. The proposed method extended and improved the application of DLLME to solid samples, which greatly shorten the extraction time and simplified the extraction process. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Data Source Authors Leng,G., Lui,G., Chen,Y., Yin,H., Dan,D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120815 PMCID Editors
Hookah use among U.S. college students: results from the National College Health Assessment II	2012	Translational Tobacco Reduction Research Program, WV Prevention Research Center and Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Department of Community Medicine, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, PO Box 9190, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. tjarrett@hsc.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 14 Issue 10 Start Page 1145 Other Pages 1153 Notes JID: 9815751; 2012/02/07 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 22318687 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI nts003 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22318687 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Tobacco use is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Hookah use is a growing tobacco trend among young adults; yet little is known about how young adult college student hookah smokers differ from nonsmokers or cigarette smokers. METHODS: Results from 18- to 24-year-old participants in the Fall 2008-Spring 2009 National College Health Assessment II (N = 82,155) were used in multinomial logistic regression models to compare nonsmokers, cigarette-only smokers, hookah-only smokers, and dual (cigarette and hookah) users. RESULTS: Ten percent of the sample reported hookah use in the last 30 days. Compared with nonsmokers, cigarette, hookah, and dual users were more likely to be younger, male, White, and use other substances (including alcohol). Compared with nonsmokers, hookah and dual users were more likely to be members of fraternities/sororities (odds ratio [OR] = 1.17 and 1.14, respectively), live in the West (OR = 1.49 and 1.31, respectively), and attend larger institutions. Compared with cigarette-only smokers, hookah and dual users were more likely to be younger, male, live on campus, live in the West, attend large institutions, and were less likely to attend public institutions. Compared with cigarette-only smokers, hookah-only users were more likely to be non-White and less likely to use marijuana or other drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Hookah-only and dual users are demographically different than cigarette-only or nonsmoking college students. Interventions for tobacco use on college campuses should address the demographic differences among tobacco users (including polysubstance use) and attempt to recruit students as entering freshman to provide education and prevent hookah use uptake. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Jarrett,T., Blosnich,J., Tworek,C., Horn,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120207 PMCID Editors
Determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water using fluorinated polyaniline-based solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography	2012	State key Laboratory of Pollutant Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210046, China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental monitoring and assessment Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Monit.Assess. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 184 Issue 7 Start Page 4345 Other Pages 4353 Notes JID: 8508350; 0 (Aniline Compounds); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 0 (polyaniline); 2011/01/24 [received]; 2011/07/15 [accepted]; 2011/08/06 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1573-2959; 0167-6369 Accession Number PMID: 21822575 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1007/s10661-011-2268-3 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21822575 Abstract The study on the performance of a fluorinated polyaniline (PANI) as a fiber coating for solid-phase microextraction (SPME) had been reported and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were selected to evaluate the performance of this fiber. Various parameters including sample volume, extraction temperature, time of desorption and extraction, pH and ionic strength were investigated intensively. A direct comparison between PANI-SPME fiber and commercial fiber was conducted. The results showed that the PANI-SPME coating had high affinity towards target compounds and the proposed method was successfully applied for the detection of real samples: rainfall and Taihu Lake water collected from Southern China. The whole PANI-SPME-GC method offers acceptable accuracy, precision and sensitivity and low detection limits, which is applicable to monitor trace levels of PAHs in real water bodies. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Li,Y., Wang,Y., Zhang,J., Sun,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110806 PMCID Editors
Biodiversity of yeasts, lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria in the fermentation of "Shanxi aged vinegar", a traditional Chinese vinegar	2012	College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Lion Hill Street No.1, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province, PR China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Food Microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Food Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 30 Issue 1 Start Page 289 Other Pages 297 Notes LR: 20131121; CI: Copyright (c) 2011; JID: 8601127; 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S); Q40Q9N063P (Acetic Acid); 2011/04/04 [received]; 2011/07/28 [revised]; 2011/08/07 [accepted]; 2011/08/16 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1095-9998; 0740-0020 Accession Number PMID: 22265314 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.fm.2011.08.010 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22265314 Abstract Shanxi aged vinegar is a famous traditional Chinese vinegar made from several kinds of cereal by spontaneous solid-state fermentation techniques. In order to get a comprehensive understanding of culturable microorganism's diversity present in its fermentation, the indigenous microorganisms including 47 yeast isolates, 28 lactic acid bacteria isolates and 58 acetic acid bacteria isolates were recovered in different fermenting time and characterized based on a combination of phenotypic and genotypic approaches including inter-delta/PCR, PCR-RFLP, ERIC/PCR analysis, as well as 16S rRNA and 26S rRNA partial gene sequencing. In the alcoholic fermentation, the dominant yeast species Saccharomyces (S.) cerevisiae (96%) exhibited low phenotypic and genotypic diversity among the isolates, while Lactobacillus (Lb.) fermentum together with Lb. plantarum, Lb. buchneri, Lb. casei, Pediococcus (P.) acidilactici, P. pentosaceus and Weissella confusa were predominated in the bacterial population at the same stage. Acetobacter (A.) pasteurianus showing great variety both in genotypic and phenotypic tests was the dominant species (76%) in the acetic acid fermentation stage, while the other acetic acid bacteria species including A. senegalensis, A. indonesiensis, A. malorum and A. orientalis, as well as Gluconobacter (G.) oxydans were detected at initial point of alcoholic and acetic acid fermentation stage respectively. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Wu,J.J., Ma,Y.K., Zhang,F.F., Chen,F.S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110816 PMCID Editors
Comparison of the effects of e-cigarette vapor and cigarette smoke on indoor air quality	2012	Consulting for Health, Air, Nature, & A Greener Environment, LLC (CHANGE), Corporate Headquarters, Queensbury, NY 12804-9358, USA. mcauleyt@airqualitychange.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Inhalation toxicology Periodical, Abbrev. Inhal.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 24 Issue 12 Start Page 850 Other Pages 857 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 8910739; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Aldehydes); 0 (Glycols); 0 (Nitrosamines); 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 0 (Volatile Organic Compounds); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1091-7691; 0895-8378 Accession Number PMID: 23033998 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.3109/08958378.2012.724728 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23033998 Abstract CONTEXT: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have earned considerable attention recently as an alternative to smoking tobacco, but uncertainties about their impact on health and indoor air quality have resulted in proposals for bans on indoor e-cigarette use. OBJECTIVE: To assess potential health impacts relating to the use of e-cigarettes, a series of studies were conducted using e-cigarettes and standard tobacco cigarettes. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Four different high nicotine e-liquids were vaporized in two sets of experiments by generic 2-piece e-cigarettes to collect emissions and assess indoor air concentrations of common tobacco smoke by products. Tobacco cigarette smoke tests were conducted for comparison. RESULTS: Comparisons of pollutant concentrations were made between e-cigarette vapor and tobacco smoke samples. Pollutants included VOCs, carbonyls, PAHs, nicotine, TSNAs, and glycols. From these results, risk analyses were conducted based on dilution into a 40 m(3) room and standard toxicological data. Non-cancer risk analysis revealed "No Significant Risk" of harm to human health for vapor samples from e-liquids (A-D). In contrast, for tobacco smoke most findings markedly exceeded risk limits indicating a condition of "Significant Risk" of harm to human health. With regard to cancer risk analysis, no vapor sample from e-liquids A-D exceeded the risk limit for either children or adults. The tobacco smoke sample approached the risk limits for adult exposure. CONCLUSIONS: For all byproducts measured, electronic cigarettes produce very small exposures relative to tobacco cigarettes. The study indicates no apparent risk to human health from e-cigarette emissions based on the compounds analyzed. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors McAuley,T.R., Hopke,P.K., Zhao,J., Babaian,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Water pipe and smokeless tobacco use among medical students in South Africa	2012	Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. fsenkubuge@gmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 14 Issue 6 Start Page 755 Other Pages 760 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9815751; 2011/10/29 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 22039073 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntr211 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22039073 Abstract INTRODUCTION: This study sought to determine the sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with water pipe and smokeless tobacco (SLT) use among a population of medical students in the Pretoria area, South Africa. METHODS: Undergraduate medical students (N = 722) in their 2nd and 6th year of study in 2 medical schools in South Africa completed a self-administered questionnaire during 2008. Information on ever and current use of water pipe and SLT was obtained along with information on sociodemographic variables, alcohol use, and cigarette smoking status. Multiple logistic regression analysis were used to determine factors associated with current use of water pipe and SLT. RESULTS: The mean age of study participants was 23 years. Of the participants, 53% were female and 55% were self-identified as Black Africans. Of the study participants, 18.6% were current water pipe users, 3.1% were current SLT users, while 17.3% were current cigarette smokers. Factors independently associated with current water pipe use were having an alcohol drinking-problem (odds ratio [OR] = 2.43; 95% CI = 1.48-3.40), currently smoking cigarettes (3.40; 2.04-5.67), and reporting exposure to smoking in places other than home (2.51; 1.29-4.90). Compared with Black students, White medical students were more likely to have smoked a water pipe in the past month (3.14; 1.74-5.70) but less likely to have ever used SLT (0.37; 0.19-0.73). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the use of alternative tobacco products is common among South African medical students and may form part of a pattern of risk-taking behavior. Furthermore, there appear to be cultural differences in the use of certain tobacco products. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Senkubuge,F., Ayo-Yusuf,O.A., Louwagie,G.M., Okuyemi,K.S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20111029 PMCID Editors

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