Image
WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year Sort ascending | Author | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| Comparison of ultrasound-assisted emulsification and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction methods for the speciation of inorganic selenium in environmental water samples using low density extraction solvents | 2012 | Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. n-najafi@sbu.ac.ir | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Analytica Chimica Acta
Periodical, Abbrev.
Anal.Chim.Acta
Pub Date Free Form
10-Feb
Volume
714
Issue
Start Page
82
Other Pages
88
Notes
LR: 20131121; CI: Copyright (c) 2011; JID: 0370534; 0 (Azoles); 0 (Emulsions); 0 (Organoselenium Compounds); 0 (Phenylenediamines); 0 (Selenium Compounds); 0 (Solvents); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 059QF0KO0R (Water); 273-15-4 (piaselenole); 5A9AX7Y0T
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1873-4324; 0003-2670
Accession Number
PMID: 22244140
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.aca.2011.11.063 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22244140
Abstract
Herein, ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction (USAEME) and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) methods based on applying low-density organic solvents have been critically compared for the speciation of inorganic selenium, Se(IV) (selenite) and Se(VI) (selenate) in environmental water samples by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). At pH 2 and T=75 degrees C for 7 min, only Se(IV) was able to form the piazselenol complex with 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine. Piazselenol was extracted using an extraction solvent and was injected into a GC-FID instrument for the determination of Se(IV). Conveniently, Se(VI) remained in the aqueous phase. Total inorganic selenium was determined after the reduction of Se(VI) to Se(IV) and prior to the above procedures. The Se(VI) concentration was calculated as the difference between the measured total inorganic selenium and Se(IV) content. The effect of various experimental parameters on the efficiencies of the two methods and their optimum values were studied with the aid of response surface methodology and experimental design. Under the optimal conditions, the limit of detections (LODs) for Se(IV) obtained by USAEME-GC-FID and DLLME-GC-FID were 0.05 and 0.11 ng mL(-1), respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs, n=6) for the measurement 10 ng mL(-1) of Se(IV) were 5.32% and 4.57% with the enrichment factors of 2491 and 1129 for USAEME-GC-FID and DLLME-GC-FID, respectively. Both methods were successfully applied to the analysis of inorganic selenium in different environmental water samples and certified reference material (NIST SRM 1643e).
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier B.V
Data Source
Authors
Najafi,N.M., Tavakoli,H., Abdollahzadeh,Y., Alizadeh,R.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20111208
PMCID
Editors
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| Sports activity and the use of cigarettes and snus among young males in Finland in 1999-2010 | 2012 | Research Department, Centre of Military Medicine, Helsinki, Finland. Ville.Mattila@uta.fi | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
BMC public health
Periodical, Abbrev.
BMC Public Health
Pub Date Free Form
22-Mar
Volume
12
Issue
Start Page
230
Other Pages
2458-12-230
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC3325877; 2011/10/18 [received]; 2012/03/22 [accepted]; 2012/03/22 [aheadofprint]; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1471-2458; 1471-2458
Accession Number
PMID: 22439614
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1186/1471-2458-12-230 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22439614
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Studies of the relationship between sports activity and smoking among adolescents and young adults report contradictory results. We examined the association between sports activity (intensity and type of sport) and the current use of snus (Swedish snuff), cigarette smoking, and the combined use of cigarettes and snus (dual use) among young males in Finland. METHODS: Data were collected from 16,746 male conscripts who completed a survey during the first days of their conscription during the years 1999-2010 (median age 19 years, response rate 95%). Main outcome measures were self-reported daily/occasional use of snus, cigarette smoking, and dual use. The association between sports activity, type of sport, and several sociodemographic background variables was assessed using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Over the study period (1999-2010), the prevalence of cigarette smoking decreased from 42% to 34%, while snus use increased from 5% to 12%, and dual use increased from 7% to 13% (p
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Mattila,V.M., Raisamo,S., Pihlajamaki,H., Mantysaari,M., Rimpela,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20120322
PMCID
PMC3325877
Editors
|
|||
| Interaction of the echinocandin caspofungin with amphotericin B or voriconazole against Aspergillus biofilms in vitro | 2012 | Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China. liuwei@bjmu.edu.cn | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
Periodical, Abbrev.
Antimicrob.Agents Chemother.
Pub Date Free Form
Dec
Volume
56
Issue
12
Start Page
6414
Other Pages
6416
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 0315061; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Coloring Agents); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Pyrimidines); 0 (Tetrazolium Salts); 0 (Triazoles); 117038-70-7 (2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2H-tetrazoliu m hydroxide); 7
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1098-6596; 0066-4804
Accession Number
PMID: 23027186
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1128/AAC.00687-12 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23027186
Abstract
Aspergillus biofilms were prepared from 22 strains of Aspergillus spp. via a 96-well plate-based method. Using a broth microdilution checkerboard technique with the XTT [2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide] colorimetric assay, we demonstrated a synergistic antifungal activity against 18 of 22 Aspergillus biofilm strains with a combination of caspofungin and amphotericin B and against 13 of 22 strains with a combination of caspofungin and voriconazole. We did not observe antagonism.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Liu,W., Li,L., Sun,Y., Chen,W., Wan,Z., Li,R., Liu,W.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20121001
PMCID
PMC3497162
Editors
|
|||
| Are quit attempts among U.S. female nurses who smoke different from female smokers in the general population? An analysis of the 2006/2007 tobacco use supplement to the current population survey | 2012 | School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, 700 Tiverton Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. lsarna@sonnet.ucla.edu | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
BMC women's health
Periodical, Abbrev.
BMC Womens Health
Pub Date Free Form
19-Mar
Volume
12
Issue
Start Page
4
Other Pages
12/4/6874
Notes
LR: 20150225; JID: 101088690; OID: NLM: PMC3328253; 2011/10/31 [received]; 2012/03/19 [accepted]; 2012/03/19 [aheadofprint]; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1472-6874; 1472-6874
Accession Number
PMID: 22429917
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1186/1472-6874-12-4 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22429917
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Smoking is a significant women's health issue. Examining smoking behaviors among occupational groups with a high prevalence of women may reveal the culture of smoking behavior and quit efforts of female smokers. The purpose of this study was to examine how smoking and quitting characteristics (i.e., ever and recent quit attempts) among females in the occupation of nursing are similar or different to those of women in the general population. METHODS: Cross-sectional data from the Tobacco Use Supplement of the Current Population Survey 2006/2007 were used to compare smoking behaviors of nurses (n = 2, 566) to those of non-healthcare professional women (n = 93, 717). Smoking characteristics included years of smoking, number of cigarettes, and time to first cigarette with smoking within the first 30 minutes as an indicator of nicotine dependence. Logistic regression models using replicate weights were used to determine correlates of ever and previous 12 months quit attempts. RESULTS: Nurses had a lower smoking prevalence than other women (12.1% vs 16.6%, p
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Sarna,L., Bialous,S.A., Nandy,K., Yang,Q.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20120319
PMCID
PMC3328253
Editors
|
|||
| Characterization of plasmids encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and their addiction systems circulating among Escherichia coli clinical isolates in the UK | 2012 | Antibiotic Resistance Monitoring & Reference Laboratory, HPA-Colindale, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK. michel.doumith@hpa.org.uk | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Antimicrob.Chemother.
Pub Date Free Form
Apr
Volume
67
Issue
4
Start Page
878
Other Pages
885
Notes
JID: 7513617; 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 0 (DNA, Bacterial); EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases); 2011/12/29 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1460-2091; 0305-7453
Accession Number
PMID: 22210753
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1093/jac/dkr553 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22210753
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To characterize plasmids encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) from a recent UK collection of clinical Escherichia coli isolates. METHODS: The isolates comprised 118 ESBL producers referred from 54 laboratories. Plasmids were transferred by electroporation, and their incompatibility groups, associated addiction systems and resistance genes with the flanking genetic environments were identified by PCR or sequencing. RESULTS: Seventy isolates had plasmids encoding CTX-M-15 (n = 53), CTX-M-14 (n =9), CTX-M-27 (n = 1), CTX-M-3 (n = 2) and SHV-12 (n = 5) ESBLs that were transformable; non-transformable ESBLs were mainly CTX-M enzymes (42/48). Most transformable bla(CTX-M-15) genes (43/53) were harboured on single replicon or multireplicon IncF plasmids, with IncFIA4-FIB1-FII31 (n = 11) and IncFIA1-FII2 (n = 15) being most frequent; the latter included eight pEK499 plasmids, typical of UK epidemic strain A. Plasmids harbouring bla(CTX-M-14) belonged variously to IncF, IncI1 and IncHI2 types, and 16 encoding CTX-M or SHV enzymes were non-typeable. Only IncF plasmid types carried the addiction systems sought and those with bla(CTX-M-15) frequently harboured bla(OXA-1) and aac(6')-Ib-cr, and often transferred trimethoprim and tetracycline resistance; those with bla(CTX-M-14) encoded trimethoprim, sulphonamide, streptomycin and tetracycline resistance. Most ESBL genes were associated with the well-known mobile elements ISEcp1 and IS26, but nearly half (23/55) of the ISEcp1 sequences upstream of bla(CTX-M-15) were interrupted by an IS26 at various positions. CONCLUSIONS: Most ESBLs (70/118) were encoded by transformable plasmids, although a sizable minority could not be transformed. The majority of transformable plasmids (51/70; 72.9%) were diverse multiresistant IncF types possessing multiple addiction systems. The spread of bla(CTX-M-15) can be attributed not just to clonal expansion, but also to the horizontal dissemination of related plasmids.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Doumith,M., Dhanji,H., Ellington,M.J., Hawkey,P., Woodford,N.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20111229
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| A text messaging-based smoking cessation program for adult smokers: randomized controlled trial | 2012 | Center for Innovative Public Health Research, San Clemente, CA 92672, USA. Michele@InnovativePublicHealth.org | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of medical Internet research
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Med.Internet Res.
Pub Date Free Form
27-Dec
Volume
14
Issue
6
Start Page
e172
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20150730; ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT00912795; GR: R01 TW007918/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01TW007918/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States; JID: 100959882; EIN: J Med Internet Res. 2015;17(6):e125. PMID: 26047263; OID: NLM: PMC3799568; 2012/06/28 [received
Place of Publication
Canada
ISSN/ISBN
1438-8871; 1438-8871
Accession Number
PMID: 23271159
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
10.2196/jmir.2231 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23271159
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Despite promising data in Western countries, there is a dearth of research into the efficacy of text messaging-based smoking cessation programs in other settings, including the Middle East, where smoking prevalence rates are higher. OBJECTIVE: This paper reports cessation rates observed in SMS Turkey, a text messaging-based smoking cessation program for adult smokers in Ankara, Turkey. METHODS: This study was a small-scale, parallel-group randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted in Ankara, Turkey. Participants were adult daily smokers who were seriously thinking about quitting in the next 15 days and living in Ankara, Turkey. The text messaging intervention, SMS Turkey, provided 6 weeks of daily messages aimed at giving participants skills to help them quit smoking. Messages were sent in an automated fashion, except 2 days and 7 days after the initial quit day. On days 2 and 7, the research assistant manually assigned participants to content "paths" based on whether they were still not smoking or had relapsed. The control arm received a brochure that provided similar information about smoking cessation. The main outcome measure was self-reported 3-month sustained abstinence, verified by carbon monoxide (CO) readings. Neither participants nor researchers were blinded to arm assignment. RESULTS: The 151 participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: 76 to the SMS Turkey intervention group and 75 to the brochure control group. Using intention to treat, all 151 participants were included in analyses. Three-month cessation trends were not significantly higher in the intervention group: 11% intervention vs 5% control had quit (chi(2)(1)=1.4, P=.24; R(2)=2.0, 95% CI 0.62-6.3). When the sample was stratified by sex, female intervention participants (14%, n=5) were significantly more likely to have quit at 3 months than female control participants (0%, n=0; chi(2)(1)=3.7, P=.05). Among light smokers (ie, those smoking less than 20 cigarettes per day), intervention participants (17%, n=5) also were significantly more likely to have quit compared to control participants (0%, n=0; chi(2)(1)=5.3, P=.02). We noted no difference in cessation rates for males or heavy smokers. Participants experienced significant technology problems during the study. Some participants received duplicate text messages at least once during the trial; others failed to receive some program messages. Neither receiving duplicate messages (chi(2)(1)=0.12, P=.73), or missing 5 or more program messages (chi(2)(1)=0.75, P=.39) negatively affected quitting rates. CONCLUSIONS: Although the study was not powered to detect statistically significant differences, as the primary aim was to provide estimates of effect size that could be used to better inform a power analysis for a larger trial, findings provide optimism that SMS Turkey may be able to affect quitting rates in environments with high smoking prevalence, such as Ankara, Turkey. The SMS Turkey software program did not work as well as it did 2 years previous. The system will need to be updated to maintain software compatibility with ongoing technology evolution. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00912795 http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00912795 (Archived by WebCite(R) at http://www.webcitation.org/6Ch1cIA8l).
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Ybarra,M., Bagci Bosi,A.T., Korchmaros,J., Emri,S.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20121227
PMCID
PMC3799568
Editors
|
|||
| Patterns of water-pipe and cigarette smoking initiation in schoolchildren: Irbid longitudinal smoking study | 2012 | Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, 3820 DeSoto Avenue, Browning Hall 114, Memphis, TN 38152, USA. fmzayek@memphis.edu | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Periodical, Abbrev.
Nicotine Tob.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Apr
Volume
14
Issue
4
Start Page
448
Other Pages
454
Notes
LR: 20151119; GR: R01 DA024876/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 059QF0KO0R (Water); OID: NLM: PMC3313787; 2011/12/02 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1469-994X; 1462-2203
Accession Number
PMID: 22140149
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
10.1093/ntr/ntr234 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22140149
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Tobacco use remains a major public health problem worldwide. Water-pipe smoking is spreading rapidly and threatening to undermine the successes achieved in tobacco control. METHODS: A school-based longitudinal study in the city of Irbid, Jordan, was performed from 2008 to 2010. All seventh-grade students in 19 randomly selected schools, out of a total of 60 schools in the city, were enrolled at baseline and surveyed annually. RESULTS: Of the 1781 students enrolled at baseline 1,701 (95.5%) were still in the study at the end of the second year of follow-up (869 boys, median age at baseline 13 years). Ever and current water-pipe smoking were higher than those of cigarette smoking at baseline (ever smoking: 25.9% vs. 17.6% and current smoking: 13.3% vs. 5.3% for water-pipe and cigarette smoking, respectively; p
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Mzayek,F., Khader,Y., Eissenberg,T., Al Ali,R., Ward,K.D., Maziak,W.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20111202
PMCID
PMC3313787
Editors
|
|||
| Secondhand smoke levels in public building main entrances: outdoor and indoor PM2.5 assessment | 2012 | Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Prevention and Control Programme, Institut Catala d'Oncologia-ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tobacco control
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob.Control
Pub Date Free Form
Nov
Volume
21
Issue
6
Start Page
543
Other Pages
548
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 9209612; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 2011/09/28 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1468-3318; 0964-4563
Accession Number
PMID: 21964181
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050040 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21964181
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To describe secondhand smoke (SHS) levels in halls and main entrances (outdoors) in different buildings by measurement of PM(2.5) and airborne nicotine. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in a sample of 47 public buildings. The authors studied SHS levels derived from PM(2.5) (micrograms per cubic metre) using TSI SidePak Personal Aerosol Monitors. The authors tested four locations within buildings: hall, main entrance (outdoor), control (indoor) and control (outdoor). The authors also measured airborne nicotine concentration (micrograms per cubic metre) in main entrances (outdoor). The authors computed medians and IQRs to describe the data. Spearman correlation coefficient (rsp) was used to explore the association between PM(2.5) concentrations simultaneously measured in halls and main entrances as well as between PM(2.5) and nicotine concentrations. RESULTS: The authors obtained an overall median PM(2.5) concentration of hall 18.20 mug/m(3) (IQR: 10.92-23.92 mug/m(3)), main entrance (outdoor) 17.16 mug/m(3) (IQR: 10.92-24.96 mug/m(3)), control (indoor) 10.40 mug/m(3) (IQR: 6.76-15.60 mug/m(3)) and control (outdoor) 13.00 mug/m(3) (IQR: 8.32-18.72 mug/m(3)). The PM(2.5) concentration in halls was more correlated with concentration in the main entrances (outdoors) (rsp=0.518, 95% CI 0.271 to 0.701) than with the control indoor (rsp=0.316, 95% CI 0.032 to 0.553). The Spearman correlation coefficient between nicotine and PM(2.5) concentration was 0.365 (95% CI -0.009 to 0.650). CONCLUSIONS: Indoor locations where smoking is banned are not completely free from SHS with levels similar to those obtained in the immediate entrances (outdoors) where smoking is allowed, indicating that SHS from outdoors settings drifts to adjacent indoors. These results warrant a revision of current smoke-free policies in particular outdoor settings.
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Sureda,X., Martinez-Sanchez,J.M., Lopez,M.J., Fu,M., Aguero,F., Salto,E., Nebot,M., Fernandez,E.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20110928
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Exposure to tobacco smoke before and after a partial smoking ban in prison: indoor air quality measures | 2012 | University Center of Legal Medicine of Geneva and Lausanne, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. catherine.ritter@unige.ch | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tobacco control
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob.Control
Pub Date Free Form
Sep
Volume
21
Issue
5
Start Page
488
Other Pages
491
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 9209612; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 2011/08/11 [aheadofprint]; 2012/07/17 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1468-3318; 0964-4563
Accession Number
PMID: 21836161
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1136/tc.2011.043356 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21836161
Abstract
Although exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is reportedly high in prison, few studies have measured this in the prison environment, and none have done so in Europe. We measured two indicators of SHS exposure (particulate matter PM10 and nicotine) in fixed locations before (2009) and after (2010) introduction of a partial smoking ban in a Swiss prison. Access to smoking cessation support was available to detainees throughout the study. OBJECTIVES: To measure SHS before and after the introduction of a partial smoking ban. METHODS: Assessment of particulate matter PM10 (suspended microparticles of 10 mum) and nicotine in ambient air, collected by real-time aerosol monitor and nicotine monitoring devices. RESULTS: The authors observed a significant improvement of nicotine concentrations in the air after the introduction of the smoking ban (before: 7.0 mug/m(3), after: 2.1 mug/m(3), difference 4.9 mug/m(3), 95% CI for difference: 0.52 to 9.8, p=0.03) but not in particulate matter PM10 (before: 0.11 mg/m(3), after: 0.06 mg/m(3), difference 0.06 mg/m(3), 95% CI for difference of means: -0.07 to 0.19, p=0.30). CONCLUSIONS: The partial smoking ban was followed by a decrease in nicotine concentrations in ambient air. These improvements can be attributed to the introduction of the smoking ban since no other policy change occurred during this period. Although this shows that concentrations of SHS decreased significantly, protection was still incomplete and further action is necessary to improve indoor air quality.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Ritter,C., Huynh,C.K., Etter,J.F., Elger,B.S.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20110811
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Roll-your-own tobacco use among Canadian youth: is it a bigger problem than we think? | 2012 | School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3G1. sleather@uwaterloo.ca | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
BMC public health
Periodical, Abbrev.
BMC Public Health
Pub Date Free Form
27-Jul
Volume
12
Issue
Start Page
557
Other Pages
2458-12-557
Notes
LR: 20150224; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC3434020; 2012/03/26 [received]; 2012/07/03 [accepted]; 2012/07/27 [aheadofprint]; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1471-2458; 1471-2458
Accession Number
PMID: 22834563
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1186/1471-2458-12-557 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22834563
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Despite the apparent decline in the popularity of roll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes over the past few decades, RYO tobacco products are widely available and used by a substantial number of adult smokers. Considering research has yet to examine the prevalence of RYO tobacco use among youth populations, this manuscript examines the prevalence of RYO tobacco use and factors associated with RYO use in a nationally representative sample of youth smokers from Canada. METHODS: This study used data collected from 3,630 current smokers in grades 9 to 12 as part of the 2008-09 Canadian Youth Smoking Survey (YSS). Descriptive analyses of the sample demographic characteristics, smoking status, cigarettes per day, weekly spending money, and frequency of marijuana use were examined by RYO tobacco ever use and RYO tobacco current use. Two logistic regression models were used to examine factors associated with RYO tobacco ever use and RYO tobacco current use. RESULTS: We identified that 51.2% of current smokers were RYO ever users and 24.2% were RYO current users. The prevalence of RYO current users was highest in Atlantic Canada (40.1%) and lowest in Quebec (12.3%). RYO current users were more likely to be male (OR 1.27), to be daily smokers (OR 1.75), to use marijuana once a month or more (OR 2.74), and to smoke 11 or more cigarettes per day (OR 6.52). RYO current users were less likely to be in grade 11 (OR 0.65) or grade 12 (OR 0.40) and less likely to have between $20 to $100 (OR 0.44) or more than $100 (OR 0.45) of disposable income. CONCLUSIONS: Developing a better understanding of RYO tobacco use among youth is important for advancing population-level tobacco control prevention strategies and cessation programs. We identified that RYO tobacco use is not a negligible problem among Canadian youth. Ongoing research is needed to continue monitoring the prevalence of RYO use among youth and the factors associated with its use, but to also monitor if this more affordable tobacco product is being targeted to price sensitive youth smokers.
Descriptors
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Leatherdale,S.T., Burkhalter,R.
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20120727
PMCID
PMC3434020
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