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WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year Sort ascending | Author | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy verses oral hygiene instructions on type 2 diabetes subjects with chronic periodontitis: a randomised clinical trial | 2014 | Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. rathna@um.edu.my. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
BMC oral health
Periodical, Abbrev.
BMC Oral Health.
Pub Date Free Form
25-Jun
Volume
14
Issue
Start Page
79
Other Pages
6831-14-79
Notes
LR: 20150805; ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01951547; JID: 101088684; 0 (Anti-Infective Agents, Local); 0 (Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated); 0 (Mouthwashes); 9007-41-4 (C-Reactive Protein); R4KO0DY52L (Chlorhexidine); OID: NLM: PMC4082680; 2014/03/12 [received]; 2014/
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1472-6831; 1472-6831
Accession Number
PMID: 24965218
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM
DOI
10.1186/1472-6831-14-79 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24965218
Abstract
BACKGROUND: 40 subjects with type 2 diabetes and moderate to severe CP were randomly distributed to groups receiving either NSPT or OHI. Periodontal parameters, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were evaluated at baseline, 2- and 3-months intervals. METHODS: 40 subjects with type 2 diabetes and moderate to severe CP were randomly distributed to groups receiving either NSPT or OHI. Periodontal parameters, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were evaluated at baseline, 2- and 3-months intervals. RESULTS: 15 subjects from NSPT group and 17 from OHI group completed the study. The difference in plaque index (PI) between NSPT and OHI groups were significant at 2 months recall (p = 0.013). There was no significant difference between NSPT and OHI group for all other clinical periodontal parameters, HbA1c and CRP levels. At 3 months post-therapy, periodontal parameters improved significantly in both groups with sites with probing pocket depth (PPD) /= 50% reduction in PPD showed significant reductions of HbA1c and hs-CRP levels (p = 0.004 and p = 0.012). CONCLUSION: NSPT significantly reduced PI at 2 months post-therapy as compared to OHI. Both NSPT and OHI demonstrated improvements in other clinical parameters as well as HbA1c and CRP levels. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01951547.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Raman,R.P., Taiyeb-Ali,T.B., Chan,S.P., Chinna,K., Vaithilingam,R.D.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140625
PMCID
PMC4082680
Editors
|
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| Support for indoor bans on electronic cigarettes among current and former smokers | 2014 | Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA. skolar@miami.edu.; Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA. brogers@psy.miami.edu.; | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
International journal of environmental research and public health
Periodical, Abbrev.
Int.J.Environ.Res.Public.Health.
Pub Date Free Form
25-Nov
Volume
11
Issue
12
Start Page
12174
Other Pages
12189
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 101238455; OID: NLM: PMC4276608; 2014/11/03 [received]; 2014/11/18 [revised]; 2014/11/18 [accepted]; epublish
Place of Publication
Switzerland
ISSN/ISBN
1660-4601; 1660-4601
Accession Number
PMID: 25429684
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.3390/ijerph111212174 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25429684
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is increasing in the U.S. Although marketed as a safer alternative for cigarettes, initial evidence suggests that e-cigarettes may pose a secondhand exposure risk. The current study explored the prevalence and correlates of support for e-cigarette bans. METHODS: A sample of 265 current/former smokers completed a cross-sectional telephone survey from June-September 2014; 45% Black, 31% White, 21% Hispanic. Items assessed support for home and workplace bans for cigarettes and e-cigarettes and associated risk perceptions. RESULTS: Most participants were aware of e-cigarettes (99%). RESULTS demonstrated less support for complete e-cigarette bans in homes and workplaces compared to cigarettes. Support for complete e-cigarette bans was strongest among older, higher income, married respondents, and former smokers. Complete e-cigarette bans were most strongly endorsed when perceptions of addictiveness and health risks were high. While both e-cigarette lifetime and never-users strongly supported cigarette smoking bans, endorsement for e-cigarette bans varied by lifetime use and intentions to use e-cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS: Support for indoor e-cigarette bans is relatively low among individuals with a smoking history. Support for e-cigarette bans may change as evidence regarding their use emerges. These findings have implications for public health policy.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Kolar,S.K., Rogers,B.G., Hooper,M.W.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20141125
PMCID
PMC4276608
Editors
|
|||
| Ebola viral hemorrhagic disease outbreak in West Africa- lessons from Uganda | 2014 | Associate Professor, School of Public Health- Makerere University &, Commissioner Health Services, Ministry of Health, Box 7272, Kampala, Uganda.; Senior Epidemiologist, Epidemiology and Surveillance Division, Ministry of Health, Box 7272, Kampala, Uganda | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
African health sciences
Periodical, Abbrev.
Afr.Health.Sci.
Pub Date Free Form
Sep
Volume
14
Issue
3
Start Page
495
Other Pages
501
Notes
LR: 20151029; JID: 101149451; CIN: Afr Health Sci. 2014 Dec;14(4):1085. PMID: 25834522; OID: NLM: PMC4209631; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish
Place of Publication
Uganda
ISSN/ISBN
1729-0503; 1680-6905
Accession Number
PMID: 25352864
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.4314/ahs.v14i3.1 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25352864
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There has been a rapid spread of Ebola Viral Hemorrhagic disease in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone since March 2014. Since this is the first time of a major Ebola outbreak in West Africa; it is possible there is lack of understanding of the epidemic in the communities, lack of experience among the health workers to manage the cases and limited capacities for rapid response. The main objective of this article is to share Uganda's experience in controlling similar Ebola outbreaks and to suggest some lessons that could inform the control of the Ebola outbreak in West Africa. METHODS: The article is based on published papers, reports of previous Ebola outbreaks, response plans and experiences of individuals who have participated in the control of Ebola epidemics in Uganda. Lessons learnt: The success in the control of Ebola epidemics in Uganda has been due to high political support, effective coordination through national and district task forces. In addition there has been active surveillance, strong community mobilization using village health teams and other community resources persons, an efficient laboratory system that has capacity to provide timely results. These have coupled with effective case management and infection control and the involvement of development partners who commit resources with shared responsibility. CONCLUSION: Several factors have contributed to the successful quick containment of Ebola outbreaks in Uganda. West African countries experiencing Ebola outbreaks could draw some lessons from the Uganda experience and adapt them to contain the Ebola epidemic.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Mbonye,A.K., Wamala,J.F., Nanyunja,M., Opio,A., Makumbi,I., Aceng,J.R.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
PMC4209631
Editors
|
|||
| Periodontal conditions of Colombian university students aged 16 to 35 | 2014 | Departamento de Ciencias Basicas y Medicina Oral, Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Bogota D.C., Colombia.; Departamento de Ciencias Basicas y Medicina Oral, Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogot | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Brazilian oral research
Periodical, Abbrev.
Braz Oral Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
28
Issue
Start Page
S1806
Other Pages
83242014000100223. Epub 2014 May 16
Notes
LR: 20150720; JID: 101307187; 2013/08/31 [received]; 2014/01/13 [accepted]; 2014/05/16 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Brazil
ISSN/ISBN
1807-3107; 1806-8324
Accession Number
PMID: 24878670
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM
DOI
S1806-83242014000100223 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24878670
Abstract
Epidemiological data on the periodontal health and oral hygiene practices of young individuals in Latin America are limited. This study was conducted in a sample of 355 first-year students randomly selected from 3,251 new students entering the largest university in Colombia. Participants received a periodontal examination and were interviewed about oral hygiene practices. Specifically, this study assessed the relationship between oral hygiene practices (including smoking tobacco) and plaque accumulation and/or periodontal bleeding on probing (BOP). Participants had extensive plaque accumulation and BOP, with a mean O Leary plaque index of 56% and mean BOP of 37%. Both measures were higher for proximal surfaces. Plaque indices of at least 50% were not associated with any oral hygiene factors; however, plaque index and use of dental floss were associated with a BOP of at least 50%. Frequency of tooth brushing was higher in female than in male participants. Only 5% of participants reported smoking tobacco. On average, participants had 2.7+/-4.6 pockets of at least 4 mm (18% of participants had >/=5 and 9% of participants had >/=10 pockets of this depth, respectively). On average, participants had 2.1+/-4.4 sites with clinical attachment loss of at least 2 mm (15% and 6% of participants had >/=5 and >/=10 sites with this level of loss). Only 8% of participants were diagnosed with moderate periodontitis, and no participants were diagnosed with severe periodontitis. In conclusion, although participants had high levels of plaque and BOP, signs of advanced destructive periodontal disease were minimal.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Marulanda,A.M., Coral,D., Sabogal,D., Serrano,C.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140516
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| HPV vaccination coverage in German girls: results of the KiGGS study: first follow-up (KiGGS Wave 1) | 2014 | Abteilung fur Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, General-Pape-Strasse 62-66, 12101, Berlin, Deutschland, poethko-muellerc@rki.de. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz
Periodical, Abbrev.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz
Pub Date Free Form
Jul
Volume
57
Issue
7
Start Page
869
Other Pages
877
Notes
LR: 20160707; JID: 101181368; 0 (Papillomavirus Vaccines); ppublish
Place of Publication
Germany
ISSN/ISBN
1437-1588; 1436-9990
Accession Number
PMID: 24950836
Language
ger
SubFile
English Abstract; Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1007/s00103-014-1987-3 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24950836
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: In Germany, vaccination against HPV infection has been recommended for girls aged 12-17 years since 2007. The aim of this paper was to provide an overview of the current status and determinants of HPV vaccination uptake in Germany. METHODS: Analyses included data from 14- to 17-year-old girls (n =1,337) of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents - First Follow-up Survey (KiGGS Wave 1). Standardized telephone interviews included questions for girls on the number of HPV vaccine doses and visits to a gynecologist. Parents were asked about their socioeconomic status (SES) and the girls' participation in the J1 adolescent health check-up. Descriptive analyses of the HPV vaccination status with respect to social, demographic, and health-care utilization factors were performed. Factors associated with vaccination were identified and odds ratios (OR) were estimated by means of logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of vaccination with at least one HPV vaccine dose was 52.6% (95% confidence interval 48.5-56.6). Three-dose HPV vaccination coverage was 39.5% (35.3-43.9). Vaccine uptake increased with age, was higher in girls with middle and low SES compared with high SES, with residence in eastern Germany, in those who had already seen a gynecologist, and who participated in the J1. Multivariable logistic regression revealed a twofold increased chance of being vaccinated for girls with middle SES (OR 1.9) compared with high-SES girls and for those who had yet seen a gynecologist (OR 2.1). CONCLUSIONS: School-based vaccination programs and multi-tier vaccination campaigns have led to high vaccination rates in some European and non-European countries. In Germany, however, such high vaccination rates have not been achieved. To fully realize the potential of HPV vaccinations to reduce HPV-related cancer incidence at the population level, vaccination coverage in Germany must be increased. In absence of school-based vaccination programs, medical doctors should use each visit to check and complete the girl's vaccination status.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Poethko-Muller,C., Buttmann-Schweiger,N., KiGGS Study Group
Original/Translated Title
Impfstatus und Determinanten der Impfung gegen humane Papillomviren (HPV) bei Madchen in Deutschland : Ergebnisse der KiGGS-Studie - Erste Folgebefragung (KiGGS Welle 1)
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Prevalence and predictors of nonobstructive coronary artery disease identified with coronary angiography in contemporary clinical practice | 2014 | Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC. Electronic address: manesh.patel@duke.edu.; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC.; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System/University of Colorado School of Medicine, De | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
American Heart Journal
Periodical, Abbrev.
Am.Heart J.
Pub Date Free Form
Jun
Volume
167
Issue
6
Start Page
846
Other Pages
5200
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2014; GR: HHSA290201000007I/PHS HHS/United States; JID: 0370465; 2013/08/09 [received]; 2014/03/07 [accepted]; 2014/03/14 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1097-6744; 0002-8703
Accession Number
PMID: 24890534
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; AIM; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.ahj.2014.03.001 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24890534
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Guidelines recommend noninvasive tests (NITs) to risk stratify and identify patients with higher likelihood of coronary artery disease (CAD) prior to elective coronary angiography. However, a high percentage of patients are found to have nonobstructive CAD. We aimed to understand the relationship between patient characteristics, NIT findings, and the likelihood of nonobstructive CAD. METHODS: Patients undergoing elective catheterization without history of CAD were identified from 1,128 hospitals in National Cardiovascular Data Registry's CathPCI Registry between July 2009 and December 2011. Noninvasive tests included stress electrocardiogram, stress echocardiogram, stress radionuclide, stress cardiac magnetic resonance, and computed tomographic angiography. Patient demographics, risk factors, symptoms, and NIT results were correlated with the presence of nonobstructive CAD, defined as all native coronary stenoses
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Mosby, Inc
Data Source
Authors
Patel,M.R., Dai,D., Hernandez,A.F., Douglas,P.S., Messenger,J., Garratt,K.N., Maddox,T.M., Peterson,E.D., Roe,M.T.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140314
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Crystal structure of 4-(prop-2-yn-yloxy)-2,2,6,6-tetra-methyl-piperidin-1-ox-yl | 2014 | Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.; Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.; Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.; Department of C | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Acta crystallographica.Section E, Structure reports online
Periodical, Abbrev.
Acta Crystallogr.Sect.E.Struct.Rep.Online
Pub Date Free Form
9-Aug
Volume
70
Issue
Pt 9
Start Page
130
Other Pages
133
Notes
LR: 20141015; JID: 101089178; OID: NLM: PMC4186184; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/09/01 [ecollection]; 2014/08/04 [received]; 2014/08/05 [accepted]; 2014/08/09 [epublish]; epublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1600-5368; 1600-5368
Accession Number
PMID: 25309160
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
10.1107/S1600536814017991 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25309160
Abstract
The title compound, C12H20NO2, was synthesized from 4-hy-droxy-2,2,6,6-tetra-methyl-piperidin-1-oxyl (hy-droxy-TEMPO) and propargyl bromide. The six-membered ring adopts a flattened chair conformation and carries a propyn-yloxy substituent in an equatorial orientation at the 4-position. The N-O bond length of the piperidin-1-oxyl unit is 1.289 (3) A. In the crystal, C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds combine with unusual C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredpi inter-actions involving the alkyne unit as acceptor to generate a three-dimensional network.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Goswami,S.K., Hanton,L.R., McAdam,C.J., Moratti,S.C., Simpson,J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140809
PMCID
PMC4186184
Editors
|
|||
| The association between changes in alternative reinforcers and short-term smoking cessation | 2014 | Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Suite 4100, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States. Electronic address: goelzp@mail.med.upenn.edu.; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Drug and alcohol dependence
Periodical, Abbrev.
Drug Alcohol Depend.
Pub Date Free Form
1-May
Volume
138
Issue
Start Page
67
Other Pages
74
Notes
LR: 20150515; CI: Copyright (c) 2014; GR: DA025078/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: DA033681/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30 CA016520/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50 CA143187/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50CA143187/CA/NCI NIH HHS/Unit
Place of Publication
Ireland
ISSN/ISBN
1879-0046; 0376-8716
Accession Number
PMID: 24598122
Language
eng
SubFile
Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.02.007 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24598122
Abstract
BACKGROUND: While more than 50% of smokers make a serious quit attempt each year, less than 10% quit permanently. Evidence from studies of adolescent smoking and other substances of abuse suggest that alternative reinforcers, a construct of Behavioral Economic Theory, may contribute to the likelihood of smoking cessation in adults. This study examined the behavioral economics of smoking cessation within a smoking cessation clinical trial and evaluated how depressive symptoms and behavioral economic variables are associated with smoking cessation. METHODS: A sample of 469 smokers, enrolled in an effectiveness trial that provided counseling and 8 weeks of 21 mg nicotine patches, was analyzed. Alternative reinforcers (substitute and complementary reinforcers) and depressive symptoms were examined in relation to 7-day point prevalence abstinence, verified with breath carbon monoxide, 8 weeks after the quit date. RESULTS: Controlling for covariates associated with cessation (nicotine dependence, age of smoking initiation, patch adherence), participants who were abstinent at week 8 showed significantly higher substitute reinforcers at all time-points, compared to those who were smoking (p's<.05 participants="" who="" were="" abstinent="" at="" week="" showed="" lower="" complementary="" reinforcers="" and="" depressive="" symptoms="" all="" time-points="" compared="" to="" those="" smoking="" but="" significant="" differences="" confined="" there="" was="" no="" interaction="" between="" alternative="" across="" the="" weeks="" on="" abstinence.="" conclusions:="" these="" results="" support="" continued="" examination="" of="" behavioral="" economic="" theory="" in="" understanding="" adult="" cessation="" order="" inform="" future="" treatments="" guidelines.="">
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Ireland Ltd
Data Source
Authors
Goelz,P.M., Audrain-McGovern,J.E., Hitsman,B., Leone,F.T., Veluz-Wilkins,A., Jepson,C., Wileyto,E.P., D'Avanzo,P.A., Rivera,J.G., Schnoll,R.A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140215
PMCID
PMC4030632
Editors
|
|||
| The influence of prices on youth tobacco use in India | 2014 | Moody's Analytics, West Chester, PA; | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Periodical, Abbrev.
Nicotine Tob.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Jan
Volume
16 Suppl 1
Issue
Start Page
S24
Other Pages
9
Notes
JID: 9815751; 2013/06/06 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1469-994X; 1462-2203
Accession Number
PMID: 23743096
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1093/ntr/ntt041 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23743096
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The tobacco epidemic has been rapidly spreading in many of the poorer nations of the world, including India. Although studies assessing the impact of prices on youth smoking in countries such as the United States are abundant, comparable research on Indian youth has been largely unavailable due to lack of data at the national level. This study aims to bridge this disparity in tobacco research. METHODS: We used data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey, a national survey among 73,356 youth of age 13-15 years in India, to estimate the price elasticity of tobacco use among Indian youth for three tobacco products: cigarettes, bidi, and gutka. RESULTS: Higher prices can be an effective deterrent to youth tobacco use, irrespective of the form of tobacco. Among the products considered, bidis have the highest price elasticity of participation (-2.70), followed by gutka (0.58) and cigarettes (-0.40). In gender-specific analyses, girls have significantly higher participation price elasticities than boys. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that fiscal measures to increase the price of tobacco products would be effective in curbing the tobacco epidemic in India.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Joseph,R.A., Chaloupka,F.J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20130606
PMCID
Editors
|
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| Emerging nicotine delivery products. Implications for public health | 2014 | Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, the Departments of Medicine and of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Californi | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Annals of the American Thoracic Society
Periodical, Abbrev.
Ann.Am.Thorac.Soc.
Pub Date Free Form
Feb
Volume
11
Issue
2
Start Page
231
Other Pages
235
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 101600811; 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); CIN: Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2014 Feb;11(2):216-9. PMID: 24575986; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
2325-6621; 2325-6621
Accession Number
PMID: 24575992
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1513/AnnalsATS.201312-433PS [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24575992
Abstract
The idea of clean nicotine delivery systems that would satisfy nicotine craving and promote smoking cessation has been considered as a possible public health tool for many years. Nicotine medications have been useful for smoking cessation but have not found widespread popularity among smokers, perhaps because of slow nicotine delivery and other sensory characteristics that differ from cigarettes. Traditional smokeless tobacco delivers as much nicotine as cigarettes and has been advocated for harm reduction but contains carcinogenic nitrosamines and has not been proven to promote cessation. Furthermore, there is concern that dual use of smokeless tobacco and cigarettes may inhibit quitting smoking. Newer oral dissolvable tobacco products contain lower levels of toxicants than other smokeless tobacco but also deliver much less nicotine and have not been popular with consumers. Electronic cigarettes that aerosolize nicotine without generating toxic tobacco combustion products have become quite popular and hold promise as a way to attract smokers away from cigarettes, although efficacy in promoting smoking cessation has not yet been demonstrated. There are concerns about safety of long-term use, and there is evidence that youth, including nonsmokers, are taking up e-cigarette use. E-cigarettes are marketed for use when one cannot smoke conventional cigarettes, and such use might result in more persistent cigarette smoking. Although their benefits and risks are being vigorously debated, e-cigarettes or other clean nicotine delivery devices could play an important role as an adjunct to a U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulatory intervention to make cigarettes less addictive and in this context could contribute to the end of cigarette smoking and smoking-induced disease.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Benowitz,N.L.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
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